A Homeopathic Treatment İn a Female Patient with İnfertility

There is a physiological balance between our systems in our body. When this physiological balance is disturbed, diseases ocur. Infertility; It is defined as not having a pregnancy despite the couples having regular sexual intercourse. Homeopathy, a natural remedy that has been used widely all over the world for 200 years system. It has been recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO) as the second largest treatment method used worldwide. Although it is the most popular form of treatment in India and South America, it is also used by over 30 million people in Europe and millions of other people around the world. A female patient 33 years old who applied to Getat Polk for infertility had also divorsed from her first marriage for 8 years due to infertility. She continued her infertility treatment during her marriage. Tsh 1.93Uıu/ml, t3 3,05 pg/ml,t4 0.76ng/dl. Glukose 82mg/ml, d vitamine 8ng/ml, b12 270pg/ml, total cholesterol 176mg/ml, creatinine 0.63mg/dl tg 77 mg/dl fe 38ug/dl AST 19 U/L E stradiole 46ug/l LH 12,42IU/L Ferritine 8.51 ug/l hemoglobine 11.8g/dl .After a detailed anamnesis, the patient was started on Hyos c30 2*1, Ignatia c30 2*1, and folliculunum c200 2*1 (1st and 14th days of menstruation) in December 2020. The patient was 7 weeks pregnant in september 2021.β-Hcg 15000Mıu/ml Fe 171 ug/dl. Hormonal balance in women is very sensitive and easily effected, either by endogen or exogen disturbances. Pressure and suppression induced by dominant forces on an individual such as dominant parents, husband, harassment at work or religions dominance can be a cause to create a so called Folliculinum state, as well as results from immune system suffering after long lasting and profound infection, which is suppressed by medication.

Endocrinopathies and Male Infertility

Male infertility is approaching a concerning prevalence worldwide, and inflicts various impacts on the affected couple. The hormonal assessment is a vital component of male fertility evaluation as endocrine disorders are markedly reversible causatives of male infertility. Precise hormonal regulations are prerequisites to maintain normal male fertility parameters. The core male reproductive event, spermatogenesis, entails adequate testosterone concentration, which is produced via steroidogenesis in the Leydig cells. Physiological levels of both the gonadotropins are needed to achieve normal testicular functions. The hypothalamus-derived gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is considered the supreme inducer of the gonadotropins and thereby the subsequent endocrine reproductive events. This hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis may be modulated by the thyroidal or adrenal axis and numerous other reproductive and nonreproductive hormones. Disruption of this fine hormonal balance and their crosstalk leads to a spectrum of endocrinopathies, inducing subfertility or infertility in men. This review article will discuss the most essential endocrinopathies associated with male factor infertility to aid precise understanding of the endocrine disruptions-mediated male infertility to encourage further research to reveal the detailed etiology of male infertility and perhaps to develop more customized therapies for endocrinopathy-induced male infertility.

Discovering of GPCRSs and GnRHRs as SARS-CoV-2 binding receptors, the Scientific Breakthrough that could explain the observed Hypogonadism, Hypothyroidism, Anosmia, Retinol deficiency, Neurological and Menstrual disturbance among SARS-COV-2 patients.

