Frontenac Gris as colour-mutant Frontenac grape variety

The work aimed to assess the cultivation and breeding prospects of the new Frontenac Gris technical grape variety obtained in 2003 by clonal selection as a colour-mutant Frontenac red technical grape originated by the University of Minnesota, USA. The variety is a complex cross-species hybrid with early maturity in the zone of Novocherkassk, Rostov Region. The variety was studied in 2018-2020 following the common viticulture and winemaking protocols at an experimental plot of the Novocherkassk trial field of All-Russian Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking named after Ya.I. Potapenko — Branch of the Federal Rostov Agricultural Research Centre. Vineyards were uncovered, unirrigated, grafted, Berlandieri×Riparia Kober 5BB rootstock, 3×1.5 m planting scheme. Formation as medium-standard double-shouldered horizontal cordon. By combination of economic value and agrobiological traits (cold and winter hardiness, yield, anti-phytopathogen resistance, high wine material quality), the Frontenac Gris variety holds promise in industrial viticulture. It can be recommended for gardening in sufficiently humid cool climates avoiding winter bush sheltering, as well as for breeding. The variety is low-hardy to drought and summer heat, which hinders its growing in the southern country. The variety’s disadvantages are in early maturity and slight berries wilting on bush in dry and windy air, which can pose an issue in juice production from pressed berries.

The use of multicriteria optimization method in selecting protoclones in the population of the ‘Kokur Belyi’ grape variety

В статье представлены данные по 11 биолого-хозяйственным признакам 100 маточных кустов винограда сорта Кокур белый за 2019-2021 гг. Исследования проводились на производственном участке сорта винограда Кокур белый (№ 361, формировка АЗОС-1, схема посадки 3×1,25) в филиале «Алушта» АО «ПАО «Массандра». По средним показателям за три года исследований методом многокритериальной оптимизации отобраны 25 протоклонов сорта Кокур белый (протоклоны первого вегетативного поколения) с наименьшими показателями функции в диапазоне от φ=3,330 до φ=6,103. Выбор лучшего куста определялся из условий наибольшего приближения к идеалу, т.е. интервал [φ(xi); xu]→min. Следовательно, чем меньше значение функции протоклона φ(xi), тем лучше куст. Значения целевых функций сравнивались у 100 кустов, затем отбирались протоклоны по наименьшим показателям, определяющим лучшие кусты. Применение метода многокритериальной оптимизации обеспечивает объективный подход при отборе протоклонов, исключая единицы измерения изучаемых признаков, преобразуя их в безразмерный вид. Для дальнейшего исследования с выделенных 25 кустов винограда сорта Кокур белый будет проведена заготовка лозы для проведения настольной прививки с последующей закладкой клоноиспытательного участка первого вегетативного поколения сорта Кокур белый. The article presents data on 11 biological and economical traits of 100 mother vines of the ‘Kokur Belyi’ for the period of 2019-2021. The research was carried out at the production plot of the ‘Kokur Belyi’ grape variety (No. 361, AZOS-1 pruning, planting scheme 3 × 1.25) in the Alushta branch of FSUE PJSC Massandra. According to the average of indicators for three years of research using method of multicriteria optimization, we selected 25 protoclones of the ‘Kokur Belyi’ variety (protoclones of the first vegetative voltine) with the lowest function indicators in the range from φ = 3.330 to φ = 6.103. The choice of the best bush was determined from the conditions of the closest approximation to the ideal, i.e. interval [φ(x); x]→min. Therefore, the smaller the value of the protoclone function φ(x), the better the bush. Target function values for 100 bushes were compared, after that protoclones were separated by the lowest indicators, determining the best bushes. The use of multicriteria optimization method provides an objective approach to the selection of protoclones, excluding the units of measurement of the studied characteristics, converting them into a nondimensional form. For further research, from the selected 25 bushes of grapes of the ‘Kokur Belyi’ variety, vines will be gathered for table grafting, followed by the establishment of a clone-testing plot of the first vegetative voltine of the ‘Kokur Belyi’ variety.

Application of plant growth regulators as a method for realization the production potential of table grapes in the conditions of Pridnestrovie

