RETRACTED: Effects of Violent Media on Verbal Task Performance in Gifted and General Cohort Children

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 279-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yakup Çetin ◽  
Jonathan Wai ◽  
Cengiz Altay ◽  
Brad J. Bushman
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Verbal Task ◽  
Violent Media

A Symbolic Interactionist Approach to Self-Referent Behavior

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Touhey
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Verbal Task ◽  
Absolute Accuracy ◽  
Symbolic Interactionist ◽  
Arithmetic Task ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Accuracy Of Prediction ◽  
Interactionist Approach ◽  
Differential Access

A preliminary study designed to illustrate the determinants of accurate self-referent behavior was conducted. Ss predicted their individual performances on arithmetic, verbal, and clerical tasks. After the prediction each task was performed for 3 min. Findings were: (1) Ss predicted their verbal task performance with moderate accuracy ( r = .55, p < .01), (2) the arithmetic task was less accurately predicted ( r = .29, p < .05), and (3) the clerical task was not predicted. Ss employed consistent estimates and were consistently accurate across verbal and arithmetic tasks but not over either one of these two tasks and the clerical task. Absolute accuracy of prediction was not correlated across any task pairs. The findings are interpreted as functions of differential access to the symbolic acts required to predict one's own behavior accurately.

Musical Imagery and the Planning of Dynamics and Articulation During Performance

2012 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Bishop ◽  
Freya Bailes ◽  
Roger T. Dean
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Auditory Feedback ◽  
Verbal Task ◽  
Musical Imagery ◽  
Musical Expertise ◽  
Expressive Performance ◽  
Performance Conditions ◽  
Normal Performance

Musicians anticipate the effects of their actions during performance. Online musical imagery, or the consciously accessible anticipation of desired effects, may enable expressive performance when auditory feedback is disrupted and help guide performance when it is present. This study tested the hypotheses that imagery 1) can occur concurrently with normal performance, 2) is strongest when auditory feedback is absent but motor feedback is present, and 3) improves with increasing musical expertise. Auditory and motor feedback conditions were manipulated as pianists performed melodies expressively from notation. Dynamic and articulation markings were introduced into the score during performance and pianists indicated verbally whether the markings matched their expressive intentions while continuing to play their own interpretation. Expression was similar under auditory-motor (i.e., normal feedback) and motor-only (i.e., no auditory feedback) performance conditions, and verbal task performance suggested that imagery was stronger when auditory feedback was absent. Verbal task performance also improved with increasing expertise, suggesting a strengthening of online imagery.

scholarly journals The Effect of Verbal Task on Vigilance Task Performance

2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 289-296
Author(s):  
Kenta YAMADA ◽  
Shinnosuke USUI
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Vigilance Task ◽  
Verbal Task

Focused Attention in the Context of Irrelevant Speech

1998 ◽  
Vol 42 (11) ◽  
pp. 806-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tonya Smith-Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Irrelevant Speech ◽  
Verbal Task ◽  
Focused Attention ◽  
Continuous Speech ◽  
Subjective Workload ◽  
Open Plan ◽  
Nasa Tlx ◽  
Tellegen Absorption Scale

The purpose of this study was to examine individual differences in focused attention and the influence of these differences on verbal task performance under conditions in which irrelevant speech was present. Subjective workload was also examined (using the NASA TLX, Hart and Staveland, 1984). Fifty-four participants performed three editing task trials under quiet, discontinuous, and continuous speech conditions. The Task Absorption subscale of the Expanded Tellegen Absorption Scale (Jackson, Klein, Reeth, and Waters, 1997) was also administered. Significant differences were found within conditions between High and Low Task Absorbers. The importance of focused attention in the open-plan office is discussed.

Effects of Concurrent Manual Task Performance on Connected Speech Acoustics in Individuals With Parkinson Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 2099-2117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason A. Whitfield ◽  
Zoe Kriegel ◽  
Adam M. Fullenkamp ◽  
Daryush D. Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Speech Production ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Task Condition ◽  
Connected Speech ◽  
Speech Acoustics ◽  
Single Task ◽  
Manual Task ◽  
Task Conditions

Purpose Prior investigations suggest that simultaneous performance of more than 1 motor-oriented task may exacerbate speech motor deficits in individuals with Parkinson disease (PD). The purpose of the current investigation was to examine the extent to which performing a low-demand manual task affected the connected speech in individuals with and without PD. Method Individuals with PD and neurologically healthy controls performed speech tasks (reading and extemporaneous speech tasks) and an oscillatory manual task (a counterclockwise circle-drawing task) in isolation (single-task condition) and concurrently (dual-task condition). Results Relative to speech task performance, no changes in speech acoustics were observed for either group when the low-demand motor task was performed with the concurrent reading tasks. Speakers with PD exhibited a significant decrease in pause duration between the single-task (speech only) and dual-task conditions for the extemporaneous speech task, whereas control participants did not exhibit changes in any speech production variable between the single- and dual-task conditions. Conclusions Overall, there were little to no changes in speech production when a low-demand oscillatory motor task was performed with concurrent reading. For the extemporaneous task, however, individuals with PD exhibited significant changes when the speech and manual tasks were performed concurrently, a pattern that was not observed for control speakers. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.8637008

The Influence of Emotionally Relevant Context on the Evoked Cardiac Response Triggered by an Irrelevant Stimulus

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Kuniecki ◽  
Robert Barry ◽  
Jan Kaiser
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Auditory Stimulus ◽  
Irrelevant Stimulus ◽  
Cardiac Response ◽  
Mental Task ◽  
Negative Valence ◽  
Cardiac Deceleration ◽  
Relevant Context ◽  
Stimulus Valence ◽  
Affective Stimulus

Abstract The effect of stimulus valence was examined in the evoked cardiac response (ECR) elicited by the exposition of neutral and negative slides as well as by an innocuous auditory stimulus presented on the affective foregrounds generated by the slides. The exposition of the aversive slide produced prolonged cardiac deceleration in comparison with the neutral slide. Similar prolonged deceleration accompanied exposition of the neutral auditory stimulus on the negative visual foreground in comparison with the neutral foreground. We interpret these results as an autonomic correlate of extended stimulus processing associated with the affective stimulus. The initial deceleration response, covering two or three slower heart beats, may be prolonged for several seconds before HR reaches the baseline level again. In such a case the evoked cardiac deceleration can be functionally divided into two parts: the reflexive bradycardia (ECR1) elicited by neutral stimuli and a late decelerative component (LDC). We can speculate that the latter is associated with an additional voluntary continuation of processing of the stimulus. This must involve some cognitive aspect different from the mental task performance which leads to the accelerative ECR2, and we suggest that processing of a stimulus with negative valence is involved in generating the LDC.

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