Mitigating the Costs of Spatial Transformations With a Situation Awareness Augmented Reality Display: Assistance for the Joint Terminal Attack Controller 3-17

2021 ◽  
pp. 001872082110224
Author(s):  
Christopher D. Wickens ◽  
Domenick Mifsud ◽  
Richi Rodriguez ◽  
Francisco R. Ortega
Keyword(s):  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Mental Rotation ◽  
Situation Awareness ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Spatial Relations ◽  
Slant Angle ◽  
Spatial Transformations ◽  
Head Mounted Display ◽  
The North ◽  
Cognitive Principles

Objective Evaluate and model the advantage of a situation awareness (SA) supported by an augmented reality (AR) display for the ground-based joint terminal attack Controller (JTAC), in judging and describing the spatial relations between objects in a hostile zone. Background The accurate world-referenced description of relative locations of surface objects, when viewed from an oblique slant angle (aircraft, observation post) is hindered by (1) the compression of the visual scene, amplified at a lower slang angle, (2) the need for mental rotation, when viewed from a non-northerly orientation. Approach Participants viewed a virtual reality (VR)-simulated four-object scene from either of two slant angles, at each of four compass orientations, either unaided, or aided by an AR head-mounted display (AR-HMD), depicting the scene from a top-down (avoiding compression) and north-up (avoiding mental rotation) perspective. They described the geographical layout of four objects within the display. Results Compared with the control condition, that condition supported by the north-up SA display shortened the description time, particularly on non-northerly orientations (9 s, 30% benefit), and improved the accuracy of description, particularly for the more compressed scene (lower slant angle), as fit by a simple computational model. Conclusion The SA display provides large, significant benefits to this critical phase of ground-air communications in managing an attack—as predicted by the task analysis of the JTAC. Application Results impact the design of the AR-HMD to support combat ground-air communications and illustrate the magnitude by which basic cognitive principles “scale up” to realistically simulated real-world tasks such as search and rescue.

Augmented Reality Procedure Assistance System for Operator Training and Simulation

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 1176-1180
Author(s):  
Eugene Hayden ◽  
Kang Wang ◽  
Chengjie Wu ◽  
Shi Cao
Keyword(s):  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Situation Awareness ◽  
Mental Workload ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Task Completion ◽  
Operator Training ◽  
Head Mounted Display ◽  
Subject Design ◽  
Procedural Tasks ◽  
Speed Accuracy

This study explores the design, implementation, and evaluation of an Augmented Reality (AR) prototype that assists novice operators in performing procedural tasks in simulator environments. The prototype uses an optical see-through head-mounted display (OST HMD) in conjunction with a simulator display to supplement sequences of interactive visual and attention-guiding cues to the operator’s field of view. We used a 2x2 within-subject design to test two conditions: with/without AR-cues, each condition had a voice assistant and two procedural tasks (preflight and landing). An experiment examined twenty-six novice operators. The results demonstrated that augmented reality had benefits in terms of improved situation awareness and accuracy, however, it yielded longer task completion time by creating a speed-accuracy trade-off effect in favour of accuracy. No significant effect on mental workload is found. The results suggest that augmented reality systems have the potential to be used by a wider audience of operators.

scholarly journals Teaching of geographical space relations for cartography – <i>Academic Outdoor Station in Poznan (Poland)</i>

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Beata Medynska-Gulij ◽  
Maciej Smaczynski ◽  
Dariusz Lorek ◽  
Łukasz Halik ◽  
Łukasz Wielebski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Spatial Relations ◽  
Topographic Map ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Optical Illusions ◽  
The North ◽  
Single Plate ◽  
Contour Lines ◽  
Virtual And Augmented Reality ◽  
The University

