The Systemic Blood Pressure and Oxygen Saturation in Retinal Arterioles Predict the Effect of Intravitreal Anti-VEGF Treatment on Diabetic Maculopathy

Acute pulmonary and systemic vasomotor changes induced by endotoxin in dogs have been related, at least in part, to the production of eicosanoids such as the vasoconstrictor thromboxane and the vasodilator prostacyclin. Steroids in high doses, in vitro, inhibit activation of phospholipase A2 and prevent fatty acid release from cell membranes to enter the arachidonic acid cascade. We, therefore, administered methylprednisolone (40 mg/kg) to dogs to see if eicosanoid production and the ensuing vasomotor changes could be prevented after administration of 150 micrograms/kg of endotoxin. The stable metabolites of thromboxane B2 (TxB2) and 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha (6-keto-PGF1 alpha) were measured by radioimmunoassay. Methylprednisolone by itself did not alter circulating eicosanoids but when given 2.5 h before endotoxin not only failed to inhibit endotoxin-induced eicosanoid production but actually resulted in higher circulating levels of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha (P less than 0.05) compared with animals receiving endotoxin alone. Indomethacin prevented the steroid-enhanced concentrations of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha after endotoxin and prevented the greater fall (P less than 0.05) in systemic blood pressure and systemic vascular resistance with steroid plus endotoxin than occurred with endotoxin alone. Administration of methylprednisolone immediately before endotoxin resulted in enhanced levels (P less than 0.05) of both TxB2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha but with a fall in systemic blood pressure and vascular resistance similar to the animals pretreated by 2.5 h. In contrast to the early steroid group in which all of the hypotensive effect was due to eicosanoids, in the latter group steroids had an additional nonspecific effect. Thus, in vivo, high-dose steroids did not prevent endotoxin-induced increases in eicosanoids but actually increased circulating levels of TxB2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha with a physiological effect favoring vasodilation.

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Pressure constrained mitral annular dysfunction determines severity of regurgitation in Barlow's disease – a 3D echocardiographic study

European Heart Journal ◽

10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.1917 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽

Author(s):

K.A Dumont ◽

R Persson ◽

J.P Kvitting ◽

R Lundblad ◽

R Haaverstad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Aortic Valve ◽

Mitral Regurgitation ◽

Surface Area ◽

Systemic Blood Pressure ◽

Funding Source ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Systemic Blood ◽

Barlow’S Disease ◽

3D Echo

Abstract Background Barlow's disease provides both diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. The impact of systemic blood-pressure on severity of regurgitation is still unclear. Purpose We hypothesized that mitral annulus behaves passively with enlargement during ventricular systole, and secondly, we tested the hypothesis that severity of regurgitation correlates to systemic blood-pressure (BP) of the patient. Methods Ten patients with Barlow's disease were compared with 10 healthy controls. Brachial blood-pressure was measured according to guidelines. Transthoracic 3D echo was obtained from an apical view (38.6±8.2 frames per second). Data was analyzed using a holographic display. We measured commissure width (CW), septallateral length (SL) and mitral annular surface area throughout the cardiac cycle. Aortic flow ejection time was derived from continuous Doppler across the aortic valve. Timing of aortic valve closure was visually assessed by 3D echo. Onset and end of mitral regurgitation was derived from continuous wave Doppler of transmitral flow. Results Systolic BP in controls and patients were 122±5 and 133±12 mmHg, respectively (p<0.05). Enddiastolic volume was 87±7 ml/m2 (controls) and 100±14 ml/m2 (Barlow), p<0.02. Left ventricular EF in controls and patients were 59±5 and 62±5%, respectively, p=NS. Barlow patients had moderate or severe late systolic regurgitation with mean regurgitation volume of 51±18 ml. Annular surface area, CW and SL behaved passively with enlargement during ventricular systole (Figure 1). Peak systolic surface area, CW and SL in healthy controls and Barlow patients were 8.7±0.5 vs 20.7±3.2 cm2 (p<0.001), 30.1±1.5 vs 49.5±4.9 mm (p<0.001) and 30.9±1.5 vs 44.9±3.3 mm (p<0.001). Peak annular surface area and regurgitation volume in patients showed a positive correlation with systolic BP (y = 0.156x − 0.077, r=0.60 and y = 1.136x − 99.7, r=0.80, respectively). Conclusions We have demonstrated pressure constrained mitral annular dysfunction in Barlow's disease, indicating that systemic blood pressure may modify the severity of regurgitation. The study provides novel insights into mechanisms of mitral regurgitation and potential therapeutic actions in the future. Figure 1 Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Foundation. Main funding source(s): Grieg Foundation

