The Simplest Government Heuristic of All: Citizens Infer that Governing Parties are Pro-European Union

2020 ◽  
pp. 001041402097022
Author(s):  
James Adams ◽  
Luca Bernardi ◽  
M. Christine Phillips
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
European Integration ◽  
Union Member ◽  
Party Positions ◽  
Election Manifestos ◽  
Party Support ◽  
European Union Member States ◽  
Expert Surveys ◽  
Opposition Parties

Previous research documents that citizens apply a “coalition heuristic” to infer that governing coalition partners share more similar policies and ideologies than are implied by the statements in their election manifestos. We propose even simpler government-related heuristics citizens can apply to infer party positions on European integration: the current government heuristic that currently governing parties are more pro-Europe than opposition parties, and the long-term opposition heuristic that opposition parties that have never governed are less pro-Europe than opposition parties with previous governing experience. We report theoretical and empirical analyses of survey data from 24 European Union member states, which substantiate that citizens apply these heuristics, which have consequences for citizens’ policy beliefs and their party support. We also find evidence that citizens respond to policy as measured through election manifestos and expert surveys.

scholarly journals Ukraine–EU Dialogue: ‘Homework’ on Reforms and Maintenance of Anti-Russian Sanctions

2019 ◽  
pp. 768-771
Author(s):  
Serhii Braha
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
European Integration ◽  
Union Member ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Kerch Strait ◽  
European Union Member States ◽  
The Eu

The article deals with the cooperation between Ukraine and the European Union and the coverage of events by Uriadovyi Kurier. It is noted that in 2019, European integration remains one of the priorities of Ukraine’s foreign policy. As a result, journalists pay considerable attention to various visits, summits, and meetings devoted to the issues of European integration of Ukraine. It is stated that in order to provide objective and timely coverage of these events, Uriadovyi Kurier sent its permanent correspondent to Brussels. The author emphasizes the relevance of such an important problem as Russian disinformation, especially during the 2019 elections in Ukraine and the European Union. It is noted that unlike in the European Union Member States, the spread of fake news and propaganda are part and parcel of the official state policy in Russia. The article substantiates the idea that the expansion of the European Union anti-Russian sanctions occurred after the attack on Ukrainian ships in the Kerch Strait, which took place in November 2018. Uriadovyi Kurier paid attention to this issue by writing about the working visits of then Minister for Foreign Affairs Pavlo Klimkin to informal meetings ‘Ukraine + Friends of Ukraine in the EU’ in Brussels. It is noted that the second meeting of the Brussels UkraineLab was one of the most extensive and notable events related to European integration. Equally is the fact of support for Ukrainian reforms and European integration of Ukraine in the European Parliament. Summing up, the author notes that European integration remains relevant for the new Ukrainian Government. Therefore, Uriadovyi Kurier will continue to monitor and inform its readers about all developments in this area. Keywords: Ukraine, European Union, Russia, sanctions, European integration, Uriadovyi Kurier.

Belgium and the European Union

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edith Drieskens
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
European Integration ◽  
Union Member ◽  
Fundamental Question ◽  
Federal State ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Gradual Process ◽  
The City ◽  
European Union Member States

Belgium is one of the six founding members of European integration, but it is often seen as a special one. In both policy and research, the country is widely known as the “heart of Europe.” It even sells itself to the outside world in this way. This metaphor has a double meaning, a literal and a figurative one. First, Belgium’s capital, Brussels, qualifies as the unofficial capital of the European Union. This meaning is strongly supported by facts, with the city hosting the most numerous and the most important institutions. The second meaning requires more detailed consideration. Indeed, and second, Belgium is perceived to be the most European of all European countries, even prepared to exchange sovereignty for supranationalism at any time and any price. A closer look at data, decisions, and developments shows, however, that while support for European integration is widespread, it is not omnipresent either in time or in place. Particularly in Flanders, the northern part of the country, support has been less obvious than elsewhere. Indeed, to understand Belgium and/in the European Union, one also has to understand the functioning of Belgium as a federal state composed of communities and regions, thus as a system of multilevel governance. While it is not the only federation among European Union member states, it uniquely combines a wide variety of federal characteristics. Most importantly here, the gradual process of federalization that Belgium has experienced has given the federated entities a strong voice in European Union decision-making. Member states still need to speak with one voice, however, resulting in a complex system of coordination and representation. The possibilities and realities of this system have attracted quite a lot of scholarly interest. The same goes for the rather fundamental question of whether the European Union and federated entities should be seen as unintended partners in the hollowing out of the federal state or whether the opposite holds true and the European Union is coming to Belgium’s rescue. The jury is still out on this, though the answer seems to be growing more and more complex as time passes.