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The identification of geographical phenomena and relations between them are most frequently visualized, analyzed and interpreted indoor by the display screen. The difficulties with capturing basic spatial relations significant in the process of teaching cartography become the main problem. The objective of teachers from the Department of Cartography and Geomatics was to enrich typical classes carried out in computer rooms by adding the outdoor academic classes that would encourage students to observe those relations directly in the field. In October 2018 the outdoor station of the area of 15&amp;thinsp;&amp;times;&amp;thinsp;20&amp;thinsp;m by the university campus next to <i>Collegium Geographicum</i> was handed over to the disposal of students. The projects of the elements of the station were created on the basis of the lecturers experience as a part of subjects on the following courses: topographical cartography, survey techniques, cartographic design, virtual and augmented reality in cartography, geovisualization and geomatics. Sets of several constructions that can be used either separately, as tools for explaining specific principles or together, as instruments for teaching subsequent measurement, location and visualization relations occurring in cartography and geomatics, were placed on the premises of the station.</p><p>In order to study historical ways of marking borders, the erratic, a replica of the boundary stone from 1653 with the triangle engraved in the place in which three countries connect, was placed in the field. Contemporary ways of the stabilization of the border points and points of the grid reference are farther located. The point marked on the metal horizontal plate, on the spot in which the meridian and the parallel of latitude cross, inform about multiple ways of recording the exact location in space. The values of coordinates were calculated for that point and engraved on the board in several nation and global reference systems. Students, standing on other three plates with the points marked where meridians cross parallels of latitude, create basic elements of the grid of latitude and longitude of 0.2''.</p><p>On a single plate three directions of the north, i.e. the geographic, topographic and magnetic one, are visible. One of the meridians marks the line of analemmatic sundial to 12:00&amp;thinsp;a.m. and the student standing on the area of the specific month becomes a gnomon whose shadow indicates the hour of the local meridian. Two surveyor's levelling rods with two values differing by approximately 16&amp;thinsp;cm demonstrate different values of contour lines on topographic maps worked out in Poland. Properly oriented topographic table shows the same fragment of space in four ways: on the classic, north-oriented topographic map, on the orthophotomap at 1&amp;thinsp;:&amp;thinsp;10&amp;thinsp;000 scale, on the simplified visualization of a few layers from the national topographic base at enlarged 1&amp;thinsp;:&amp;thinsp;2&amp;thinsp;000 scale and on the 3D printout on which the height of buildings was determined from the attribute table.</p><p>Authors of the Academic Outdoor Station in Poznan prepared for the conference guests the multimedia presentation with the explanations of the aforementioned constructions and other elements, i.e. the wall of cartographic visualizations with perspective and optical illusions presented on 2D boards, virtual and augmented reality table, triangular signal, and others. We hope to receive feedback from cartographers and hear some ideas concerning new constructions for our station.</p>

scholarly journals Fooling the size–weight illusion—Using augmented reality to eliminate the effect of size on perceptions of heaviness and sensorimotor prediction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Rohrbach ◽  
Joachim Hermsdörfer ◽  
Lisa-Marie Huber ◽  
Annika Thierfelder ◽  
Gavin Buckingham
Keyword(s):  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Equal Mass ◽  
Small Object ◽  
Verbal Reports ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
Head Mounted Display ◽  
Lift Off ◽  
Cognitive Knowledge ◽  
Weight Illusion

AbstractAugmented reality, whereby computer-generated images are overlaid onto the physical environment, is becoming significant part of the world of education and training. Little is known, however, about how these external images are treated by the sensorimotor system of the user – are they fully integrated into the external environmental cues, or largely ignored by low-level perceptual and motor processes? Here, we examined this question in the context of the size–weight illusion (SWI). Thirty-two participants repeatedly lifted and reported the heaviness of two cubes of unequal volume but equal mass in alternation. Half of the participants saw semi-transparent equally sized holographic cubes superimposed onto the physical cubes through a head-mounted display. Fingertip force rates were measured prior to lift-off to determine how the holograms influenced sensorimotor prediction, while verbal reports of heaviness after each lift indicated how the holographic size cues influenced the SWI. As expected, participants who lifted without augmented visual cues lifted the large object at a higher rate of force than the small object on early lifts and experienced a robust SWI across all trials. In contrast, participants who lifted the (apparently equal-sized) augmented cubes used similar force rates for each object. Furthermore, they experienced no SWI during the first lifts of the objects, with a SWI developing over repeated trials. These results indicate that holographic cues initially dominate physical cues and cognitive knowledge, but are dismissed when conflicting with cues from other senses.

scholarly journals Relationships and the Determinants of Sustainable Land Management Technologies in North Gojjam Sub-Basin, Upper Blue Nile, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6365
Author(s):  
Alelgn Ewunetu ◽  
Belay Simane ◽  
Ermias Teferi ◽  
Benjamin F. F. Zaitchik
Keyword(s):  
Land Management ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Policy Issue ◽  
Farm Households ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Sustainable Land Management ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Blue Nile ◽  
The North

