scholarly journals Visualizing Androgynous Faces Using Reverse Correlation

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 2880
Author(s):  
Leigh Greenberg ◽  
Allison B. Sekuler ◽  
Patrick J. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Correlation

The Impact of Visual Stereotypes on Judgments about Rape

2016 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-140
Author(s):  
Robert Busching ◽  
Johannes Lutz
Keyword(s):  
Mental Representations ◽  
Irrelevant Information ◽  
Clear Distinction ◽  
Rape Myth ◽  
Facial Features ◽  
Reverse Correlation ◽  
Correlation Technique ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Legal Judgments ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Legally irrelevant information like facial features is used to form judgments about rape cases. Using a reverse-correlation technique, it is possible to visualize criminal stereotypes and test whether these representations influence judgments. In the first step, images of the stereotypical faces of a rapist, a thief, and a lifesaver were generated. These images showed a clear distinction between the lifesaver and the two criminal representations, but the criminal representations were rather similar. In the next step, the images were presented together with rape scenarios, and participants (N = 153) indicated the defendant’s level of liability. Participants with high rape myth acceptance scores attributed a lower level of liability to a defendant who resembled a stereotypical lifesaver. However, no specific effects of the image of the stereotypical rapist compared to the stereotypical thief were found. We discuss the findings with respect to the influence of visual stereotypes on legal judgments and the nature of these mental representations.

Time Course of Cross-Orientation Suppression in the Early Visual Cortex

2009 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 1463-1479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Kimura ◽  
Izumi Ohzawa
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Individual Component ◽  
Correlation Method ◽  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
Negative Response ◽  
Reverse Correlation ◽  
Response Onset ◽  
Early Visual Cortex ◽  
Visual Neuron

Responses of a visual neuron to optimally oriented stimuli can be suppressed by a superposition of another grating with a different orientation. This effect is known as cross-orientation suppression. However, it is still not clear whether the effect is intracortical in origin or a reflection of subcortical processes. To address this issue, we measured spatiotemporal responses to a plaid pattern, a superposition of two gratings, as well as to individual component gratings (optimal and mask) using a subspace reverse-correlation method. Suppression for the plaid was evaluated by comparing the response to that for the optimal grating. For component stimuli, excitatory and negative responses were defined as responses more positive and negative, respectively, than that to a blank stimulus. The suppressive effect for plaids was observed in the vast majority of neurons. However, only ∼30% of neurons showed the negative response to mask-only gratings. The magnitudes of negative responses to mask-only stimuli were correlated with the degree of suppression for plaid stimuli. Comparing the latencies, we found that the suppression for the plaids starts at about the same time or slightly later than the response onset for the optimal grating and reaches its maximum at about the same time as the peak latency for the mask-only grating. Based on these results, we propose that in addition to the suppressive effect originating at the subcortical stage, delayed suppressive signals derived from the intracortical networks act on the neuron to generate cross-orientation suppression.

scholarly journals How do (perceptual) distracters distract?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsvetomira Dumbalska ◽  
Katarzyna Rudzka ◽  
Hannah Smithston ◽  
Christopher Summerfield
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Attention ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Target Stimulus ◽  
Computational Modelling ◽  
Interaction Model ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Reverse Correlation ◽  
Target Interaction ◽  
Independent Model

When a target stimulus occurs in the presence of distracters, decisions are less sensitive. But how exactly do distracters affect choices? Here, we explored this question using measurement of human behaviour, psychophysical reverse correlation and computational modelling. We contrasted two models: one in which targets and distracters had independent influence on choices (independent model) and one in which distracters modulated choices in a way that depended on their similarity to the target (interaction model). Across three experiments, participants were asked to make fine orientation judgments about the tilt of a target grating presented adjacent to an irrelevant distracter. Surprisingly, we found strong evidence for the interaction model, in that decisions were more sensitive when target and distracter were consistent relative to when they were inconsistent. This consistency bias occurred in the frame of reference of the decision, that is, it operated on decision values rather than on sensory signals. Further, it was independent of spatial attention. A normalization framework, where target features are normalized by the expectation and variability of the local context, successfully captures the observed pattern of results.

scholarly journals Probing blur adaptation with reverse correlation

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 79b
Author(s):  
Keith A May ◽  
William H McIlhagga
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Correlation

scholarly journals Collagen-dependent platelet dysfunction and its relevance to either mitochondrial ROS or cytosolic superoxide generation: a question about the quality and functional competence of long-stored platelets

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehteramolsadat Hosseini ◽  
Saba Hojjati ◽  
Safoora Afzalniaye gashti ◽  
Mehran Ghasemzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Adhesion ◽  
Oxidant Stress ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Reverse Correlation ◽  
Platelet Dysfunction ◽  
Mitochondrial Ros ◽  
Ros Accumulation ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Subendothelial Matrix ◽  
Platelet Spreading