Support for European Membership in the new Candidate Countries

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-72
Author(s):  
Solidea Formichelli
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
European Integration ◽  
Economic Model ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Union Member ◽  
European Identity ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Identity Model ◽  
European Union Member States

Is European Membership supported in candidate countries? Up until now a lot has been written on support for European integration and explanations for it within European Union Member States. Considering three candidate countries – Bulgaria, Romania and Turkey – and focusing on the economic calculus of costs and benefits and national-European identity theories, this paper analyses public opinion support for European Membership. The main results, obtained using the Candidate Countries Eurobarometer 2003.4 dataset, and applying a logistic regression model, shown that the economic model better explains the support for European integration than does the identity model. National identity does not affect the support at all; it is not significant in any of the models elaborated.

scholarly journals Projecting Long-Term Care Expenditure in Four European Union Member States: The Influence of Demographic Scenarios

2007 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Costa-Font ◽  
Raphael Wittenberg ◽  
Concepció Patxot ◽  
Adelina Comas-Herrera ◽  
Cristiano Gori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Union Member ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Member States ◽  
European Union Member States

scholarly journals Thermodynamic study of NOx and SO2 formation and possible reduction during Pb waste recycling

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 78-84
Author(s):  
Silvia Demčáková ◽  
Hedviga Horváthová
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Union Member ◽  
Metallurgical Industry ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Economic Boom ◽  
European Union Member States

With the increasing demand for electricity due to the increasing economic boom, there is an excessive production of emissions that natural processes cannot cope with. Fortunately, there are various technological solutions for capturing harmful substances from produced emissions. However, the European Union aims to prevent the formation of emissions in the process of industrial production itself. In order to achieve this, it is necessary to reconcile the interests of individual European Union member states by the implementation of regulations into laws, to monitor short-term and long-term changes in air quality, and also to put into practice increasingly effective methods of capturing emissions from the air. This paper offers an example of thermodynamic calculation of quantities by appropriate software in the process of recycling waste from the metallurgical industry and possibilities of technological improvement in emission reduction.

Ranking of European Union Member States Based on the Level of Knowledge Created by the Research and Development Sector

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-56
Author(s):  
Krystyna Romaniuk
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Knowledge Creation ◽  
Union Member ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Ranking Methods ◽  
Member States ◽  
Management Paradigms ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
European Union Member States

The contemporary era is characterized by revolutionary changes in the economy, technological progress, social and political life. Globalization exerts pressure on businesses and entire economies to increase their competitive strength which is defined as the ability to create knowledge. Knowledge creation and management became the new management paradigms. The responsibility for knowledge creation rests mainly upon the research and development sector. The aim of this study was to rank European Union Member States based on the level of knowledge created by their respective research and development sectors and to identify knowledge creation leaders. The analysis relied on EUROSTAT data for 2007-2011 and linear ranking methods with a reference standard. Our results indicate that Western European and Scandinavian countries are the leaders in the area of knowledge creation.

scholarly journals A Cross-Country Measurement of the EU Bioeconomy: An Input–Output Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3033
Author(s):  
Kutay Cingiz ◽  
Hugo Gonzalez-Hermoso ◽  
Wim Heijman ◽  
Justus H. H. Wesseler
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Union Member ◽  
National Income ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Income Share ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
European Union Member States ◽  
The Eu

This paper measures the development of the national income share of the bioeconomy for 28 European Union Member States (MS) and 16 industries of BioMonitor scope from 2005 to 2015. The paper proposes a model which includes the up- and downstream linkages using Input-Output tables. The results show that for the majority of the MS the value added of the up- and downstream sector is at the band of 40%–50% of the total bioeconomy value added and has on average increased since the financial crisis.

scholarly journals Castaño avoids a clash between the ECtHR and the CJEU, but erodes Soering. Thinking human rights transnationally

2020 ◽  
pp. 203228442097974
Author(s):  
Sibel Top ◽  
Paul De Hert
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Union Member ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
European Court ◽  
Criminal Matters ◽  
European Union Member States

This article examines the changing balance established by the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) between human rights filters to extradition and the obligation to cooperate and how this shift of rationale brought the Court closer to the position of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) in that respect. The article argues that the ECtHR initially adopted a position whereby it prioritised human rights concerns over extraditions, but that it later nuanced that approach by establishing, in some cases, an obligation to cooperate to ensure proper respect of human rights. This refinement of its position brought the ECtHR closer to the approach adopted by the CJEU that traditionally put the obligation to cooperate above human rights concerns. In recent years, however, the CJEU also backtracked to some extent from its uncompromising attitude on the obligation to cooperate, which enabled a convergence of the rationales of the two Courts. Although this alignment of the Courts was necessary to mitigate the conflicting obligations of European Union Member States towards both Courts, this article warns against the danger of making too many human rights concessions to cooperation in criminal matters.

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