Impact of the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Epidemic on the Practice of Laryngology

1993 ◽  
Vol 102 (8_suppl) ◽  
pp. 3-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank E. Lucente
Keyword(s):  
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Sexual Practices ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Practice Of Medicine ◽  
Physical Examinations ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Diverse Groups ◽  
The Impact

In only 10 years, the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome epidemic has already had an enormous impact on many aspects of the practice of medicine. The practice of laryngology typifies the changes that have occurred. Heightened clinical vigilance has been required as the laryngologist encounters new and unusual manifestations of the disease and must take more extensive histories regarding social, behavioral, and sexual practices than were previously necessary. The performance of physical examinations and surgical procedures has also changed as a result of experience with the lethal human immunodeficiency virus. Numerous legal, ethical, and social issues have also been raised by the epidemic and have had a major influence on how medicine is practiced and regulated. In this paper we review the laryngeal and pharyngeal manifestations of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and discuss illustrative patient examples that demonstrate the impact of the disease. We also consider the diverse groups of issues that attend this epidemic and that continue to modify practice patterns.

scholarly journals Impact of intervention programs on nurses’ knowledge, attitudes, and willingness to take care of patients with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: a descriptive review

Medicina ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vida Mockienė ◽  
Tarja Suominen ◽  
Maritta Välimäki ◽  
Artūras Razbadauskas
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Intervention Programs ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Nurses Knowledge

Objective. This paper reviews the current literature on intervention programs designed to improve nurses’ knowledge and attitudes to human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and their willingness to take care of patients with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. It also explores the impact of these intervention programs. Materials and methods. The MEDLINE and Pubmed, Science Direct, Cochrane Library, EbscoHost, ERIC databases were searched for relevant English-language citations between 1997 and 2007 using the following search terms: human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, nurse, intervention, teaching, education, knowledge, attitude, and willingness. Relevant articles were retrieved, reviewed, and assessed. A total of 16 articles were considered appropriate and selected for content analysis. Results. We identified articles that reported on intervention programs to improve nurses’ knowledge and attitudes and their willingness to take care of patients with human immunodeficiency virus/ acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Eight of the intervention studies included lectures among their methods of educational intervention. The nurse sample sizes (n) ranged from 12 to 552. Many of the studies involved one experimental/intervention group and one control group. The intervention programs varied in terms of their methodological rigor. Almost all reported one or more statistically significant effects. Conclusions. The review highlights the need for well-designed, methodologically sound research on outcomes of nursing education. Future studies should examine not only the short-term effectiveness of intervention programs in terms of changing attitudes and increasing willingness to care, but also their impact in the longer term.

Sexual Practices and Intentions Among Preadolescent and Early Adolescent Low-Income Urban African-Americans

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 966-973
Author(s):  
Bonita Stanton ◽  
Xiaoming Li ◽  
Maureen Black ◽  
Izabel Ricardo ◽  
Jennifer Galbraith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Social Influences ◽  
Sexual Practices ◽  
Early Adolescent ◽  
Sexually Active ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Objective. To assess the sexual practices and the social and intrapersonal influences on sexual practices and intentions which have an impact on the risk for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome among pre- and early adolescent, low-income African-American youths. Design. Cross-sectional cohort study conducted in nine recreation centers serving three public housing developments in an eastern city. Participants. Three hundred fifty-one African-American youths 9 to 15 years of age. Outcome measures. Past and intended sexual intercourse, and past and intended condom use determined by a risk assessment instrument delivered aurally and visually via a "talking" MacIntosh computer. Results. The median age was 11 years; 35% of youths had had sexual intercourse and 20% of virgins thought it likely that they would become sexually active in the next six months. Age and male gender were correlated with sexual activity. Of sexually active youths 62% had used a condom during their last episode of coitus and 60% expected to do so at the next episode. Among sexually active youths, 24% of boys and 35% of girls had had anal intercourse. Rates of foreplay (nonpenetrative sex) were low even among sexually active youths. The median number of sexual partners in the past six months was two. Social influences from parents, peers, and partners in an intimate relationship were important for all four sexual outcomes both by univariate analysis and after logistic regression. Implications. A high percentage of the low-income, urban African-American pre- and early adolescents in this study are engaging or intending to engage in high-risk sexual behaviors. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome reduction interventions for early adolescents should incorporate the importance of social influences from multiple sources.

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