Arytenoid Prolapse as a Consequence of Cricotracheal Resection in Children

Cricotracheal resection (CTR) is a technique introduced comparatively recently for treating severe laryngotracheal stenosis in children. The recognized complications of CTR include recurrent laryngeal nerve damage, anastomotic dehiscence, and restenosis. We describe a further complication of CTR, namely, prolapse of the arytenoid cartilage. The presentation may be late, with symptoms of shortness of breath on exertion and nocturnal stertor with a poor sleep pattern, or the prolapse may be an asymptomatic incidental finding. The diagnosis is performed with flexible nasopharyngoscopy with the patient unanesthetized, or with rigid endoscopy with the patient lightly anesthetized and spontaneously ventilating. The affected arytenoid cartilage is noted to prolapse anteriorly and medially with inspiration, partly obstructing the airway. If treatment is required, endoscopic laser partial arytenoidectomy is effective. In a series of 44 children who underwent CTR, 20 were noted to develop arytenoid prolapse after operation. Twelve were asymptomatic, and 8 required laser arytenoidectomy, 2 of whom now require continuous positive airway pressure for moderate supraglottic collapse.