Autonomic Stimulation, Osmolarity and Prostaglandin Effects in the Eustachian Tube

1976 ◽  
Vol 85 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 187-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard T. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Eustachian Tube ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Sphenopalatine Ganglion ◽  
Greater Petrosal Nerve ◽  
Pharmacological Tests ◽  
Radioimmune Assay ◽  
Human Middle Ear ◽  
Pooled Samples ◽  
Stimulation Of

Stimulation of the vidian nerve in the dog induced an apparent vasodilation in the mucosa of the Eustachian tube. It is presumed that these parasympathetic fibers course from the greater petrosal nerve through the vidian to the sphenopalatine ganglion. The pharyngeal nerve arises from the ganglion and innervates the mucosa of the tube. Perfusion of the dog's Eustachian tube with solutions of various osmolarities caused a shrinking or swelling of the tube mucosa. Ten percent alterations in the concentration of saline, Ringer's or isotonic KCl produced a hypo- or hypertonic effect. Systemic administration of osmotic diuretics was shown to remove water from normal and edematous tubal mucosa. An agent in human middle ear effusions was found to contract smooth muscle. The behavior of this agent in pharmacological tests suggested the presence of prostaglandins (PG). The effusions were tested for the presence of other inflammatory mediators such as bradykinin, acetylcholine and histamine. These were felt to be absent or present in small amounts. A radioimmune assay of pooled samples of middle ear effusions revealed the presence of several PG, notably PGF2α and PGE2. There appeared to be a higher concentration of PG in mucoid effusions than serous effusions. The inflammatory capabilities of these agents are mentioned.

Characterization of mucins in human middle ear and Eustachian tube

2001 ◽  
Vol 280 (6) ◽  
pp. L1157-L1167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jizhen Lin ◽  
Vladimir Tsuprun ◽  
Hirokazu Kawano ◽  
Michael M. Paparella ◽  
Zhiqiang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Eustachian Tube ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Chronic Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear Mucosa ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Mucin Expression ◽  
Mucin Genes ◽  
Human Middle Ear

Mucins are important glycoproteins in the mucociliary transport system of the middle ear and Eustachian tube. Little is known about mucin expression within this system under physiological and pathological conditions. This study demonstrated the expression of MUC5B, MUC5AC, MUC4, and MUC1 in the human Eustachian tube, whereas only MUC5B mucin expression was demonstrated in noninflamed middle ears. MUC5B and MUC4 mucin genes were upregulated 4.2- and 6-fold, respectively, in middle ears with chronic otitis media (COM) or mucoid otitis media (MOM). This upregulation of mucin genes was accompanied by an increase of MUC5B- and MUC4-producing cells in the middle ear mucosa. Electron microscopy of the secretions from COM and MOM showed the presence of chainlike polymeric mucin. These data indicate that the epithelium of the middle ear and Eustachian tube expresses distinct mucin profiles and that MUC5B and MUC4 mucins are highly produced and secreted in the diseased middle ear. These mucins may form thick mucous effusion in the middle ear cavity and compromise the function of the middle ear.

Pressure changes in the human middle ear without opening the eustachian tube

2008 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Hans Wilhelm Pau ◽  
Uwe Sievert ◽  
Tino Just ◽  
Jacob Sade
Keyword(s):  
Eustachian Tube ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Human Middle Ear ◽  
Pressure Changes

Pressure changes in the human middle ear without opening the eustachian tube

2009 ◽  
Vol 129 (11) ◽  
pp. 1182-1186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Wilhelm Pau ◽  
Uwe Sievert ◽  
Tino Just ◽  
Jacob Sadé
Keyword(s):  
Eustachian Tube ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Human Middle Ear ◽  
Pressure Changes

Are mucin genes yet to be cloned expressed by human middle ear mucosa?

1998 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hutton ◽  
Birchall ◽  
French ◽  
Kubba ◽  
Severn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ear ◽  
Middle Ear Mucosa ◽  
Mucin Genes ◽  
Human Middle Ear

Proof of concept study using a modified Politzer inflation device as a rescue modality for treating Eustachian tube dysfunction during hyperbaric oxygen treatment in a multiplace (Class A) chamber

2019 ◽  
pp. 55-61
Author(s):  
Owen J. O’Neill ◽  
Elizabeth Smykowski ◽  
Jo Ann Marker ◽  
Lubiha Perez ◽  
drah Gurash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hyperbaric Oxygen ◽  
Eustachian Tube ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Eustachian Tube Dysfunction ◽  
Tube Placement ◽  
Treatment Schedule ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Hyperbaric Treatment ◽  
Middle Ear Pressure ◽  
Tube Dysfunction

Introduction: Eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD) and middle ear barotrauma (MEB) are the most common adverse effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) treatments. Patients practice equalization maneuvers to prevent ETD and MEB prior to hyperbaric exposure. Some patients are still unable to equalize middle ear pressure. This ETD results in undesirable consequences, including barotrauma, treatment with medications or surgical myringotomy with tube placement and interruption of HBO2. When additional medications and myringotomy are employed, they are associated with additional complications. Methods: A device known as the Ear Popper® has been reported to reduce complications from serous otitis media and reduce the need for surgical interventions (myringotomy). Patients unable to equalize middle ear pressure during initial compression in the hyperbaric chamber were allowed to use the device for rescue. All hyperbaric treatments were compressed using a United States Navy TT9, or a 45-fsw hyperbaric treatment schedule. Patients with persistent ETD and the inability to equalize middle ear pressure were given the Ear Popper upon consideration of terminating their treatment. Results: The Ear Popper allowed all patients to successfully equalize middle ear pressure and complete their treatments. Conclusion: This study substantiates the use of this device to assist in allowing pressurization of the middle ear space in patients otherwise unable to achieve equalization of middle ear pressure during HBO2 treatment in a multiplace chamber.

Endothelial Stimulation of Sodium Pump in Cultured Vascular Smooth Muscle

Hypertension ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Redondo ◽  
Concepción Peiró ◽  
Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas ◽  
Mercedes Salaices ◽  
Jesús Marín ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Vascular Smooth Muscle ◽  
Sodium Pump ◽  
Stimulation Of

scholarly journals Stimulation of the interaction between actin and myosin by Physarum caldesmon-like protein and smooth muscle caldesmon.

1991 ◽  
Vol 266 (32) ◽  
pp. 21784-21790
Author(s):  
R. Ishikawa ◽  
T. Okagaki ◽  
S. Higashi-Fujime ◽  
K. Kohama
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Stimulation Of

scholarly journals Salvage Eustachian Tube Cartilage Chip Insertion After Multiple Transnasal Shim Operations in Intractable Patulous Eustachian Tube

2021 ◽  
pp. 014556132199500
Author(s):  
Wei-Ting Lee ◽  
Heng-Jui Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Technique ◽  
Eustachian Tube ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Repeat Surgery ◽  
Ear Infection ◽  
Middle Ear Infection ◽  
Tube Lumen ◽  
Management Method ◽  
Patulous Eustachian Tube

This article presents 2 cases of extremely intractable patulous Eustachian tube following multiple transnasal shim insertion. These cases highlight the disadvantages of repeat transnasal shim operations, including enlargement of the Eustachian tube lumen, frequent dislocation, repeat surgery, recurrent middle ear infection, and shim misswallowing. The patients in these cases were successfully treated with Eustachian tube cartilage chip insertion through a postauricular approach. We describe the surgical technique and advantages of this promising management method.

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