Spontaneous Echo Contrast in Descending Aorta Correlates with Low Blood-Flow Velocity in Carotid Arteries and Hemostatic Abnormalities

Aimsidentification the correlates between parameters of tissue Doppler imaging, EF thickness by MRI and biochemical markers of fibrosis and inflammation in patients with nonvalvular AF. Retrospectively to evaluate clinical and instrumental parameters influencing the development of thromboembolic events.Methods.Data analysis was performed on 151 patients with different type of AF. A retrospective analysis included 112patients. 15 (13%) had a history of LAA thrombosis and/or thromboembolic events (stroke, TIA). The prospective analysis included 39patients. We identified groups with idiopathic AF (N = 21), AF with arterial hypertension (N = 18). And also a group with normal or slightly enlarged (4.5 sm) LA s (N = 29), and with LA 4.5 sm (N = 10). Echocardiography with tissue Doppler imaginе and cardiac MRI were performed. The level of: matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2, MMP-9), tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF beta-1), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule (sICAM) was assessed.Results.The following parameters were significantly associated with LA thrombosis and thromboembolic events: age over 50 years (p = 0.001), obesity (p = 0.036), persistent AF (p = 0.003), the phenomenon of spontaneous ECHO contrast in LA (p = 0.03), the blood flow velocity in the LAA less than 30 sm / s (p = 0.005), morphological type III of LAA (p = 0.012). The greatest correlation between the thickness of the EFT and biomarkers was observed relative to: MMP-9 ( =0.65; Tcr= 0.16), TIMP-1 ( = 0.71; Tcr= 0.18) in the group of idiopathic AF; and TGF-beta1 ( = 0.22; Tcr= 0.19) in the general group. The percentage of left atrial myocardial fibrosis was correlated with TIMP-1 levels. There was a correlation between E/e and MMP-9, TIMP-1 in patients with idiopathic AF ( = 0.65; Tcr= 0.16 and = 0.56; Tcr= 0.21 respectively).Conclusion.The increasing levels of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 are associated with epicardial fat thickness by MRI. In addition to CHA2DS2VASc scale, we identified novel predictors of LA thrombosis and/or thromboembolic events, which are: chronic type AF, low LAA blood flow velocity, the phenomenon of spontaneous ECHO contrast in LA and the morphological LAA type III by CT.

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Blood Flow Velocity Pulsatility and Arterial Diameter Pulsatility Measurements of the Intracranial Arteries Using 4D PC-MRI

Neuroinformatics ◽

10.1007/s12021-021-09526-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kees M. van Hespen ◽

Hugo J. Kuijf ◽

Jeroen Hendrikse ◽

Peter R. Luijten ◽

Jaco J. M. Zwanenburg

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Flow Velocity ◽

Blood Flow Velocity ◽

Pulsatility Index ◽

Carotid Arteries ◽

Cardiac Cycle ◽

Internal Carotid ◽

Lumen Area ◽

Intracranial Arteries ◽

Internal Carotid Arteries

Abstract4D phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC-MRI) allows for the visualization and quantification of the cerebral blood flow. A drawback of software that is used to quantify the cerebral blood flow is that it oftentimes assumes a static arterial luminal area over the cardiac cycle. Quantifying the lumen area pulsatility index (aPI), i.e. the change in lumen area due to an increase in distending pressure over the cardiac cycle, can provide insight in the stiffness of the arteries. Arterial stiffness has received increased attention as a predictor in the development of cerebrovascular disease. In this study, we introduce software that allows for measurement of the aPI as well as the blood flow velocity pulsatility index (vPI) from 4D PC-MRI. The internal carotid arteries of seven volunteers were imaged using 7 T MRI. The aPI and vPI measurements from 4D PC-MRI were validated against measurements from 2D PC-MRI at two levels of the internal carotid arteries (C3 and C7). The aPI and vPI computed from 4D PC-MRI were comparable to those measured from 2D PC-MRI (aPI: mean difference: 0.03 (limits of agreement: −0.14 – 0.23); vPI: 0.03 (−0.17–0.23)). The measured blood flow rate for the C3 and C7 segments was similar, indicating that our proposed software correctly captures the variation in arterial lumen area and blood flow velocity that exists along the distal end of the carotid artery. Our software may potentially aid in identifying changes in arterial stiffness of the intracranial arteries caused by pathological changes to the vessel wall.

