The Modal Comfort Envelope and its Use in Current Standards

1974 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 314-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick H. Rohles
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Effective Temperature ◽  
Temperature Scale ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Current Standards

A detailed study of thermal comfort was conducted by exposing 1600 subjects, in groups of 10 subjects each (5 men and 5 women), to 20 dry bulb temperatures at each of eight relative humidities (160 tests). From this study, 15 temperature-humidity conditions were selected (ET: 75.9-79.7°F) and identified as the Modal Comfort Envelope (MCE). Within this envelope 94% of the subjects were either slightly cool, comfortable, or slightly warm; 3% were cool and 3% were warm; and none were hot or cold. To validate these findings, a new sample of 150 subjects was tested and the results of this test agree favorably with the original findings. The MCE was used in a clothing study and in an investigation of thermal comfort in the elderly; the results of these studies are discussed, together with suggestions for the use of the Modal Comfort Envelope, as a tool for examining the thermal sensation as a function of such non-thermal factors as lighting, subject density, sex, and activity. A slightly modified version of the MCE is currently being used as a standard for thermal comfort by ASHRAE and this is examined together with ASHRAE Comfort Standard 55–66, the New ASHRAE Comfort Chart, and the new Effective Temperature Scale.

Thermal Comfort of the Elderly in Public Health Service Buildings of Thailand

2018 ◽  
Vol 878 ◽  
pp. 173-178
Author(s):  
Chorpech Panraluk ◽  
Atch Sreshthaputra
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Public Health Service ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the Thermal comfort of the Thai elderly in air-conditioned space. The quantitative evaluation was conducted using 163 senior participants while recording their expressed satisfaction within the thermal environment in four public health service buildings in Phitsanulok Province, Thailand. It revealed that for the Thai elderly, the Predicted Mean Vote could not be used to identify the Thermal Sensation Vote. In addition, the results of this study indicated that personal factors, such as gender, age, and underlying disease correlating affect their Thermal Sensation Vote. Perhaps most significantly, a coincidental finding was that the thermal sensation of the Thai elderly was strongly dependent upon the condition of the occupant’s metabolic syndrome, which belonged to the Non-Communicable Disease group. This study assumed that in the elderly, the metabolic syndrome might have an effect on their metabolic rate (as one of the six factors of thermal comfort). In terms of the environmental factors, the on-site environmental data was collected via field works. It found that the air-conditioned spaces had mean radiant temperatures of 23.20-31.40 °C, this condition would make seniors feel comfortable if the thermal environment in the study areas were controlled: air temperature 23.00-27.80 °C, relative humidity 54.00-73.00% and air velocity 0.08-0.72 m/s. However, some elderly wanted to change this thermal environment to either cooler (10.68%) or warmer (4.85%). Therefore, it should be further study to find the proper thermal environment for covering the most of the seniors in Thailand.

scholarly journals The Relation between Effective Temperature and Thermal Sensation Vote in Tropical Vernacular Houses

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-312
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Effective Temperature ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Climate Variables ◽  
Measuring Instrument ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Tropical Mountain ◽  
American Standard ◽  
Psychrometric Chart

One of the factors to enable energy efficiency in buildings is creating thermal comfort for the occupants of buildings so that the artificial vaporization is not required. The thermal sensation vote (TSV) is an indicator in analyzing the occupants’ satisfaction on the thermal comfort of their buildings. Some climate variables that relate to the TSV include air temperature, humidity, and wind speed. The three variables can be combined into a variable using a psychrometric chart. The combined variable is known as an effective temperature. The present research aims at analyzing the connection between effective temperature and TSV in vernacular houses in the tropical mountain and beach locations and comparing the results of the analysis. The quantitative method was employed in the research by measuring the variables of climate using a thermal measuring instrument. The TSV was measured with ASHRAE (American Standard of Heating, Refrigerating, Air-Conditioning Engineer)’s seven-point sensation scale. The measurement was carried out in transitional periods from the dry season to the wet season. Interpretation of graphs and charts was made for analysis based on the variable of effective temperature. The results of the research indicated that there was a connection between effective temperature and TSV. The effective temperature in vernacular houses in tropical mountain locations tended to be lower, and therefore the cool thermal sensation had the greatest percentage of TSV. Meanwhile, the effective temperature in tropical beach locations tended to be high, and therefore the warm thermal sensation had the greatest percentage. In a neutral scale, the percentage of TSV in tropical mountain locations was greater than that of TSV in tropical beach locations. Therefore, it is concluded that the occupants of vernacular houses in tropical mountain location felt more comfortable than those of vernacular houses in tropical beach locations.

scholarly journals Neural network-based thermal comfort prediction for the elderly

2021 ◽  
Vol 237 ◽  
pp. 02022
Author(s):  
JinJin Zhang ◽  
Hong Liu ◽  
YuXin Wu ◽  
Shan Zhou ◽  
MengJia Liu
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Learning Technology ◽  
Local Skin ◽  
Human Thermal Comfort ◽  
Network Algorithm ◽  
Neural Network Algorithm

Machine learning technology has become a hot topic and is being applied in many fields. However, in the prediction of thermal sensation in the elderly, there is not enough research on the neural network to predict the effect of human thermal comfort. In this paper, two neural network algorithms were used to predict the thermal expectation of the elderly, and the accuracy of the two algorithms was compared to find a suitable neural network algorithm to predict human thermal comfort. The dataset was collected from the laboratory study and included 10 local skin temperatures of the subjects, thermal perception voted at three temperatures (28/30/32°C), different wind speeds, and two forms of wind. Thirteen subjects with an average age of 63.5 years old were recruited for the subjective survey. These subjects sat for long periods of summer working conditions, wore uniform thermal resistance clothing, and collected votes on thermal sensation, as well as skin temperature. The results showed that the prediction accuracy of the two algorithms was related to the added influence factors, and the RBF neural network algorithm was the most accurate in predicting thermal sensation of the elderly. The main influencing factors were average skin temperature, wind speed and body fat rate.

PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF HONEYS CONSUMED BY THE ELDERLY

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lusmarina Rodrigues Silva ◽  
Aline Marques Monte ◽  
Rafael Gomes Abreu Bacelar ◽  
Guilherme Antonio Silva Ribeiro ◽  
Aline Maria Dourado Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Center ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Indicator Bacteria ◽  
Foreign Matter ◽  
Total Sugars ◽  
Significant Contamination ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Microbiological Analyses ◽  
Current Standards

Objective: to analyze physicochemical, microbiological and dirt parameters in marketed honeys, consumed by the elderly cared for at Integrated Health Center in Teresina, Piauí, Brazil. Method: the following analyses were performed: color, water activity, humidity, ash, pH, acidity, reducing sugars, total sugars, apparent sucrose and insoluble solids. Contamination indicator bacteria, mesophilic microorganisms, filamentous fungi and yeasts, as well as dirt and foreign matter, performed in the period from April to June 2016. Results: analyses of ash, pH, acidity and insoluble solids were outside current standards. Microbiological analyses did not present significant contamination. Also, analyses of dirt showed insect fragments, foreign matter in almost all the samples. Conclusion: parameters of ash, pH, acidity and insoluble solids, as well as dirt and foreign matter, indicated that the samples were not in accordance with current legislation. 

Thermal Comfort and Thermal Sensation During Exposure to Hot, Hot-Humid and Thermoneutral Environments

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret A. Kolka ◽  
Christina M. Kesick ◽  
Leslie Levine ◽  
Sharon A. McBride ◽  
Lou A. Stephenson
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Thermal Sensation

scholarly journals Proposal of Relative Thermal Sensation: Another Dimension of Thermal Comfort and Its Investigation

IEEE Access ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 36266-36281
Author(s):  
Ziyang Wang ◽  
Hiroshi Onodera ◽  
Ryuji Matsuhashi
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Thermal Sensation

scholarly journals Thermal Comfort and Sleep Quality of Indonesian Students Living in Japan during Summer and Winter

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 326
Author(s):  
Wiwik Budiawan ◽  
Kazuyo Tsuzuki
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Subjective Sleepiness ◽  
Adaptive Action ◽  
Quality Sleep ◽  
Sleep Parameters

Thermal comfort is crucial in satisfaction and maintaining quality sleep for occupants. In this study, we investigated the comfort temperature in the bedroom at night and sleep quality for Indonesian students during summer and winter. Eighteen male Indonesian students aged 29 ± 4 years participated in this study. The participants had stayed in Japan for about six months. We evaluated the sleep parameters using actigraphy performed during summer and winter. All participants completed the survey regarding thermal sensation, physical conditions, and subjective sleepiness before sleep. The temperature and relative humidity of participants’ bedrooms were also measured. We found that the duration on the bed during winter was significantly longer than that during summer. However, sleeping efficiency during winter was significantly worse than that during summer. The bedroom temperature of the participants was in the range of comfort temperature in Indonesia. With the average bedroom air temperature of 22.2 °C, most of the participants still preferred “warm” and felt “slightly comfortable” during winter. The average comfort temperature each season calculated using the Griffiths method was 28.1 °C during summer and 23.5 °C during winter. In conclusion, differences in adaptive action affect bedroom thermal conditions. Furthermore, habits encourage the sleep performance of Indonesian students.

scholarly journals Predicted Medium Vote Thermal Comfort Analysis Applying Energy Simulations with Phase Change Materials for Very Hot-Humid Climates in Social Housing in Ecuador

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1257
Author(s):  
Luis Godoy-Vaca ◽  
E. Catalina Vallejo-Coral ◽  
Javier Martínez-Gómez ◽  
Marco Orozco ◽  
Geovanna Villacreses
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Phase Change ◽  
Social Housing ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Phase Change Materials ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Climate Influences ◽  
Energy Simulations

This work aims to estimate the expected hours of Predicted Medium Vote (PMV) thermal comfort in Ecuadorian social housing houses applying energy simulations with Phase Change Materials (PCMs) for very hot-humid climates. First, a novel methodology for characterizing three different types of social housing is presented based on a space-time analysis of the electricity consumption in a residential complex. Next, the increase in energy demand under climate influences is analyzed. Moreover, with the goal of enlarging the time of thermal comfort inside the houses, the most suitable PCM for them is determined. This paper includes both simulations and comparisons of thermal behavior by means of the PMV methodology of four types of PCMs selected. From the performed energy simulations, the results show that changing the deck and using RT25-RT30 in walls, it is possible to increase the duration of thermal comfort in at least one of the three analyzed houses. The applied PCM showed 46% of comfortable hours and a reduction of 937 h in which the thermal sensation varies from “very hot” to “hot”. Additionally, the usage time of air conditioning decreases, assuring the thermal comfort for the inhabitants during a higher number of hours per day.

Experimental study of the influence of anticipated control on human thermal sensation and thermal comfort

Indoor Air ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Zhou ◽  
Q. Ouyang ◽  
Y. Zhu ◽  
C. Feng ◽  
X. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Thermal Sensation
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