The Role of Head Orientation in Social Attention Shift

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-219
Author(s):  
Shang LU ◽  
Ye LIU ◽  
Xiaolan FU
Keyword(s):  
Social Attention ◽  
Head Orientation ◽  
Attention Shift

Role of Cerebellar Uvula-Nodulus in the Control of Head Orientation-Specific Eye Velocity in the Rabbit

1996 ◽  
Vol 781 (1 Lipids and Sy) ◽  
pp. 614-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. ERRICO ◽  
A. A. FERRARESI ◽  
N. H. BARMACK ◽  
V. E. PETTOROSSF
Keyword(s):  
Head Orientation ◽  
Eye Velocity

Mechanics of Interaction of Blast Waves on Surrogate Head: Effect of Head Orientation

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ganpule ◽  
N. Chandra
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Load ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Blast Waves ◽  
Head Orientation ◽  
Separation Flow ◽  
Back Side ◽  
Biomechanical Loading ◽  
Head Protection ◽  
Significant Injury

Blast induced Traumatic Brain Injury (bTBI) has emerged as the most significant injury to warfighters in recent conflicts. How blast waves interact with the head and head protection device (helmet), and induce biomechanical loading on the head are not fully understood. This work focuses on the mechanics of blast wave head interactions on a surrogate head for various orientations (front, back, side and 45°) using experiments and numerical models. The role of the orientation of the head on the mechanical load experienced by the head is studied by monitoring pressures on the surface of a surrogate head subjected to planar blast waves. Validated numerical models are further employed to understand the experimental results and to interpret various aspects of flow mechanics (e.g. flow separation, flow reunion) around the head. Our results indicate that geometry of the head and its orientation with respect to the direction of the blast, govern the flow dynamics around the head and this alters the surface pressures experienced by the head. Orientation dependent responses predicted by the experiments and numerical models suggest that direction-specific tolerances are needed in the helmet design, in order to offer multi-directional protection under blast loading conditions.

scholarly journals Social status gates social attention in humans

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 450-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Dalmaso ◽  
Giulia Pavan ◽  
Luigi Castelli ◽  
Giovanni Galfano
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Social Attention ◽  
High Status ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Face ◽  
Curriculum Vitae ◽  
Gaze Cuing ◽  
Specific Identity

Humans tend to shift attention in response to the averted gaze of a face they are fixating, a phenomenon known as gaze cuing. In the present paper, we aimed to address whether the social status of the cuing face modulates this phenomenon. Participants were asked to look at the faces of 16 individuals and read fictive curriculum vitae associated with each of them that could describe the person as having a high or low social status. The association between each specific face and either high or low social status was counterbalanced between participants. The same faces were then used as stimuli in a gaze-cuing task. The results showed a greater gaze-cuing effect for high-status faces than for low-status faces, independently of the specific identity of the face. These findings confirm previous evidence regarding the important role of social factors in shaping social attention and show that a modulation of gaze cuing can be observed even when knowledge about social status is acquired through episodic learning.

scholarly journals The role of the oculomotor system in covert social attention

2014 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 1265-1270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma J. Morgan ◽  
Keira Ball ◽  
Daniel T. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Oculomotor System ◽  
Social Attention

scholarly journals The role of the ventrolateral frontoparietal attention network in social attention

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 102-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ristic ◽  
B. Giesbrecht
Keyword(s):  
Social Attention ◽  
Attention Network

Noncommutative Control in the Rotational Vestibuloocular Reflex

2008 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Tchelidze ◽  
Bernhard J. M. Hess
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Oculomotor System ◽  
Head Orientation ◽  
Complete Darkness ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Roll Axis ◽  
Eye Velocity ◽  
The Brain

To investigate the role of noncommutative computations in the oculomotor system, three-dimensional (3D) eye movements were measured in seven healthy subjects using a memory-contingent vestibulooculomotor paradigm. Subjects had to fixate a luminous point target that appeared briefly at an eccentricity of 20° in one of four diagonal directions in otherwise complete darkness. After a fixation period of ∼1 s, the subject was moved through a sequence of two rotations about mutually orthogonal axes in one of two orders (30° yaw followed by 30° pitch and vice versa in upright and 30° yaw followed by 20° roll and vice versa in both upright and supine orientations). We found that the change in ocular torsion induced by consecutive rotations about the yaw and the pitch axis depended on the order of rotations as predicted by 3D rotation kinematics. Similarly, after rotations about the yaw and roll axis, torsion depended on the order of rotations but now due to the change in final head orientation relative to gravity. Quantitative analyses of these ocular responses revealed that the rotational vestibuloocular reflexes (VORs) in far vision closely matched the predictions of 3D rotation kinematics. We conclude that the brain uses an optimal VOR strategy with the restriction of a reduced torsional position gain. This restriction implies a limited oculomotor range in torsion and systematic tilts of the angular eye velocity as a function of gaze direction.

scholarly journals The Mutual Influence of Gaze and Head Orientation in the Analysis of Social Attention Direction

2000 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 825-845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen R. H. Langton
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Social Attention ◽  
Gaze Direction ◽  
Head Orientation ◽  
Interference Effects ◽  
Gaze Cues

Three experiments are reported that investigate the hypothesis that head orientation and gaze direction interact in the processing of another individual's direction of social attention. A Stroop-type interference paradigm was adopted, in which gaze and head cues were placed into conflict. In separate blocks of trials, participants were asked to make speeded keypress responses contingent on either the direction of gaze, or the orientation of the head displayed in a digitized photograph of a male face. In Experiments 1 and 2, head and gaze cues showed symmetrical interference effects. Compared with congruent arrangements, incongruent head cues slowed responses to gaze cues, and incongruent gaze cues slowed responses to head cues, suggesting that head and gaze are mutually influential in the analysis of social attention direction. This mutuality was also evident in a cross-modal version of the task (Experiment 3) where participants responded to spoken directional words whilst ignoring the head/gaze images. It is argued that these interference effects arise from the independent influences of gaze and head orientation on decisions concerning social attention direction.

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