Background A common symptoms of COVID-19 is a change or disorder in hormonal balance and olfactory function which may persist after recovery including COVID-19-related anosmia and hypogonadism. Hormonal problems including Hypogonadism and Hypothyroidism are being observed in patients with Covid-19. Rise in cases of hormonal imbalance post COVID recovery is a cause for concern. Moreover, anosmia is a well-tolerated symptom of COVID-19, but their aetiology isn't understood. The studies demonstrated that the new coronavirus could affect the central nervous system through the olfactory bulb or blood circulation. Furthermore, in addition to anosmia or hyposmia induction, as well as taste disorders, the virus may cause hormonal imbalance ,retinol deficiency, eye-ache, earache, dizziness and hallucination. It was showed that G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRS) and Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptors (GnRHRs, a subtype of GPCRS), were expressed sufficiently in olfactory region and hypothalamus as well as the lung Herein by using molecular docking and stimulation analysis , we succeeded to elucidate the direct neuroinvasive route of COVID-19 into the nasal epithelium and human brain cells which may lead to anosmia and hormonal imbalance mainly through the olfactory route by direct binding to G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRS). Furthermore, we strongly suspect that binding of COVID-19 to the expressed GPCRS in the lung is a main cause of ion changing disruption leading to pulmonary edema and failure . Moreover, we confirmed our results by investigating Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptors (GnRHRs) as a novel binding receptor of COVID-19. MethodologyIn the current study, we used PatchDock server to conduct a docking study of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein with both of GnRHRs and GPCRSs protein. The structure of the crystal structure of the proteins were retrieved from RSCP (https://www.rcsb.org/ ) with accessions numbers (PDB ID 7BR3 and 6P9X respectively. we obtained the crystal structure of spike with accession number (PDB ID: 6VYB). The proteins are downloaded in the pdb format. The spike - receptor protein was investigated to determine the conservative residues of binding of Spike protein with the GnRHRs and GPCRS proteins in order to discover the ability of Spike to interact with GnRHR and GPCR receptors. We performed Molecular Dynamics (MD) Simulation to investigate the positional and conformational changes of the included proteins in relation to the binding site that provides insight into the binding stability. MD simulation of the complex was carried out with the GROMACS 4.5.4 package using the GROMOS96 43a1 force field .ResultsThis analysis of simulations molecular dynamics and molecular docking showed a high affinity between Spike protein and both of GnRHRs and GPCRSs . Results indicated that the spike binds to GNRHRS with binding energy (-1424.7 k.cal/mol) and to GPCRS with binding energy (-1451.8 k.cal/mol). The obtained results confirmed that the native model binds to GPCRS with the highest docking score of ( -1451.8) when compared to the other GNRHRS complexes, which have the lowest binding affinity, as evidenced by the docking score of (-1424.9). These results signifies better conjugation of GNRHRS to the binding pocket of the spike receptor in the RDB of the spike protein . Comparing the binding free energy of GPCRS to GNRHRS showed that the GNRHRS protein was found to bind to the vital residues in the RBD of the spike protein. But GPCRSs protein were found to bind to new RDB in other place in chain B of the spike. The molecular dynamics (MD) simulations study revealed significant stability of s pike protein with the GnRHRs and GPCRS separately up to 50 ns. CONCLUSIONSThe COVID-19 entry receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), is not expressed in the receptor of olfactory neurons, or its generation is limited to a minor fraction of these neurons. A change or disorder in hormonal balance and olfactory function is a common symptom of COVID-19 as well as retinol deficiency , but its aetiology is unknown. SARS-CoV-2 was found to bind strongly and directly to both GPCRS and GnRHRs which expressed sufficiently in olfactory neurons. As a result, we confirm that COVID-19 could use these receptors especially GNRHRS as a direct neuroinvasive route into human brain cells, potentially leading to long-term neurological complications and hormonal imbalance in addition to retinol deficiency via the olfactory route. Our findings may also shed a new light on the mechanism of pulmonary edema in COVID-19 patients. Therefore ,we propose that GPCRS and is involved in COVID-19 pathophysiology and can be exploited as a potential therapeutic target for COVID-19

Discovering of GPCR and GnRHR as SARS-CoV-2 binding receptors, the Scientific Breakthrough that could explain the mystery of its common symptoms with unknown aetiology. In silico research.

