Der Einfluss des Nervensystems auf Bau und Taetigkeit der Geshlechtsorgane des Menschen (The Influence of the Nervous System on the Form and Function of the Human Reproductive Organs)

1953 ◽  
Vol 109 (9) ◽  
pp. 716-a-716
Author(s):  
ALFRED GALLINEK
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Human Reproductive ◽  
And Function

Human Adult Reproductive System

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Guthrie ◽  
Johanna Von Hofe ◽  
Rachael B Lancaster
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive System ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
Human Reproductive ◽  
Reproductive Anatomy ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
And Function ◽  
Pituitary Adrenal Axis ◽  
Physiologic System

The human reproductive system is a unique combination of organs and endocrine components that is extremely complex and adaptive. The reproductive organs are distinct between males and females, and sexual differentiation is a result of genotype, gonadal type, and phenotype. The anatomic and physiologic system of each sex is composed with a set purpose: to propagate the human species. Linked closely to the reproductive system is the endocrine system, which provides the messengers and feedback mechanisms that allow the development, maintenance, and function of the reproductive organs. The gonads have both endocrine and exocrine functions, namely steroidogenesis and gametogenesis. This review focuses on the components of the endocrine system as well as male and female anatomy and physiology to fully grasp the human reproductive system.  Key words: fertility, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, reproductive anatomy, sexual aging, sexual physiology

scholarly journals Reproductive Ontogeny and the Evolution of Morphological Diversity in Conifers and Other Plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 548-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
A B Leslie ◽  
J M Losada
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Evolution ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Developmental Rate ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Developmental Trajectory ◽  
Evolutionary Significance ◽  
Developmental Patterns ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
And Function

Abstract Biologists often study morphological evolution through form and function relationships. But biological structures can perform multiple functional roles, complicating efforts to understand the evolutionary significance of any one relationship. Plant reproductive organs perform multiple roles in a sequence, however, which provides a unique opportunity to understand how structures evolve to meet multiple functional demands. Using conifers as a study group, we discuss how a shared developmental trajectory links the performance of sequential functional roles. Variation in development among lineages can underlie morphological diversity; pollination-stage seed cones in Pinaceae conifers function similarly but show diverse forms reflecting differences in developmental rate. As cones develop further, the morphologies that they use to perform later functional roles are influenced by the specific developmental patterns used to meet earlier demands, which may ultimately limit morphological diversity. However, we also show how selective pressures relating to the final functional stage (seed dispersal) may influence cone anatomy and morphology over all previous stages, highlighting the complex linkages among form, function, and development. We end by discussing the potential relationships between functional ontogeny and morphological disparity in plant reproductive structures more broadly, suggesting that the complex functional roles associated with seed plant reproduction probably underlie the high disparity in this group.

scholarly journals The Effects of E-Cigarette Vapor Components on the Morphology and Function of the Male and Female Reproductive Systems: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (17) ◽  
pp. 6152
Author(s):  
Kamila Szumilas ◽  
Paweł Szumilas ◽  
Anna Grzywacz ◽  
Aleksandra Wilk
Keyword(s):  
Animal Studies ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Limited Evidence ◽  
Reproductive Systems ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Hormonal Balance ◽  
Human Reproductive ◽  
And Function ◽  
Female Reproductive Organs

E-cigarettes, a comparatively new phenomenon, are regarded as a safer alternative to conventional cigarettes. They are increasingly popular among adolescents of both sexes, and many smokers use e-cigarettes in their attempts to quit smoking. There is little understanding of the effects of exposure to e-cigarette vapors on human reproductive health, human development, or the functioning of the organs of the male and female reproductive systems. Data on the effects of the exposure were derived mainly from animal studies, and they show that e-cigarettes can affect fertility. Here, we review recent studies on the effects of exposure to e-cigarettes on facets of morphology and function in the male and female reproductive organs. E-cigarettes, even those which are nicotine-free, contain many harmful substances, including endocrine disruptors, which disturb hormonal balance and morphology and the function of the reproductive organs. E-cigarettes cannot be considered a completely healthy alternative to smoking. As is true for smoking, deleterious effects on the human reproductive system from vaping are likely, from the limited evidence to date.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document