How Green Is Their Latte Now?

This chapter investigates whether sustainability practices of one of the leaders of the coffee industry, Starbucks, have changed during the COVID-19 pandemic as compared to the period before the virus outbreak. In particular, the authors ask which dimensions, or sub-dimensions, of sustainability in particular have been cut off first. Secondary data in the form of industry and company reports, websites, as well as research articles has been used. The findings of this study are particularly important for practitioners and researchers interested in changes in the coffee market, corporate sustainability, and consumer behavior, particularly during a systemic crisis, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. The topic is very current, and high-quality interdisciplinary research on a continuously deepening crisis with an unknown expiration date promises value-added potential, much more than “filling a gap” in the literature.

How Green Is Sugarcane Ethanol?

Biofuels offer one approach for reducing carbon emissions. However, the necessary agricultural expansion may endanger tropical forests. I use a dynamic model of land use to disentangle the roles of acreage and yields in the supply of sugarcane ethanol in Brazil. The model is estimated using remote sensing (satellite) information of sugarcane activities. Estimates imply that, at the margin, 92% of new ethanol comes from increases in area and only 8% from increases in yield. Direct deforestation accounts for 19% of area expansion at the margin in the long-run. I further assess carbon emissions and deforestation implications from ethanol policies.

Polychrome arhat figures dated from the Song Dynasty (960–1279 CE) at the Lingyan Temple, Changqing, Shandong, China

Scientific analysis revealed the materials and techniques used in the process of making polychrome sculptures providing a solid foundation for the protection and restoration of the painted statues. In addition, the analyses revealed changes in colour schemes applied to the sculptures can provide the basis for the virtual restoration of the painted statues. In order to carry out scientifically-informed protection and restoration of the Bodhidharma statue from the Lingyan Temple, Changqinq, Shandong, several analytical methods such as optical microscope (OM), Micro-Raman spectroscopy (μ-RS), scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM–EDS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were employed. Analyses clearly reveal the information including the stratigraphic structure and the composition of pigment. The use of silver foils and golden yellow pyrophyllite mineral to replace gold foils were found in the gilding paint layer in the later repainting after the Song Dynasty. This work reports the coexistence of emerald green (Cu(C2H3O2)2·3Cu(AsO2)2) and the degradation product lavendulan (NaCaCu5(AsO4)4Cl·5H2O) in large areas of the paint stratigraphy and on the surface confirming that the degradation of emerald green is related to the thickness of the paint layer; in thinner paint layers emerald green is transformed in lavendulan, while thicker layers of contain both lavendulan and emerald green, suggesting an environmental source of chlorides.

779 USE OF INDOCYANINE GREEN TO ASSESS THE CORRECT VASCULARIZATION OF GASTROPLASTY IN MCKWEON ESOPHAGECTOMY

Cervical anastomostic leakage in esophageal surgery is one of the most serious complications and its incidence is 10–30% according to series. ndocyanine green is being used in multitude of surgical procedures in colorectal and hepatobiliary surgery. In this video we try to prove its usefulness to assess the adequate vascularization of the gastroplasty with the aim of reducing anastomotic leak due to not-well perfusion. Methods A left lateral cervicotomy was performed and proximal esophagus was divided. Then a handsewn purse-string suture was performed and the anvil of CEA 25 stapler was introduced into the esophagus. Gastroplasty was performed with endoGIA section by minilaparotomy. An intravenous infussion of Indocyanine green was used to assess the vascularization "in situ" of the gastroplasty. The gastroplasty was pull up through the retrosternal space and when the plasty was positioned in a correct way, the optimal site for the anastomosis was chosen. Mechanical T-L anastomosis with CEA 25 stapler was performed and it was covered with an omental flap. Video https://drive.google.com/file/d/1kqmNzJCdlJFOcxKBYRp0jamoHz6Gwgt7/view?usp=sharing.