The effects of gaze and head orientation on the speed of face categorization during RSVP

Improvement of free convection heat transfer from three finned cylinders arranged at a triangle shape fixed between two walls has been investigated in this study. Three mild steel finned cylinders fixed between two walls from Pyrex glass have been used as a test rig. It has been changed the spacing between the cylinders (X/D=1,2,3 & S/D=2,4,6) and the head orientation of a triangle to the top under constant heat flux values (38, 254, 660, 1268) W/m2 and compare with case of three finned cylinders arranged in vertical array in line fixed between two wall. The experiments are carried for Rayleigh number (Ra) from (15x103 to 14 x104 ) and Prandtl number from (0.706-0.714 ). The results indicated an increase in Nu with increasing Ra for all cylinders. Furthermore,hx and Nu increased proportionally with the increasing of cylinder spacings for all heat fluxes. Also the experimental results show the case of triangle arrangement is improvement the heat transfer more than case of vertical arrangement. Heat transfer dimensionless correlating equation is also proposed. Nomeclature: Ax: surface area(m2), T∞: surrounding temperature(k), D: the outer diameter of fin (m), Kf: the thermal conductivity for air at film temperature(W/m.k), hx: Local convection heat transfer(W/m2.k), Gravitational acceleration(m/s2), I: Electric current (Amp), Nu: Nusselt number, Pr: Prandtl number

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The Role of Head Orientation in Social Attention Shift

Advances in Psychological Science ◽

10.3724/sp.j.1042.2013.00211 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 211-219

Author(s):

Shang LU ◽

Ye LIU ◽

Xiaolan FU

Keyword(s):

Social Attention ◽

Head Orientation ◽

Attention Shift

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Neural Mechanism of Spatial Frequency Representation in Face Categorization: an ECoG Study*

PROGRESS IN BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS ◽

10.3724/sp.j.1206.2010.00012 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 37 (7) ◽

pp. 786-793 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Liang SHI ◽

Rui-Jie WU ◽

Cui-Ping XU ◽

Shou-Wen ZHANG ◽

Hong-Wei ZHU ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spatial Frequency ◽

Neural Mechanism ◽

Face Categorization ◽

Frequency Representation

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Does Head Orientation Influence 3D Facial Imaging? A Study on Accuracy and Precision of Stereophotogrammetric Acquisition

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18084276 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (8) ◽

pp. 4276

Author(s):

Giuditta Battistoni ◽

Diana Cassi ◽

Marisabel Magnifico ◽

Giuseppe Pedrazzi ◽

Marco Di Blasio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Head Rotation ◽

Anthropometric Measurements ◽

Head Orientation ◽

3D Images ◽

Face Shape ◽

Operator Error ◽

Accuracy And Precision ◽

Error Magnitude ◽

Repeatability And Reproducibility ◽

Head Positions

This study investigates the reliability and precision of anthropometric measurements collected from 3D images and acquired under different conditions of head rotation. Various sources of error were examined, and the equivalence between craniofacial data generated from alternative head positions was assessed. 3D captures of a mannequin head were obtained with a stereophotogrammetric system (Face Shape 3D MaxiLine). Image acquisition was performed with no rotations and with various pitch, roll, and yaw angulations. On 3D images, 14 linear distances were measured. Various indices were used to quantify error magnitude, among them the acquisition error, the mean and the maximum intra- and inter-operator measurement error, repeatability and reproducibility error, the standard deviation, and the standard error of errors. Two one-sided tests (TOST) were performed to assess the equivalence between measurements recorded in different head angulations. The maximum intra-operator error was very low (0.336 mm), closely followed by the acquisition error (0.496 mm). The maximum inter-operator error was 0.532 mm, and the highest degree of error was found in reproducibility (0.890 mm). Anthropometric measurements from alternative acquisition conditions resulted in significantly equivalent TOST, with the exception of Zygion (l)–Tragion (l) and Cheek (l)–Tragion (l) distances measured with pitch angulation compared to no rotation position. Face Shape 3D Maxiline has sufficient accuracy for orthodontic and surgical use. Precision was not altered by head orientation, making the acquisition simpler and not constrained to a critical precision as in 2D photographs.

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