scholarly journals Gender segregation, underemployment and subjective well-being in the UK labour market

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiga Kamerāde ◽  
Helen Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Gender Segregation ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Small Organizations ◽  
Annual Population ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Uk

This article argues that gender segregation influences patterns of underemployment and the relationships that underemployment has with the subjective well-being of men and women. Previous studies have paid little attention to how gender segregation shapes underemployment, an increasingly prominent feature of the UK and European labour markets since the economic crisis of 2008. Using data from the UK Annual Population Surveys, this article examines time-related underemployment: people working part time because they cannot find a full-time job. The article asks whether there are gender differences in underemployment trends and in the links between underemployment and subjective well-being. The results suggest that the probability of underemployment is growing at a faster rate among women rather than men and that underemployment is most common in the jobs that women are more likely to perform, namely in female-dominated occupations, the public sector and small organizations. Underemployment is least common in male-dominated occupations and industries and in the private sector. Moreover, for employees with longer tenures, underemployment has more negative relationships with the subjective well-being of women than with that of men. These findings imply that gender segregation in labour markets is a crucial factor to consider when researching underemployment and its consequences.

scholarly journals Labour Markets and Wages in Australia: 2010

2011 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Therese Jefferson ◽  
Alison Preston
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Labour Market Activity ◽  
Full Time Employment ◽  
Part Time Work

In this article we present data on earnings and hours in 2010 and, using data over a longer time frame, show how the character of the Australian labour market has significantly changed in recent decades. Among other things, we demonstrate a continued shift towards part-time work and, across full-time and part-time labour markets, a change in the distribution of jobs towards more highly skilled occupations. We continue to argue that traditional indicators of labour-market activity, such as headline unemployment and earnings in full-time employment, are only able to partially explain the health of the labour market. There is an urgent need to better understand other dimensions such as underemployment, part-time employment and part-time earnings.

The Consequences of Underemployment for the Underemployed

2007 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Wilkins
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Wage Rates ◽  
Prevailing Wage ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Welfare Dependence ◽  
Full Time Employment

Underemployment is generally conceived as excess labour supply associated with employed persons — that is, as a situation where employed persons would like to work more hours at prevailing wage rates. Using information collected by the 2001 Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia survey, this study examines the effects of underemployment on outcomes such as income, welfare dependence and subjective well-being. Results obtained imply that, while unemployment clearly has greater adverse consequences, underemployment is nonetheless associated with significant detrimental effects on the outcomes examined. Negative effects are found for both part-time employed and full-time employed workers who would prefer to work more hours, but effects are greater for underemployed part-time workers, and are particularly large for part-time workers who would like to work full-time. Indeed, for part-time workers seeking full-time employment, adverse effects attributable to underemployment are, for some outcomes, not far short of those attributable to unemployment.

scholarly journals Income Losses and Subjective Well-Being: Gender and Ethnic Inequalities during the Covid-19 Lockdown Period in the UK

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleftherios Giovanis
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Life Satisfaction Approach ◽  
Detrimental Impact

Abstract COVID-19 has become a global health pandemic forcing governments introducing unprecedented steps to contain the spread of the virus. On the 23rd of March, 2020, the UK government addressed the nation to announce extraordinary measures as a response to slow down the spread of the coronavirus, which have influenced the well-being and finances of millions of people. As a result people had to make difficult adjustments and to follow different coping strategies in order to respond to income losses. The main objective of this study is to examine the impact of various coping strategies, due to the lockdown measures, on the respondents’ subjective well-being by gender and ethnic background. We apply a difference-in-differences framework using data from the UK Household Longitudinal Study (UKHLS) combined with the UKHLS COVID-19 survey conducted in April 2020. Furthermore, using the Life Satisfaction Approach (LSA), we estimate the well-being costs of the coping strategies adopted that denote the amount required to revert individual’s well-being into the levels were before Covid-19 period. The results show that coping strategies with the earning losses have a significant detrimental impact on well-being and the related costs range between £250-3,500, which are significantly varied by gender and ethnic group.JEL Classification: C1, I14, I31

scholarly journals Income Losses and Subjective Well-Being: Gender and Ethnic Inequalities during the Covid-19 Lockdown Period in the UK

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleftherios Giovanis ◽  
Oznur Ozdamar
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Life Satisfaction Approach ◽  
Detrimental Impact

Abstract COVID-19 has become a global health pandemic forcing governments introducing unprecedented steps to contain the spread of the virus. On the 23rd of March, 2020, the UK government addressed the nation to announce extraordinary measures as a response to slow down the spread of the coronavirus, which have influenced the well-being and finances of millions of people. As a result people had to make difficult adjustments and to follow different coping strategies in order to respond to income losses. The main objective of this study is to examine the impact of various coping strategies, due to the lockdown measures, on the respondents’ subjective well-being by gender and ethnic background. We apply a difference-in-differences framework using data from the UK Household Longitudinal Study (UKHLS) combined with the UKHLS COVID-19 survey conducted in April 2020. Furthermore, using the Life Satisfaction Approach (LSA), we estimate the well-being costs of the coping strategies adopted that denote the amount required to revert individual’s well-being into the levels were before Covid-19 period. The results show that coping strategies with the earning losses have a significant detrimental impact on well-being and the related costs range between £250-3,500, which are significantly varied by gender and ethnic group. JEL Classification: C1, I14, I31

