Immune Response of the Endolymphatic Sac to Horseradish Peroxidase: Immunologic Route from the Middle Ear to the Inner Ear

1989 ◽  
Vol 98 (12) ◽  
pp. 975-979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minoru Ikeda ◽  
Claus Morgenstern
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Horseradish Peroxidase ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Endolymphatic Sac ◽  
Local Immune Response ◽  
Frozen Sections ◽  
Response Region

Twenty guinea pigs were immunized with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) intradermally and challenged with 5 mg of the same antigen in the tympanic bulla. The appearance of immunoglobulin-producing cells (plasma cells) in the inner ear structure was examined immunohistochemically in frozen sections. Four to 10 days following antigen challenge, 5 of the 20 animals showed significantly increased plasma cells in the subepithelial connective tissue of the endolymphatic sac (ES). Those cells showed positive reactions, mainly with IgG followed by IgM. The cells that reacted positively with IgA were few. Some of these plasma cells were considered to contain the specific antibody against HRP. The results indicate the role of the ES as a local immune response region for the inner ear complex, as well as the existence of an immunologic route from the middle ear cavity to the inner ear, particularly to the ES.

Inner Ear Damage by Local Immune Response of the Endolymphatic Sac in the Guinea Pig

1991 ◽  
Vol 111 (sup481) ◽  
pp. 176-178
Author(s):  
S. Tomiyama ◽  
M. Nonaka ◽  
Y. Gotou ◽  
T. Yagi
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Endolymphatic Sac ◽  
Local Immune Response ◽  
Inner Ear Damage

The Role of the Endolymphatic Sac in Inner Ear Immunity

1987 ◽  
Vol 103 (5) ◽  
pp. 182-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shunichi Tomiyama ◽  
Jeffrey Harris
Keyword(s):  
Inner Ear ◽  
Endolymphatic Sac

The Role of the Endolymphatic Sac in Inner Ear Immunity

1987 ◽  
Vol 103 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 182-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shunichi Tomiyama ◽  
Jeffrey P. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Inner Ear ◽  
Endolymphatic Sac

RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS LUNG INFECTION IN INFANTS: IMMUNOREGULATORY ROLE OF INFECTED ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 391-391
Author(s):  
Leon S. Greos
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Alveolar Macrophages ◽  
Lung Infection ◽  
Local Immune Response ◽  
Rsv Infection ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Alveolar macrophages are infected by RSV in vivo and coexpress potent immunomodulatory molecules that potentially regulate local immune response or lung injury caused by RSV infection.

Pathophysiologic Findings in the Human Endolymphatic Sac in Endolymphatic Hydrops: Functional and Molecular Evidence

2019 ◽  
Vol 128 (6_suppl) ◽  
pp. 76S-83S ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung Huhn Kim ◽  
Gi-Sung Nam ◽  
Jae Young Choi
Keyword(s):  
Inner Ear ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Endolymphatic Hydrops ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Sensory Epithelium ◽  
Endolymphatic Sac ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Limited Opportunity ◽  
Basic Studies

Background: The endolymphatic sac (ES) is a cystic structure situated on the posterior fossa dura and is connected to the luminal space of the vestibular organ through the endolymphatic duct, which branches into the utricular and saccular ducts. Unlike the cochlea and vestibule, the ES does not contain sensory epithelium in its luminal space, and a single layer of epithelial cells line the luminal surface area. The ES in the inner ear is thought to play a role in the regulation of inner ear homeostasis, fluid volume, and immune reaction. If these functions of the ES are disrupted, dysfunction of the inner ear may develop. The most well-known pathology arising from dysfunction of the ES is endolymphatic hydrops, characterized by an enlarged endolymphatic space due to the accumulation of excessive endolymphatic fluid. Although, molecular identities and functional evidence for the roles were identified in animal studies, basic studies of the human ES are relatively uncommon compared with those using animal tissues, because of limited opportunity to harvest the human ES. Methods: In this study, molecular and functional evidence for the role of the human ES in the development of endolymphatic hydrops are reviewed. Results and Conclusions: Although evidence is insufficient, studies using the human ES have mostly produced findings similar to those of animal studies. This review may provide a basis for planning further studies to investigate the pathophysiology of disorders with the finding of endolymphatic hydrops.

scholarly journals Influence of Middle Ear Immune Response on the Immunological State and Function of the Inner Ear

1992 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 177???181 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Gloddek ◽  
Kerstin Lamm ◽  
K. Haslov
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
And Function

Role of Middle Ear Endotoxin in Inner Ear Inflammatory Response and Hydrops: Long-Term Study

1990 ◽  
Vol 99 (6_suppl) ◽  
pp. 33-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Lim ◽  
Hideyuki Kawauchi ◽  
Thomas F. DeMaria
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Long Term Study

Secondary Immune Response in the Middle Ear: Immunological, Morphological, and Physiological Observations

1986 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 242-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen F. Ryan ◽  
Antonino Catanzaro ◽  
Stephen I. Wasserman ◽  
Jeffrey P. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Eustachian Tube ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin ◽  
Immunohistochemical Localization ◽  
Forced Response ◽  
Mucosal Inflammation ◽  
Secondary Immune Response ◽  
Leukocytic Infiltration

A model of secondary immune response in the middle ear (ME) was developed in the guinea pig. Animals were immunized intradermally with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) and challenged with KLH in the ME 8 weeks later. The ME displayed effusion, mucosal hyperplasia, mucosal edema, and leukocytic infiltration. These responses were maximal at 3 days postchallenge, and persisted for 2 to 3 weeks. High levels of antibody were observed in the ME effusions, and serum titers increased significantly. Immunohistochemical localization of antibody indicated that substantial free IgG was present in the submucosa, with much less in the mucosal epithelium. IgA plasma cells were observed in the submucosa at 1 week postchallenge, but no IgM was detected. In contrast to the response observed in sensitized animals, antigen presented to the ME of unimmunized control animals resulted in no effusion, minimal mucosal inflammation, and little or no antibody in either the ME or serum. However, substantial neutrophilic infiltration of the ME cavity was observed. The effusion and inflammation produced by secondary ME immune responses were not affected by tympanostomy tubes. Eustachian tube function as measured by a forced response test was not affected by ME immune response. This suggests that the immunologically induced effusion was not the result of eustachian tube obstruction. We postulate that increased vascular permeability in the ME mucosa, induced by chemical mediators, resulted in the transudation of serum.

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