Sustainable land management (SLM) is a leading policy issue in Ethiopia. However, the adoption and continuous use of SLM technologies remain low. This study investigates the interrelationship of adopted SLM technologies and key factors of farmers’ decisions to use SLM technologies in the North Gojjam sub-basin of the Upper Blue Nile. The study was based on the investigation of cross-sectional data obtained from 414 randomly selected rural household heads, focus group discussions, and key informant interviews. Descriptive statistics and Econometric models (i.e., Multivariate Probit and Poisson regression) were used to analyze quantitative data, while a content analysis method was used for qualitative data analysis. Results indicate that at least one type of SLM technology was implemented by 94% of farm households in the North Gojjam sub-basin. The most widely used technologies were chemical fertilizer, soil bund, and animal manure. Most of the adopted SLM technologies complement each other. Farm size, family size, male-headed household, local institutions, perception of soil erosion, livestock size, total income, and extension service increased the adoption probability of most SLM technologies. Plot fragmentation, household age, plot distance, off-farm income, market distance, and perception of good fertile soil discourage the adoption probability of most SLM technologies. To scale up SLM technologies against land degradation, it is important to consider households’ demographic characteristics, the capacity of farm households, and plot-level related factors relevant to the specific SLM technologies being promoted.

ARESIBO HORIZON 2020 EUROPEAN RESEARCH PROJECT – ENRICHED SITUATION AWARENESS FOR BORDER SURVEILLANCE

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 247-255
Author(s):  
Konstantinos CHARISI ◽  
Andreas TSIGOPOULOS ◽  
Spyridon KINTZIOS ◽  
Vassilis PAPATAXIARHIS
Keyword(s):  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Situation Awareness ◽  
User Interfaces ◽  
Border Security ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Horizon 2020 ◽  
Research And Innovation ◽  
Current State ◽  
Available Information ◽  
User Friendly

Abstract. The paper aims to introduce the ARESIBO project to a greater but targeted audience and outline its main scope and achievements. ARESIBO stands for “Augmented Reality Enriched Situation awareness for Border security”. In the recent years, border security has become one of the highest political priorities in EU and needs the support of every Member State. ARESIBO project is developed under HORIZON 2020 EC Research and Innovation program and it is the joint effort of 20 participant entities from 11 countries. Scientific excellence and technological innovation are top priorities as ARESIBO enhances the current state-of-the-art through technological breakthroughs in Mobile Augmented Reality and Wearables, Robust and Secure Telecommunications, Robots swarming technique and Planning of Context-Aware Autonomous Missions, and Artificial Intelligence (AI), in order to implement user-friendly tools for border and coast guards. The system aims to improve the cognitive capabilities and the perception of border guards through intuitive user interfaces that will help them acquire an improved situation awareness by filtering the huge amount of available information from multiple sources. Ultimately, it will help them respond faster and more effectively when a critical situation occurs.

Visual Coherence in Mixed Reality: A Systematic Enquiry

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonny Collins ◽  
Holger Regenbrecht ◽  
Tobias Langlotz
Keyword(s):  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Mixed Reality ◽  
Focus Of Attention ◽  
User Experiences ◽  
Head Mounted Display ◽  
Virtual And Augmented Reality

Virtual and augmented reality, and other forms of mixed reality (MR), have become a focus of attention for companies and researchers. Before they can become successful in the market and in society, those MR systems must be able to deliver a convincing, novel experience for the users. By definition, the experience of mixed reality relies on the perceptually successful blending of reality and virtuality. Any MR system has to provide a sensory, in particular visually coherent, set of stimuli. Therefore, issues with visual coherence, that is, a discontinued experience of a MR environment, must be avoided. While it is very easy for a user to detect issues with visual coherence, it is very difficult to design and implement a system for coherence. This article presents a framework and exemplary implementation of a systematic enquiry into issues with visual coherence and possible solutions to address those issues. The focus is set on head-mounted display-based systems, notwithstanding its applicability to other types of MR systems. Our framework, together with a systematic discussion of tangible issues and solutions for visual coherence, aims at guiding developers of mixed reality systems for better and more effective user experiences.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document