Изучено влияние физиологически активных веществ Гиббереллина, Циркона и Эпин-экстра на механический состав грозди, урожайность и содержание сахаров в соке ягод трех столовых сортов винограда в условиях Приднестровья. Определено влияние физиологически активных веществ на изменение массы грозди, количества ягод в грозди и урожайности в зависимости от метеорологических условий года. Установлено, что в более влажных условиях 2019 г. (ГТК = 1,0) увеличение массы грозди в опытных вариантах в сравнении с контрольными растениями составило на сорте Золотой Дон 24,5-43,5%; на сорте Велика - 48,4-81,0%. В менее влагообеспеченном 2020 г. (ГТК = 0,6) это превышение было на уровне - 53,3-110,3% и 17,7-41,7% соответственно. Увеличение массы грозди у сортов винограда в вариантах с обработкой регуляторами роста растений наблюдается преимущественно вследствие повышения количества ягод. Выявлено, что двукратная обработка растений физиологически активными веществами приводит к значительному снижению ягодного показателя и росту показателя строения грозди винограда. Оптимальным вариантом двукратной обработки растений сортов столового направления использованиия являются: для сорта Золотой Дон - Циркон, 0,6 мл/л; для сорта Велика - Эпин-экстра, 3,2 мл/л, в более увлажненных условиях 2019 г., что позволило повысить урожайность кустов на 46,7 и 81,1% соответственно. В засушливых условиях 2020 г. обработка сорта Золотой Дон препаратом Эпин-экстра в концентрации 3,2 мл/л и сорта Велика Цирконом, 0,6 мл/л, была наиболее эффективной, увеличив урожайность в 1,5-2,0 раза по сравнению с контролем. The effect of plant growth regulators Gibberellin, Zircon and Epin-extra on mechanical composition of the bunch, cropping capacity and sugar content in the juice of berries of three table grape varieties in the conditions of Pridnestrovie was studied. The influence of physiologically active substances on changes in the bunch weight, number of berries per bunch and cropping capacity depending on the meteorological conditions of the year was determined. It was found that in the more humid conditions of 2019 (HTC of 1.0), the bunch weight increase in experimental variants in comparison with the control plants was from 24.5% to 43.5% in ‘Zolotoy Don’ grape variety, and from 48.4% to 81.0% in ‘Velika’ grape variety. In the less moisture-rich 2020 (HTC of 0.6) this exceeding was at the level of 53.3%-110.3% and 17.7%-41.7%, respectively. An increase in the bunch weight of grape varieties treated with plant growth regulators is mainly observed due to an increase in the number of berries. It was found that two-fold treatment of plants with physiologically active substances leads to a significant decrease in the berry index and an increase in the index of grape bunch structure. The best variant for two-fold treatment of plants is Zircon, 0.6 ml/l, - for ‘Zolotoy Don’ variety; Epin-extra, 3.2 ml/l, - for ‘Velika’ grape variety in more humid conditions of 2019, resulting in the increase in cropping capacity of bushes by 46,7% and 81.1%, respectively. In the arid conditions of 2020, the treatment of ‘ Zolotoy Don’ variety with Epin-extra at a concentration of 3.2 ml/l and ‘Velika’ variety with Zircon, 0.6 ml/l, was the most effective, increasing the yield by 1.5-2.0 times compared to the control.

REGENERATION OF MICRO CUTTINS WITH DIFFERENT SIZE AND ORIENTATION IN TEST TUBE

The article is devoted to the optimization of one of the factors influencing the success of micropropagation – the choice of the optimal size of the explant and the method of its expo-sure in a test tube. Many studies have con-firmed that the size of the micro cuttings and its orientation during planting can affect the speed of growth processes and the survival rate of plants. The experiment was set on the Fio-letoviy Ranniy grape variety. The best size of the micro cuttings and the method of its orien-tation in the test tube are established.

Correlations between the elemental composition of grapes, soils of the viticultural area and wine

Study of the elemental composition of the soil-grape-wine chain and correlation relationships between the chain links is presented. The objects of the study were grapes of the Muscat, Cabernet and Merlot varieties, wine samples produced from them and soils of the viticultural areas. Concentrations of Li, Mg, Al, K, Ca, V, Mn, Fe, Ni, Co, Cu, Zn, Rb, Cd, Pb, Ba, Na, Ti and Sr in soils, grapes and wines were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Relationships between the elemental composition of the objects under study were assessed by statistical modelling using the STATISTICA software. The character of metal distribution in the soil-grape chain was studied for three forms of the element extraction from soils. We determined their gross content, the content of acid-soluble and mobile forms. The degree of absorption of mobile forms of metals by grapes was estimated using «biological absorption coefficient»., Values of the biological absorption coefficient (BAC) of different metals depend on the grape variety. High BAC values are observed for Rb, Ti, Mg, Zn, Cu, Na, Fe, Al, and Sr in Merlot grapes; K, Pbm and Ni in Muscat; and for V and Mn in Cabernet. The lowest BAC values were observed for Co, Ba, and Ca in all grape varieties under study. Each grape variety formed its own individual elemental image due to the different nature of absorption of the studied metals. The transfer of metals from grape to wine for all considered varieties was accompanied by a decrease in the concentrations of Mg, Al, K, Ca, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Ba, Ti, and Sr and by an increase in the content of V, Fe, Co, Pb, and Na. Discriminant analysis revealed the metals with the highest identification properties, considering their form present in the soil. The results obtained can be used when setting markers determining the varietal and regional origin of wines.

