scholarly journals A Cross-Country Measurement of the EU Bioeconomy: An Input–Output Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3033
Author(s):  
Kutay Cingiz ◽  
Hugo Gonzalez-Hermoso ◽  
Wim Heijman ◽  
Justus H. H. Wesseler
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Union Member ◽  
National Income ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Income Share ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
European Union Member States ◽  
The Eu

This paper measures the development of the national income share of the bioeconomy for 28 European Union Member States (MS) and 16 industries of BioMonitor scope from 2005 to 2015. The paper proposes a model which includes the up- and downstream linkages using Input-Output tables. The results show that for the majority of the MS the value added of the up- and downstream sector is at the band of 40%–50% of the total bioeconomy value added and has on average increased since the financial crisis.

scholarly journals The C-inefficiency of the EU-VAT and what can be done about it

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sijbren Cnossen
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Union Member ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Member States ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Administrative Capacity ◽  
A Value ◽  
The Common ◽  
European Union Member States ◽  
The Eu

AbstractIt is widely agreed that in countries without major constraints on administrative capacity, a value-added tax (VAT) should tax all goods and services at a uniform rate. In these countries, VAT’s C-efficiency, that is, actual revenue over potential revenue, should be one if compliance is perfect. Under this approach, VAT’s C-inefficiency—the aggregate of the policy gap (exemptions, reduced rates, thresholds) and the compliance gap (revenue shortfalls due to laps in compliance and implementation)—is treated as a residual. This contribution shows that calculating VAT’s C-inefficiency independently of its C-efficiency produces a more telling benchmark, particularly of the policy gap. This is illustrated by an analysis of the revenues of the Dutch VAT, which, given the common VAT directive, should be representative of the VATs in other European Union Member States. The large policy gap, hovering around 0.50, forms the background for exploring three options to improve VAT’s performance: reforming the common directive, ceding VAT design to Member States, and introducing a common modern VAT which can be piggybacked by Member States.

scholarly journals Russian-German initiative tackles infectious diseases

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
Author(s):  
Collective Editorial team
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Member State ◽  
Union Member ◽  
Member States ◽  
Transnational Cooperation ◽  
European Union Member States ◽  
The Eu

Transnational cooperation is often essential when dealing with infectious diseases, and one challenge facing European Union Member States is finding ways to collaborate with partners outside the EU. An example of one Member State doing just this is the Koch-Metschnikow-Forum (KMF).

Comparison of Regulatory Requirements for Pharmaceuticals in Non- European Union Member States Kosovo, Ukraine and Serbia

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
Shivani Jani ◽  
Nilesh Patel ◽  
Urvi Chotaliya ◽  
Ashok Patel
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Union Member ◽  
Regulatory Requirements ◽  
Member States ◽  
Registration Process ◽  
Eu Membership ◽  
Regulatory Guidelines ◽  
Small Countries ◽  
European Union Member States ◽  
The Eu

Background: Literature review suggested that regulatory guidelines should be harmonized for better processing of applications and for the upliftment of the regulatory field. Therefore it was thought worthwhile to compare the guidelines for countries where there is requirement of harmonization. Kosovo, Ukraine and Serbia were selected because of being European countries and still they are not a part of EU. Introduction: Kosovo, Ukraine and Serbia are small countries of Europe but they are not members of European Union. They have their own guidelines for the submission of MAA for marketing of pharmaceuticals and medical devices. They are trying to obtain the EU membership and therefore it was worthwhile to compare the guidelines of these countries. Method: The registration process of pharmaceuticals in Kosovo, Ukraine and Serbia was studied throughly. Along with it, the guidelines for European Union were also studied. A comparison of guidelines of all the three countries with the guidelines of European Union for pharmaceuticals was carried out. Result: The comparison of guidelines showed that there are still some changes needed in the guidelines of Kosovo, Ukraine and Serbia before they can merge with the guidelines of European Union. Some of the points in the guidelines are very different from the guidelines of EU. Conclusion: So it was worthwile to study the regulatory requirements of pharmaceuticals in Non- European Union Member States Kosovo, Ukraine and Serbia.