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PS 02-65 ASSOCIATION BETWEEN POSTPRANDIAL AND SLEEPING SYSTEMIC BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGES IN THE NON-DIABETIC ELDERLY

Journal of Hypertension ◽

10.1097/01.hjh.0000500192.47726.e8 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 34 (Supplement 1) ◽

pp. e121

Author(s):

Fernando Garcia ◽

Beatriz Fidale ◽

Sebastião Ferreira-Filho

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Systemic Blood Pressure ◽

Systemic Blood ◽

Pressure Changes

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Relation of Systemic Blood Pressure to Sudden Cardiac Death

The American Journal of Cardiology ◽

10.1016/j.amjcard.2012.03.035 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 110 (3) ◽

pp. 378-382 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Jari Antero Laukkanen ◽

J. Richard Jennings ◽

Jussi Kauhanen ◽

Timo Heikki Mäkikallio ◽

Kimmo Ronkainen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Sudden Cardiac Death ◽

Cardiac Death ◽

Systemic Blood Pressure ◽

Systemic Blood

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The histopathology of experimental spinal cord trauma

Journal of Neurosurgery ◽

10.3171/jns.1978.48.6.1002 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 48 (6) ◽

pp. 1002-1007 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Stephen E. Rawe ◽

William A. Lee ◽

Phanor L. Perot

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Spinal Cord ◽

Systemic Blood Pressure ◽

Post Injury ◽

Systemic Blood ◽

Edema Formation ◽

Thoracic Spinal Cord ◽

Content Type ◽

Thoracic Spinal ◽

Marked Enhancement

✓ The early sequential histopathological alterations following a concussive paraplegic injury to the posterior thoracic spinal cord in cats were studied. The lack of significant progression of hemorrhages over a 4-hour period after injury indicates that most hemorrhages probably occur within the first hour. The marked enhancement or retardation of hemorrhages in the post-injury period, when the blood pressure was increased or decreased, respectively, demonstrates the loss of autoregulation of spinal cord vasculature at the trauma site after a concussive paraplegic injury. Progressive edema formation was evident over a 4-hour period following injury, and it could be enhanced or retarded by elevation or reduction of the systemic blood pressure.

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Evaluation of Changes of Systemic Blood Pressure and Shunt Incidence in CEA

European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery ◽

10.1016/j.ejvs.2007.05.020 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 34 (5) ◽

pp. 540-545 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

M. Aleksic ◽

J. Heckenkamp ◽

M. Gawenda ◽

V. Reichert ◽

J. Brunkwall

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Systemic Blood Pressure ◽

Systemic Blood

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Control of Blood Pressure and the Distribution of Blood Flow

International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care ◽

10.1017/s0266462300012551 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 7 (S1) ◽

pp. 79-84 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hans T. Versmold

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Blood Flow ◽

Cardiac Output ◽

Peripheral Resistance ◽

Systemic Blood Pressure ◽

Adrenergic Innervation ◽

Systemic Blood ◽

Low Cardiac Output ◽

Neurohumoral Control ◽

The Brain

Systemic blood pressure (BP) is the product of cardiac output and total peripheral resistance. Cardiac output is controlled by the heart rate, myocardial contractility, preload, and afterload. Vascular resistance (vascular hindrance × viscosity) is under local autoregulation and general neurohumoral control through sympathetic adrenergic innervation and circulating catecholamines. Sympathetic innovation predominates in organs receivingflowin excess of their metabolic demands (skin, splanchnic organs, kidney), while innervation is poor and autoregulation predominates in the brain and heart. The distribution of blood flow depends on the relative resistances of the organ circulations. During stress (hypoxia, low cardiac output), a raise in adrenergic tone and in circulating catecholamines leads to preferential vasoconstriction in highly innervated organs, so that blood flow is directed to the brain and heart. Catecholamines also control the levels of the vasoconstrictors renin, angiotensin II, and vasopressin. These general principles also apply to the neonate.

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