INFLUENCE OF YEAST RACE ON THE CONCENTRATION OF BIOGENIC AMINES IN WHITE TABLE WINE MATERIAL

Рассмотрено влияние расы дрожжей на концентрацию биогенных аминов в белом столовом виноматериале. Для эксперимента использовали стерильное сусло винограда сорта Алиготе, не содержавшее бактериальных клеток. Сусло сбраживали в стерильных условиях расами дрожжей российского производства и расами активных сухих дрожжей производства европейских фирм. Использованные расы дрожжей различались по целевому назначению. Брожение проводили в одинаковых для всех образцов условиях при температуре 18–20°С. По окончании брожения виноматериалы отделяли от дрожжевой гущи путем фильтрации и определяли концентрацию биогенных аминов методом высокоэффективной жидкостной хроматографии. Установлено существенное различие концентраций биогенных аминов в образцах белого столового виноматериала, изготовленных с использованием различных рас дрожжей: количество гистамина варьировало от 0,08 (Vinomax Yeast) до 4,26 мг/дм3 (Pro Elif); концентрация тирамина – от 0,36 (Oenoferm Rouge) до 2,21 мг/дм3 (ОК 2); содержание фенилэтиламина в образцах виноматериала составляло от 0,17 (Oenoferm Rouge) до 1,23 мг/дм3(Prise de Musso); концентрация путресцина – от 0,01 (Prima Vera) до 0,33 мг/дм3 (Виниферм). В образцах виноматериала, полученных с применением дрожжей рас Oenoferm Rouge, SP 49, Vinomax Yeast, кадаверин не обнаружен. Сбраживание сусла дрожжами рас Виниферм, L food I fantastici, Шампанская 7-10С, France Cuve, Prise de Musso привело к накоплению кадаверина в количестве 0,27 мг/дм3 и выше. Таким образом, доказано, что раса дрожжей, применяемая для сбраживания виноградного сусла, оказывает влияние на концентрацию биогенных аминов в виноматериале. The influence of the race of yeast on the concentration of biogenic amines in the white table materials was explored. The sterile must of a grape variety Aligote without bacterial cells was used for the experiment. The must was fermented in the sterile conditions using races of yeasts of Russian manufacture and races of the European produced active dry yeasts. Applied races of yeasts differ by the end use. Fermentation was carried out in the similar conditions for all samples at temperature 18–20°C. On completion of the fermentation wine materials were separated from the yeast sediment and the concentrations of biogenic amines were determined by a method of high-performance liquid chromatography. Significant difference in the biogenic amines concentrations has been established in the samples of white table materials developed with various races of yeasts: amount of histamine varied from 0,08 (Vinomax Yeast) to 4,26 mg/dm3 (Pro Elif); amount of tyramine varied from 0,36 (Oenoferm Rouge) to 2,21 mg/dm3 (OK 2); amount of phenylethylamine in the wine material varied from 0,17 (Oenoferm Rouge) to 1,23 mg/dm3(Prise de Musso); amount of putrescine varied from 0,01 (Oenoferm Rouge) to 0,33 mg/dm3(Viniferm). Cadaverine was not found in the wine samples obtained using races of yeasts Oenoferm Rouge, SP 49, Vinomax Yeast. Must fermentation using races of yeasts Viniferm, L food I fantastici, Shampanskaya 7-10C, France Cuve, Prise de Musso resulted in the cadaverine accumulation in amount greater than 0,27 mg/dm3. Therefore, it was proved that the race of yeast applied to the grape must fermentation makes an impact on the biogenic amines concentration in a wine material.

AGROBIOLOGICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL STUDY OF PAMID GRAPEVINE VARIETY

An agrobiological and techno-logical study of the Pamid grape variety was carried out during the realization of different variants of loading with winter eyes during pruning. An agrobio-logical and technological study of the Pamid grape variety was carried out during the realiza-tion of different loading variants with winter eyes during pruning. It has been established that the phenophases of development during the vegetation period occur and take place al-most simultaneously in the same time periods, and the grapes ripen during the first ten days of September. With the increase in the number of knots of a vine and with their lengthening, there is a well-defined tendency of reducing the percentage of developed winter eyes, fruit-ing shoots, weight per 1 cluster, less of reduc-ing the fertility rate. The vines grow well under the pruning loads of the four variants and the grapes manage to ripen. The best combination of sugar and titratable acid content for wine production is in the grapes from the variants with a load of 6 and 7 knots of a vine. The number of knots has a proven strong or moder-ate negative effect on the percentage of devel-oped eyes, fruiting shoots, bunches, fertility rate, weight of one cluster and 100 grains, dur-ing both years of the study. The increase in the number of knots is in a moderate, positive cor-relation with the yield of one vine.