Trends in State Correction: Juveniles and the Violent Young Offender

1979 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert D. Vinter
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Justice ◽  
Violent Crime ◽  
State Policy ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Correlational Analysis ◽  
Young Offenders ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Young Offender ◽  
Status Offenders ◽  
Slight Rise

Formulation and implementation of rational and responsive juvenile correctional policies continue to present serious problems for state governments. Institutionalization trends are reported for the nation over the 1970-74 period: There was a decrease for juveniles and only a slight rise for adults (with sharp rises for adults in more recent years). Correlational analysis is used to examine associations over this period between the fifty states' rates of juvenile and adult institutionalization and levels of four crime categories (total index, violent, property, and burglary). No associa tions are found between states' crime and juvenile institutionalization rates. Associations are found between states' crime and adult institu tionalization rates; for each of these years, the correlation is strongest for violent crime. It is argued that state juvenile justice policies and practices impede rational assignment of young offenders according to severity of offense or degree of risk. Youths who commit violent and other serious crimes are typically mixed in all kinds of facilities with large proportions of misdemeanants and status offenders. Explanations of these nonrational patterns are offered along with suggestions for ways of improving state policy making and implementation.

Examining the Needs of Youth in Secure Custody: Why We Need to “Recreate the Wheel” in Canadian Juvenile Justice*

1989 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 675-679
Author(s):  
Alan W. Leschied ◽  
Ken E. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Justice ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Young Offenders ◽  
Young Offender ◽  
Considerable Variability ◽  
Rehabilitation Treatment ◽  
History Data ◽  
Background History ◽  
Young Offenders Act

The current study reviews the personal characteristics of 32 consecutive admissions to a secure custody centre in one southwest Ontario jurisdiction under the Young Offenders Act. Results indicated that there was considerable variability amongst the group regarding court history and the seriousness of the charge on which committal was made. Background history data suggested that the problems of youths committed to secure custody reflect considerable difficulties within families and school. The discussion questions whether the youths in this group are better served through the dispositions emphasizing custody-deterrence or rehabilitation-treatment. Implications for young offender policy are also presented.

Partisanship and tax competition in the American states

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Davis ◽  
Sean Nicholson-Crotty
Keyword(s):  
State Policy ◽  
Tax Competition ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
The Political ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Cigarette Taxes ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Political Costs ◽  
American States

AbstractExisting research identifies partisan differences in taxing choices made by state governments. Research has also found that, even when controlling for intrastate characteristics such as party, jurisdictions respond to the taxing decisions of their neighbours, particularly when citizens can easily cross-border shop. These studies treat political and competitive factors as independent influences on taxes. We suggest they are more likely to interact in taxing decisions. We argue that the political costs of cross-border shopping are higher for Republicans, and the threat of it should have a greater negative impact on taxes when that party controls major state policy-making institutions. Our analyses of state cigarette taxes between 1980 and 2011 confirm that a higher threat of cross-border shopping has a larger negative impact on taxes under Republican governors. We conclude that, by missing the interaction between partisanship and the threat of fiscal mobility, previous work misestimates key influences on tax competition.

Policy analysis in state governments in Mexico

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan C. Olmeda
Keyword(s):  
Policy Analysis ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
State Level ◽  
Executive Branch ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Mexican State ◽  
Policy Making Process ◽  
Mexican Politics

State governments have acquired a central role in Mexican politics and policy making during the last decades as a result of both democratization and decentralization. Nowadays state governments not only concentrate a significant portion of prerogatives and responsibilities in terms of service delivery but also control a substantial share of public spending. However, no systematic studies have been developed in order to understand how state governments function. This chapter provides an overview on how policies are crafted at the subnational (state) level in Mexico, the main actors taking place in the process and the way in which professional knowledge and advice influence policy makers. As it argues, the central role in the policy making process is played by the executive branch, being the governors the ones who have the final word in most important decisions. In addition, secretaries also concentrate power in particular policy areas. As a result of the lack of a professional civil service, however, a significant portion of policy analysis is performed by non-governmental actors (universities, NGOs and private firms). The chapter applies this framework to analyze a particular Mexican state, namely Mexico City.

Alternatives to Youth Imprisonment: Evaluating the Victorian Youth Attendance Order

1996 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reece Walters
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Justice ◽  
Community Services ◽  
Young Offenders ◽  
Juvenile Incarceration ◽  
Legal Studies ◽  
National Centre ◽  
The Future ◽  
High Tariff ◽  
Serious Offenders ◽  
The Impact

On 22 June 1988 the then Minister for Community Services Victoria, Race Matthews, officially launched the Youth Attendance Order (YAO), a high tariff alternative for young offenders aged between 15 and 18 years who were facing a term of detention. Throughout the order's gestation, much debate occurred about the impact it would have on rates of juvenile incarceration as well as about the potential ‘net widening’ effect it could have on less serious offenders. In May 1994 the National Centre For Socio-Legal Studies at La Trobe University submitted its report evaluating the Victorian Youth Attendance Order. This article presents some of the major findings of that report and examines the future options for this high tariff order in juvenile justice.

Juvenile Justice and Young Offenders: A Canadian Overview

2014 ◽  
pp. 107-136
Author(s):  
John Winterdyk ◽  
Anne Miller
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Justice ◽  
Young Offenders

scholarly journals KONSEP HIJAU: PENERAPAN GREEN CONSTITUTION DAN GREEN LEGISLATION DALAM RANGKA ECO-DEMOCRACY

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eko Nurmardiansyah
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
State Policy ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Environmental Awareness ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Human Relationship ◽  
Green Is ◽  
Global Discourse

<p><strong><em>Abstract </em></strong></p><p><em>Green principle is</em><em> to be understood</em><em> </em><em>as </em><em>a commitment to the environment</em><em>. It is p</em><em>art of a broader ideology that p</em><em>laces</em><em> human relationship with the natural world </em><em>at the center.</em> <em>Green is a process, not a status, a verb, not an adjective. </em><em> Good environmental awareness become an important and urget global discourse.</em><em> Eco</em><em>-</em><em>crasy should be</em><em>come</em><em> the guiding</em><em> principle informing Indonesian’</em><em> state policy making (political law) in environmental protection and management.</em><em>  However, the concept of Eco-crasy should be further spelled out into a </em><em>green constitution, green legislation</em><em>s</em><em> and green budgeting.</em></p>

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