Independence: In or Out of Europe? An Independent Scotland and the European Union

2000 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Happold
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Union Member ◽  
Nation State ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Level ◽  
Question Mark ◽  
National Governments ◽  
European Union Member States ◽  
The Eu

There is a question mark over the future of the nation-state in Europe. National monetary policy has been transferred to the European level in most European Union member States. Over the next ten years the EU will have a stronger role in defence and foreign policy, immigration and law enforcement. The very policies that supposedly define the concept of national sovereignty are no longer the exclusive domain of national governments.

scholarly journals Ukraine–EU Dialogue: ‘Homework’ on Reforms and Maintenance of Anti-Russian Sanctions

2019 ◽  
pp. 768-771
Author(s):  
Serhii Braha
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
European Integration ◽  
Union Member ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Kerch Strait ◽  
European Union Member States ◽  
The Eu

The article deals with the cooperation between Ukraine and the European Union and the coverage of events by Uriadovyi Kurier. It is noted that in 2019, European integration remains one of the priorities of Ukraine’s foreign policy. As a result, journalists pay considerable attention to various visits, summits, and meetings devoted to the issues of European integration of Ukraine. It is stated that in order to provide objective and timely coverage of these events, Uriadovyi Kurier sent its permanent correspondent to Brussels. The author emphasizes the relevance of such an important problem as Russian disinformation, especially during the 2019 elections in Ukraine and the European Union. It is noted that unlike in the European Union Member States, the spread of fake news and propaganda are part and parcel of the official state policy in Russia. The article substantiates the idea that the expansion of the European Union anti-Russian sanctions occurred after the attack on Ukrainian ships in the Kerch Strait, which took place in November 2018. Uriadovyi Kurier paid attention to this issue by writing about the working visits of then Minister for Foreign Affairs Pavlo Klimkin to informal meetings ‘Ukraine + Friends of Ukraine in the EU’ in Brussels. It is noted that the second meeting of the Brussels UkraineLab was one of the most extensive and notable events related to European integration. Equally is the fact of support for Ukrainian reforms and European integration of Ukraine in the European Parliament. Summing up, the author notes that European integration remains relevant for the new Ukrainian Government. Therefore, Uriadovyi Kurier will continue to monitor and inform its readers about all developments in this area. Keywords: Ukraine, European Union, Russia, sanctions, European integration, Uriadovyi Kurier.

scholarly journals Evironmental Tax. Are Vehicle Registers in the EU Prepared?

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 273-282
Author(s):  
Petr David ◽  
Vojtěch Schiller
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Union Member ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Environmental Tax ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Foreseeable Future ◽  
Negative Externalities ◽  
European Union Member States ◽  
Research Show ◽  
The Eu

The market system is unavailable to reflect negative externalities, caused by road motor traffic, in the realized prices. For that purpose, it would be appropriate to implement a general environmental road tax in the European Union member states. The question is whether the national registers of vehicles are prepared for such a change. Whether this is the case at present, may be found out by means of analyses of the available national registers. The next step is synthetic: the data must be subsequently completed on the basis of the knowledge of needs of currently existing systems of road motor vehicles taxation. In the end, the identified results may be supplemented with the known data published by international institutions. The results of the research show that the present systems of road motor vehicles taxation are utterly different and distortive. Only 12 countries of the European Union have registers which were clearly identified as prepared for the application of the environmental tax. Registers of the remaining countries do not contain one or more data that are necessary for the implementation of the environmental tax. For this reason we may assume that regardless of other determinants, environmental road tax shall not be introduced throughout the European Union in the foreseeable future.

scholarly journals The formation of interstate and cross-border scientific-educational and innovative spaces between Ukraine and the European Union member states in the digital economy