A common symptoms of COVID-19 is a change or disorder in hormonal balance and olfactory function which may persist after recovery including COVID-19-related anosmia and hypogonadism. Hormonal problems including Hypogonadism and Hypothyrodism are being observed in patients with Covid-19. Rise in cases of hormonal imbalance post COVID recovery is a cause for concern. Moreover, anosmia is a well-tolerated symptom of COVID-19, but their etiology isn't understood. The studies demonstrated that the new coronavirus could affect the central nervous system through the olfactory bulb or blood circulation. Furthermore, in addition to anosmia or hyposmia induction, as well as taste disorders, the virus may cause hormonal imbalance ,headache, eye-ache, earache, dizziness and hallucination. It was showed that G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) and Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptors (GnRHR), a subtype of GPCR were expressed sufficiently in olfactory region and hypothalamus as well as the lung Herein by using molecular docking and stimulation analysis, we succeeded to elucidate the direct neuroinvasive route of COVID-19 into the nasal epithelium and human brain cells which may lead to anosmia and hormonal imbalance mainly through the olfactory route by direct binding to G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR). Furthermore, we strongly suspect that binding of COVID-19 to the expressed GPCR in the lung is a main cause of ion changing disruption leading to pulmonary edema and failure. Moreover, we confirmed our results by investigating Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptors (GnRHR) as a novel binding receptor of COVID-19. In the current study, we used PatchDock server to conduct a docking study of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein with both of GnHR and GPCR receptor protein. The structure of the crystal structure of the proteins were retrieved from RSCP (https://www.rcsb.org/ ) with accessions numbers (PDB ID 7BR3 and 6P9X respectively. we obtained the crystal structure of spike with accession number (PDB ID: 6VYB). The proteins are downloaded in the pdb format. The spike - receptor protein was investigated to determine the conservative residues of binding of Spike protein with the GnRHR and GPCR proteins in order to discover the ability of Spike to interact with GnRHR and GPCR receptors. We performed Molecular Dynamics (MD) Simulation to investigate the positional and conformational changes of inhibitor molecule in relation to the binding site that provides insight into the binding stability. MD simulation of the complex was carried out with the GROMACS 4.5.4 package using the GROMOS96 43a1 force field .This analysis of simulations of molecular dynamics and molecular docking showed a high affinity between Spike protein and both of GPCR and GnRHR. Results indicated that the spike binds to GNHR with binding energy (-1424.7 k.cal/mol) and to GPCR with binding energy (-1451.8 k.cal/mol). The obtained results confirmed that the native model binds to GPCR with the highest docking score of -1451.8 when compared to the other GNRHR complexes, which have the lowest binding affinity, as evidenced by the docking score of -1424.9.. These results signifies better conjugation of GNRHR to the binding pocket of the spike receptor in the RDB of the spike protein. Comparing the binding free energy of GPCR to GNRHR showed that the GNRHR protein was found to bind to the vital residues in the RBD of the spike protein. But GPCRs protein were found to bind to RDB in other place in chain B of the spike. CONCLUSIONS The COVID-19 entry receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), is not expressed in the receptor of olfactory neurons, or its generation is limited to a minor fraction of these neurons. A change or disorder in hormonal balance and olfactory function is a common symptom of COVID-19, but its aetiology is unknown. SARS-CoV-2 was found to bind strongly and directly to both GPCR and GnRHR which expressed sufficiently in olfactory neurons. As a result, we confirm that COVID-19 could use these receptors as a direct neuroinvasive route into human brain cells, potentially leading to long-term neurological complications and hormonal imbalance via the olfactory route. Our findings may also shed a new light on the mechanism of pulmonary edema in COVID-19 patients. Therefore ,we propose that GPCR and is involved in COVID-19 pathophysiology and can be exploited as a potential therapeutic target for COVID-19.

Respose of Indian gooseberry (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.) to Different Sources of Plant Nutrients

The Indian gooseberry is a monoecious tree and bears a unisexual flower where a high degree of cross-pollination is required for an ideal fruit set as well as better productivity. The fruit set, retention and yield in gooseberry depends on the nutritional and hormonal balance of the tree. The current work is based on the objective to estimate the fruit set, retention, sex ratio and yield in gooseberry after application of a recommended dose of fertilization (RDF) in association with farm yard manure (FYM) and biofertilizers (Azotobacter, Azospirillum and phosphate solubilizing bacteria). The maximum sex ratio was estimated in control (250.22 and 251.09) due to sufficient nitrogen fertilization. However, the highest fruit set, retention percent and yield per tree were reported with the treatment containing three-fourth of RDF in combination with Azotobacter, Azospirillum and PSB (phosphate solubilizing bacteria). Further, it was observed that about 25 to 50% replacement in RDF could be possible through biofertilizer application as a constant source of nutrients to trees.

Estrogen Receptor β Participates in Alternariol-Induced Oxidative Stress in Normal Prostate Epithelial Cells

Alternaria toxins are considered as emerging mycotoxins, however their toxicity has not been fully evaluated in humans. Alternariol (AOH), the most prevalent Alternaria mycotoxin, was previously reported to be genotoxic and to affect hormonal balance in cells; however, its direct molecular mechanism is not known. The imbalance in androgen/estrogen ratio as well as chronic inflammation are postulated as factors in prostate diseases. The environmental agents affecting the hormonal balance might participate in prostate carcinogenesis. Thus, this study evaluated the effect of two doses of AOH on prostate epithelial cells. We observed that AOH in a dose of 10 µM induces oxidative stress, DNA damage and cell cycle arrest and that this effect is partially mediated by estrogen receptor β (ERβ) whereas the lower tested dose of AOH (0.1 µM) induces only oxidative stress in cells. The modulation of nuclear erythroid-related factor 2 (Nrf2) was observed in response to the higher dose of AOH. The use of selective estrogen receptor β (ERβ) inhibitor PHTPP revealed that AOH-induced oxidative stress in both tested doses is partially dependent on activation of ERβ, but lack of its activation did not protect cells against AOH-induced ROS production or DNA-damaging effect in case of higher dose of AOH (10 µM). Taken together, this is the first study reporting that AOH might affect basic processes in normal prostate epithelial cells associated with benign and malignant changes in prostate tissue.