Abstract Background: Upon vascular damage, the exposed subendothelial matrix recruits circulating platelets to site of injury while inducing their firm adhesion mainly via GPVI-collagen interaction. GPVI also supports aggregatory and pro-coagulant functions in arterial shear rate even on the matrix other than collagen. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) modulate these stages of thrombosis; however augmented oxidant stress also disturbs platelet functions. Stored-dependent platelet lesion is associated with the increasing levels of ROS. Whether ROS accumulation is also relevant to collagen-dependent platelet dysfunction is the main interest of this study. Methods: Fresh PRP-PCs (platelet concentrates) were either stimulated with potent ROS-inducers PMA and CCCP or stored for 5 days. Intra-platelet superoxide (O2--) or mitochondrial-ROS and GPVI expression were detected by flowcytometery. GPVI shedding, platelet aggregation and spreading/adhesion to collagen were analyzed by western blot, aggregometry and fluorescence-microscopy respectively. Results: Mitochondrial-ROS levels in 5 days-stored PCs were comparable to those induced by mitochondrial uncoupler, CCCP while O2-- generations were higher than those achieved by PMA. Shedding levels in 5 days-stored PCs were higher than those induced by these potent stimuli. GPVI expressions were reduced comparably in CCCP treated and 5 days-stored PCs. Platelet adhesion was also diminished during storage while demonstrating significant reverse correlation with GPVI shedding. However, only firm adhesion (indicated by spreading or platelet adhesion surface area) was relevant to GPVI expression. Platelet adhesion and aggregation also showed reverse correlations with both O2-- and mitochondrial-ROS formations; nonetheless mitochondrial-ROS was only relevant to firm adhesion. Conclusion: As a sensitive indicator of platelet activation, GPVI shedding correlated with either simple adhesion or spreading to collagen, while GPVI expression was only relevant to platelet spreading. Thereby, if the aim of GPVI evaluation is to examine platelet firm adhesion, expression seems to be a more specific choice. Furthermore, the comparable levels of ROS generation in 5 days-stored PCs and CCCP treated platelets, indicated that these products are significantly affected by oxidative stress. Reverse correlation of accumulating ROS with collagen-dependent platelet dysfunction is also a striking sign of an oxidant-induced lesion that may raise serious question about the post-transfusion quality and competence of longer stored products.

scholarly journals Polyploidy in tissues of plants in vitro of grape somaclones

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 03002
Author(s):  
Viktor Klimenko ◽  
Ekaterina Lushchay ◽  
Valeryi Zlenko
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Cytogenetic Analysis ◽  
Colchicine Treatment ◽  
Reverse Correlation ◽  
Grape Variety ◽  
Meristematic Tissue ◽  
Clonal Micropropagation

In vitro experimental plants obtained by clonal micropropagation of 9 grape somaclones of 5 original forms were the material for cytogenetic research. A biological microscope XSP-146TP was used for cytogenetic analysis. 823 cases of deviation from diploidy were observed in total. Significant tissue ploidy was observed in the meristematic tissue of in vitro plants of grape somaclones obtained by colchicine treatment of proembryogenic cells of various varieties. The significant direct correlation was found between the frequency of polyploidy in meristem tissues of in vitro plants and the number of chloroplasts in the stomata of grape somaclones. The reverse correlation was found between the frequency of polyploidy and the number of stomata on the leaf area. Somaclone No. 72, obtained as a result of regeneration from colchicinated proembryogenic cells of the Ruta grape variety and identified as a tetraploid (2n = 4x = 76), is recommended for use in the polyploid creation program.

Abstract 15515: Sexual Dimorphism in Cardiac Response to Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR)

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Maloyan ◽  
Sribalasubashini Muralimanoharan ◽  
Mark Nijland ◽  
Peter W Nathanielsz
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Mirna Expression ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Cardiac Response ◽  
Heart Weight ◽  
Reverse Correlation ◽  
Intrauterine Growth

Background: Poor fetal nutrient availability predisposes to adult cardiovascular disease (CVD). We have developed a fetal baboon model of maternal undernutrition resulting in Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) in both male and female fetuses (Li, et al, J Endocrinol, 2013). MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression through mRNA degradation and translational repression. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that IUGR is accompanied by cardiac dysfunction and dysregulation of cardiac miRNAs. Methods: Six control pregnant baboons ate ad libitum, and six nutrient restricted pregnant baboons ate a globally reduced diet (70% of control feed) from 0.16 gestation (G) through pregnancy resulting in fetal IUGR compared to controls (p<0.05). No differences in heart weight were observed. Fetuses (3 males and 3 females per group) were euthanized at C-section at 0.9G. Cardiac sections were studied for morphological changes and fibrosis using H&E and Masson’s trichrome staining respectively. Total left ventricular RNA was isolated and miRNA array was performed. Results: While no differences in myofiber orientation were observed, IUGR male but not female fetuses showed a reverse correlation between birth weight and accumulation of fibrotic tissue in the heart (r=-0.831, p=0.01). We next investigated the expression of the extracellular matrix proteins thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF). A reverse correlation between birth weight and cardiac TSP-1 levels (r=-0.77, p=0.03) was found in male but not female fetuses. No changes in CTGF were observed. Sexual dimorphism was observed in fetal cardiac miRNA expression within both IUGR and control groups. In male IUGR group, the increase in levels of TSP-1 was associated with more than 50% reduction in expression of its targeting miRNA-19a, reduction in which has been implicated in CVD. Other CVD-related and differentially expressed miRNAs in male IUGR included miRNA-23b, 27b, 99b, 143, 181a, and 378-3p. Summary: IUGR resulting from decreased maternal nutrition is associated with sexual dimorphism in cardiac structure and miRNA expression. If the changes observed in male IUGR fetuses persists postnatally they may program offspring for higher CVD risk later in life.

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