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viacheslav Lyashenko ◽  
Iryna Pidorycheva
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Union Member ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
High Tech ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Association Agreement ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
European Union Member States ◽  
The Eu

By signing the Association Agreement between the EU and Ukraine, Ukraine has demonstrated its intention and willingness to integrate into the system of formal institutions of the EU, to adopt the EU rules, norms, and practices, which will enable Ukraine to achieve significant economic benefits. One of those benefits is the opportunity to build a true scientific-educational and innovative partnership with the EU Member States within the European Research Area. This study considers opportunities and perspectives of creating an interstate and cross-border scientific-educational and innovative spaces between Ukraine as an associated country and the European Union Member States taking into account key priorities of the ERA and rapidly growing impact of digital technologies. Particular attention has been given to the establishment of a common Polish-Ukrainian scientific-educational space which could be complemented by the entrepreneurial component. The article has identified opportunities, existing prerequisites, directions, and priorities for building Polish-Ukrainian spaces. It has also defined the challenges of formation the European interstate and cross-border scientific-educational and innovative spaces as a whole. It has been suggested to develop hereinafter an interstate and cross-border high-tech clusters based on the interstate and cross-border scientific-educational and innovative spaces. The scheme and the main steps of formation a cross-border cluster of nano- and biotechnologies are proposed.

scholarly journals The EU and national sovereignty: the encounter of two concepts of sovereignty. Change or continuity?

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aistė Deimantaitė
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Union Member ◽  
European Countries ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Verbal Expression ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
The Public ◽  
Strategic Narratives ◽  
European Union Member States ◽  
The Eu

The article aims to examine and critically evaluate the idea of sovereignty and the nuances of its verbal expression through the concept of strategic narratives, to reveal different models of sovereignty within the context of European Union Member States (mainly France, Hungary/Poland) and the European Union (EU) since 2017. The article seeks to answer the following questions: What idea of sovereignty has been projected to the public in selected European countries and the EU by their political actors since 2017? What model, functional limits and narratives do actors forge?

scholarly journals REVISION OF THE PACKAGE TRAVEL DIRECTIVE AND ITS INFLUENCE ON THE CROATIAN TOURSIM LAW

2018 ◽  
pp. 73-89
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Consumer Protection ◽  
Union Member ◽  
Member States ◽  
Travel Services ◽  
Package Travel ◽  
European Union Member States ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
The Eu

The paper explores normative substance of the new Package Travel Directive (2015/2302/EU) and its influence on the Croatian Tourism Law. The new Directive was adopted on 25 November 2015, European Union Member States had to transpose it by 1 January 2018 and it is applicable from 1 July 2018. Internet as increasingly important medium for travel services resulted in surge of various forms of customized travel arrangements and rendered provisions of the old Directive obsolete to the needs modern tourist market. Although 23% of EU travellers still purchase traditional, pre-arranged packages, more and more either buy different parts of their trips separately or buy customized holidays, which are put together by one or more commercially linked traders to suit their needs and preferences. Vast majority of travellers buying packages and linked travel arrangements are consumers within the meaning of the EU Consumer Protection Law. Thus, new Package Travel Directive should result in the enhancement of the consumer protection. New legislation will extend protection of the of the 1990 EU Package Travel Directive to cover not only traditional package holidays, but also give clear protection to 120 million consumers who book other forms of combined travel. Scope of the new Package Travel Directive is substantially wider than the scope of the old Directive. The new Package Travel Directive applies to packages offered for sale or sold by traders to travellers and to linked travel arrangements facilitated by traders for travellers. The new Directive broadens the concept of package and now will apply to different sorts of travel combinations: pre-arranged packages; customised packages and linked travel arrangements. This paper elaborates on normative and substantive influence of the new Directive in Croatian Tourism Law. Following comparative legal overview current Croatian legislation of package travel including applicable sections of the Civil Obligations Act will be inspected.

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