Natural Biostimulant Attenuates Salinity Stress Effects in Chili Pepper by Remodeling Antioxidant, Ion, and Phytohormone Balances, and Augments Gene Expression

A biostimulant is any microorganism or substance used to enhance the efficiency of nutrition, tolerance to abiotic stress and/or quality traits of crops, depending on its contents from nutrients. Plant biostimulants like honey bee (HB) and silymarin (Sm) are a strategic trend for managing stressed crops by promoting nutritional and hormonal balance, regulating osmotic protectors, antioxidants, and genetic potential, reflecting plant growth and productivity. We applied diluted honey bee (HB) and silymarin-enriched honey bee (HB- Sm) as foliar nourishment to investigate their improving influences on growth, yield, nutritional and hormonal balance, various osmoprotectant levels, different components of antioxidant system, and genetic potential of chili pepper plants grown under NaCl-salinity stress (10 dS m‒1). HB significantly promoted the examined attributes and HB-Sm conferred optimal values, including growth, productivity, K+/Na+ ratio, capsaicin, and Sm contents. The antioxidative defense components were significantly better than those obtained with HB alone. Conversely, levels of oxidative stress markers (superoxide ions and hydrogen peroxide) and parameters related to membrane damage (malondialdehyde level, stability index, ionic leakage, Na+, and Cl− contents) were significantly reduced. HB-Sm significantly affects inactive gene expression, as a natural biostimulator silencing active gene expression. SCoT primers were used as proof in salt-treated or untreated chili pepper plants. There were 41 cDNA amplicons selected by SCoT-primers. Twenty of them were EcDNA amplicons (cDNA-amplicons that enhanced their genes by one or more treatments) representing 49% of all cDNA amplicons, whereas 7 amplicons for ScDNA (whose genes were silenced in one or more treatments) represented 17%, and 14 McDNA (monomorphic cDNA-amplicons with control) amplicons were represented by 34% from all cDNA amplicons. This indicates the high effect of BH-Sm treatments in expression enhancement of some inactive genes and their silenced effect for expression of some active genes, also confirming that cDNA-SCoT markers succeeded in detection of variable gene expression patterns between the untreated and treated plants. In conclusion, HB-Sm as a natural multi-biostimulator can attenuate salt stress effects in chili pepper plants by remodeling the antioxidant defense system and ameliorating plant productivity.

Insects as a New Complex Model in Hormonal Basis of Obesity

Nowadays, one of the biggest problems in healthcare is an obesity epidemic. Consumption of cheap and low-quality energy-rich diets, low physical activity, and sedentary work favor an increase in the number of obesity cases within many populations/nations. This is a burden on society, public health, and the economy with many deleterious consequences. Thus, studies concerning this disorder are extremely needed, including searching for new, effective, and fitting models. Obesity may be related, among other factors, to disrupting adipocytes activity, disturbance of metabolic homeostasis, dysregulation of hormonal balance, cardiovascular problems, or disorders in nutrition which may lead to death. Because of the high complexity of obesity, it is not easy to find an ideal model for its studies which will be suitable for genetic and physiological analysis including specification of different compounds’ (hormones, neuropeptides) functions, as well as for signaling pathways analysis. In recent times, in search of new models for human diseases there has been more and more attention paid to insects, especially in neuro-endocrine regulation. It seems that this group of animals might also be a new model for human obesity. There are many arguments that insects are a good, multidirectional, and complex model for this disease. For example, insect models can have similar conservative signaling pathways (e.g., JAK-STAT signaling pathway), the presence of similar hormonal axis (e.g., brain–gut axis), or occurrence of structural and functional homologues between neuropeptides (e.g., neuropeptide F and human neuropeptide Y, insulin-like peptides, and human insulin) compared to humans. Here we give a hint to use insects as a model for obesity that can be used in multiple ways: as a source of genetic and peptidomic data about etiology and development correlated with obesity occurrence as well as a model for novel hormonal-based drug activity and their impact on mechanism of disease occurrence.