Bad Air Days: The Effects of Air Quality on Different Measures of Subjective Well-Being

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Dolan ◽  
Kate Laffan
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Positive Measure ◽  
Pollution Abatement ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Background Concentration ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Reported Health ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Uk

Air pollution makes us feel bad when we think about it – but do bad air days really affect our subjective well-being (SWB) when we are not thinking about them? And if so, do they affect the range of possible measures of SWB in similar ways? Using data from over 165,000 individuals in the UK, we model evaluative, experiential and eudemonic SWB as a function of demographic and local area characteristics including the background concentration of particulate matter. Our results indicate that air pollution adversely affects all of the positive measure of SWB included in our analysis; how satisfied people report being with their lives overall, how happy they report feeling on the previous day and how worthwhile they rate their activities as being, and that it does so over and above its effects on self-reported health. These effects can be monetized and may imply greater priority being afforded to pollution abatement programs than is currently warranted based on existing estimates of the health effects alone.

Theology’s part-time future: A fresh initiative in theological education and religious literacy?

Theology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 121 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clive Marsh
Keyword(s):  
Personal Growth ◽  
Theological Education ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Religious Studies ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Older Learners ◽  
Religious Literacy ◽  
Part Time ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Time Future

Recent drops in the number of full-time theology and religious studies students in the UK raise concerns for all universities with departments of theology and religion. Without denying the importance of efforts to increase those full-time numbers, this article argues that greater attention be paid to possibilities of expanding part-time theological education, and not only in the context of formal ministerial training. At a time when greater religious literacy is needed, and buoyed by evidence of what older learners want from their studies – personal growth rather than just better employment prospects – expansion of part-time study opportunities may prove an additional, and important, initiative required by theology and religion departments. In this way, they would not only improve their own financial positions but they would also make an even greater contribution to their local communities and to individual and social well-being. A commitment would be needed, however, from universities themselves to recognize this important ‘public good’.

scholarly journals WELL-BEING AND LIFE SATISFACTION OF STUDENTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1173-1178
Author(s):  
Ivana Duvnjak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Personal Safety ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Part Time Students ◽  
Part Time

Research into the quality of people's lives is a current issue addressed by a large number of researchers. Subjective measures indicate differences in real living conditions. The well-being of people is examined within the eudaimonic and hedonistic approach. As a part of the hedonistic approach, life satisfaction is largely examined. The hedonistic approach refers to social and psychological well-being. In this study, we investigated both approaches to examine the overall well-being of students. The participants' general satisfaction with life is very high. The survey of life satisfaction in certain domains shows that students are most satisfied in the domains of personal relationships, community and personal safety. The well-being of the participants is high. Participants exhibit high levels of emotional and psychological well-being, which are related to eudaimonia. Full-time students are more satisfied with life and have higher levels of subjective well-being than part-time students. No differences in eudaimonic well-being were found.

scholarly journals Sometimes Your Best Just Ain’t Good Enough: The Worldwide Evidence on Subjective Well-being Efficiency

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Milena Nikolova ◽  
Olga Popova
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Resource Use ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Labor Market Conditions ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Using Data

AbstractMost of the studies on subjective well-being focus on the determinants of absolute life satisfaction or happiness levels. This paper asks an important but understudied question, namely, could countries achieve the same or even higher subjective well-being by using the same resources more efficiently? We provide the first country panel evidence on whether nations efficiently transform their endowments (income, education, and health) into subjective well-being and which factors influence the conversion efficiency. Using data on 91 countries from 2009 to 2014, we find that that well-being efficiency gains are possible worldwide. We show that poor labor market conditions as proxied by unemployment and involuntary part-time employment are associated with lower ‘subjective well-being efficiency,’ while social support, freedom, and the rule of law improve it. These findings are useful to policymakers in helping identify inefficiencies, reducing wasteful resource use, and developing policies that promote sustainable development and human well-being. Our results are robust to a battery of sensitivity checks and raise policy-relevant questions about the appropriate instruments to improve subjective well-being efficiency.

scholarly journals Who is Left Behind? Altruism of Giving, Happiness and Mental Health during the Covid-19 Period in the UK

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleftherios Giovanis ◽  
Oznur Ozdamar
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Ethnic Background ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Abstract The UK government has decided to implement lockdown measures in the end of March 2020 as a response to the outbreak and spread of the Covid-19 pandemic. As a consequence, households have experienced job losses and a significant drop in their finances and living standards. During these unprecedented and difficult times, people provide financial assistance to those who are in need and have to cope with falls in their living standards. In this study we are interested to investigate the subjective well-being (SWB), which is expressed by mental health and components of general happiness, of the givers rather than of receivers. We apply a difference-in-differences (DiD) framework to investigate the impact of altruism on the givers’ SWB in the UK. Altruism is denoted by transfers made to adult children, parents, siblings, and friends. Using the DiD estimator and the estimated coefficient of the household income we calculate the implicit willingness-to-pay (WTP) for altruism. We perform various regressions by gender and racial-ethnic background using data from the UK Household Longitudinal Study (UKHLS). The analysis shows that altruistic behaviours impact different domains of SWB between men and women, as well as, among people with different racial-ethnic background.

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