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Justification of Increasing the Blood Flow Velocity in the Arteries of the Thyroid Gland in Autoimmune Thyroiditis as a Reflection of Endothelial Changes Due to Inflammatory Status

Current Medical Imaging Formerly Current Medical Imaging Reviews ◽

10.2174/1573405613666170921165445 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 61-65

Author(s):

Nataliia I. Chekalina ◽

Yurii H. Burmak ◽

Yeuhen Ye. Petrov ◽

Zinaiida O. Borysova ◽

Tetiana A. Trybrat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Blood Flow ◽

Flow Velocity ◽

Autoimmune Thyroiditis ◽

Blood Flow Velocity ◽

Carotid Arteries ◽

Resistance Index ◽

Systemic Blood Pressure ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

Systemic Blood

Objective: The aim of the research was to determine the dependence of the blood flow velocity in the thyroid arteries in patients with Autoimmune Thyroiditis (AIT) on the presence of atherosclerotic carotid disease and the level of systemic blood pressure. Methods: The research involved 20 patients with AIT in euthyroid state, 30 patients AIT in euthyroid state with stable Coronary Heart Disease (CHD), 30 patients with stable CHD and 30 healthy individuals. Participants of the research were examined using ultrasound of carotid arteries and inferior thyroid arteries. Parameters of blood flow velocity were compared with the level of systemic blood pressure. Results: In AIT peak systolic velocity and resistance index in the inferior thyroid arteries were significantly higher than in healthy individuals and patients with CHD (p<0.05). In patients with CHD velocity parameters in carotid arteries were high, unlike in the healthy individuals and patients with AIT (p<0.05). In patients with AIT without CHD the atherosclerotic changes of carotid arteries were not found. Increased systemic blood pressure was noticed in all patients with CHD without significant differences between groups. Conclusion: The value of peak systolic velocity and resistance index of inferior thyroid arteries in autoimmune thyroiditis are noticed even with euthyroidism and do not depend on systemic blood pressure and atherosclerosis of carotid arteries. Increasing the thyroid arterial blood flow velocity parameters should be considered as sign of an active inflammatory period AIT, where advanced fibrosis is not present.

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The effect of transient balloon occlusion of the mitral valve on left atrial appendage blood flow velocity and spontaneous echo contrast

Clinical Cardiology ◽

10.1002/clc.4960230708 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 23 (7) ◽

pp. 501-506 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jianan Wang ◽

Daniel Chung Ann Choo ◽

Xianglan Zhang ◽

Qian Yang ◽

Tangchao Xian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Mitral Valve ◽

Flow Velocity ◽

Blood Flow Velocity ◽

Left Atrial ◽

Left Atrial Appendage ◽

Balloon Occlusion ◽

Atrial Appendage ◽

Spontaneous Echo Contrast

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The decreased blood flow velocity in the vertebral and internal carotid arteries in hypertensives.

American Journal of Hypertension ◽

10.1016/s0895-7061(99)80719-5 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 199

Author(s):

G DENISOVA

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Flow Velocity ◽

Blood Flow Velocity ◽

Carotid Arteries ◽

Internal Carotid ◽

Internal Carotid Arteries

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Intentional Hypertension During Dissection of Carotid Arteries in Endarterectomy Prevents Postoperative Development of New Cerebral Ischemic Lesions Caused by Intraoperative Microemboli

Neurosurgery ◽

10.1227/neu.0b013e318214abf6 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 69 (2) ◽

pp. 301-307 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Masakazu Kobayashi ◽

Kuniaki Ogasawara ◽

Kenji Yoshida ◽

Makoto Sasaki ◽

Hiroki Kuroda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Blood Flow ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Flow Velocity ◽

Blood Flow Velocity ◽

Carotid Arteries ◽

Carotid Dissection ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Cerebral Ischemic

Abstract BACKGROUND: Low blood flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) correlates with the development of postoperative cerebral ischemic lesions related to generation of microemboli during dissection of carotid arteries in carotid endarterectomy (CEA). OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this prospectively controlled trial was to determine whether increased mean blood flow velocity in the MCA by intentional hypertension during carotid dissection in CEA prevented postoperative development of new cerebral ischemic lesions caused by intraoperative microemboli. METHODS: Patients with ipsilateral internal carotid artery stenosis (>70%) underwent CEA under transcranial Doppler monitoring of mean blood flow velocity and microembolic signals in the ipsilateral MCA. Attempts were made to keep systolic blood pressure during carotid dissection between −10% and +10% of the preoperative value (controls, n = 65) or above a +10% increase (intentional hypertension group, n = 65). RESULTS: Incidence of new ischemic lesions on postoperative diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging was significantly lower in the intentional hypertension group both for all patients (controls, 15.4%; intentional hypertension group, 3.1%; P = .03) and in a subgroup of 37 patients showing microembolic signals during carotid dissection (controls, 52.6%; intentional hypertension group, 11.1%; P = .013). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated the absence of intentional hyperperfusion (95% confidence interval: 1.77-100.00; P = .012) and high number of microembolic signals (95% confidence interval: 1.00-1.62; P = .05) during carotid dissection were significant independent predictors of the postoperative development of new ischemic lesions on diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. CONCLUSION: Increased MCA mean blood flow velocity by intentional hypertension during dissection of the carotid artery in CEA prevents the postoperative development of new cerebral ischemic lesions caused by intraoperative microemboli.

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