A Longitudinal Investigation of Drug Use and Work Patterns among Middle-Class, White Adults

1988 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helene Raskin White ◽  
Angela Aidala ◽  
Benjamin Zablocki
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Financial Status ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Longitudinal Investigation ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior ◽  
The Relationship

This article explores the relationship between drug use and patterns of living and working for a sample of middle-class, white “baby boomers” who have lived in communal households. A longitudinal investigation was initiated in the mid-1970s with 806 persons and followed up in 1986–1987 with 79% of these subjects. During interviews, the subjects supplied data related to their work and financial status, work-related attitudes and behavior, life status, and histories of drug use (i.e., types of drugs used, and quantity, frequency, and duration of use). The results indicate that neither chronic nor current use of marijuana or alcohol had adversely affected the subjects' occupational status and achievement in middle adulthood, although a relationship was found between daily alcohol consumption and delaying marriage and childbearing. The authors warn against extrapolating the results for this unique sample to the larger population, but note the implications they have for future research.

scholarly journals Attitudes of East Tennessee Residents Towards General and Pertussis Vaccination: A Qualitative Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinne Tandy ◽  
Jennifer M. Jabson Tree
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Vaccine Preventable Diseases ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Behavior Outcomes ◽  
Vaccination Decision ◽  
East Tennessee ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Despite vaccination being one of the safest and most successful public health tools to control infectious diseases, some people still doubt the efficacy and safety of vaccines. In order to address vaccine hesitancy and anti-vaccination sentiment, it is necessary to understand vaccination attitude development and vaccination behaviors. The objective of this project was to qualitatively investigate general vaccination attitudes and behavior with an additional emphasis on pertussis vaccination. Methods To identify factors that influence attitudes toward vaccination and behaviors in East Tennessee, eleven one-on-one interviews were conducted with participants recruited through convenience and purposive sampling. Interview protocol and deductive codes were developed using the Triadic Theory of Influence as a theoretical framework. Interview transcripts were analyzed qualitatively and themes were identified through constant comparison of interviews, considering both deductively and inductively coded data. Results Most participants (8) held positive attitudes towards vaccination. Participants (8) comfortable with vaccinating themselves or their children said they followed recommendations of doctors. Vaccine hesitant participants’ (3) most frequently cited concern was safety and concern about side effects. These participants also reported that they referenced non-academic or professional sources and felt confident about their knowledge of vaccines and diseases. Vaccine hesitant participants had low perception of risk of vaccine-preventable diseases, particularly pertussis. Participants with children reported that friends and family were influential when deciding to vaccinate their children. Conclusions This study identified themes in the attitudes towards vaccination of participants recruited in East Tennessee. We found that risk perception and family and social group attitudes were the primary influences on vaccination decision making. We recommend that future research includes anti-vaccination participants in their research, if possible, and further explore the relationship between perception of one’s own knowledge and health behavior outcomes.

scholarly journals Attitudes of East Tennessee residents towards general and pertussis vaccination: a qualitative study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinne B. Tandy ◽  
Jennifer M. Jabson Tree
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Vaccine Preventable Diseases ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Behavior Outcomes ◽  
Vaccination Decision ◽  
East Tennessee ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Despite vaccination being one of the safest and most successful public health tools to control infectious diseases, some people still doubt the efficacy and safety of vaccines. In order to address vaccine hesitancy and anti-vaccination sentiment, it is necessary to understand vaccination attitude development and vaccination behaviors. The objective of this project was to qualitatively investigate general vaccination attitudes and behavior with an additional emphasis on pertussis vaccination. Methods To identify factors that influence attitudes toward vaccination and behaviors in East Tennessee, eleven one-on-one interviews were conducted with participants recruited through convenience and purposive sampling. Interview protocol and deductive codes were developed using the Triadic Theory of Influence as a theoretical framework. Interview transcripts were analyzed qualitatively and themes were identified through constant comparison of interviews, considering both deductively and inductively coded data. Results Most participants (8) held positive attitudes towards vaccination. Participants (8) comfortable with vaccinating themselves or their children said they followed recommendations of doctors. Vaccine hesitant participants’ (3) most frequently cited concern was safety and concern about side effects. These participants also reported that they referenced non-academic or professional sources and felt confident about their knowledge of vaccines and diseases. Vaccine hesitant participants had low perception of risk of vaccine-preventable diseases, particularly pertussis. Participants with children reported that friends and family were influential when deciding to vaccinate their children. Conclusions This study identified themes in the attitudes towards vaccination of participants recruited in East Tennessee. We found that risk perception and family and social group attitudes were the primary influences on vaccination decision making. We recommend that future research includes anti-vaccination participants in their research, if possible, and further explore the relationship between perception of one’s own knowledge and health behavior outcomes.

scholarly journals Attitudes of East Tennessee Residents Towards General and Pertussis Vaccination: A Qualitative Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinne Tandy ◽  
Jennifer M. Jabson Tree
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Vaccine Preventable Diseases ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Behavior Outcomes ◽  
Vaccination Decision ◽  
East Tennessee ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract BackgroundDespite vaccination being one of the safest and most successful public health tools to control infectious diseases, some people still doubt the efficacy and safety of vaccines. In order to address vaccine hesitancy and anti-vaccination sentiment, it is necessary to understand vaccination attitude development and vaccination behaviors. The objective of this project was to qualitatively investigate general vaccination attitudes and behavior with an additional emphasis on pertussis vaccination. MethodsTo identify factors that influence attitudes toward vaccination and behaviors in East Tennessee, eleven one-on-one interviews were conducted with participants recruited through convenience and purposive sampling. Interview protocol and deductive codes were developed using the Triadic Theory of Influence as a theoretical framework. Interview transcripts were analyzed qualitatively and themes were identified through constant comparison of interviews, considering both deductively and inductively coded data. ResultsMost participants (8) held positive attitudes towards vaccination. Participants (8) comfortable with vaccinating themselves or their children said they followed recommendations of doctors. Vaccine hesitant participants’ (3) most frequently cited concern was safety and concern about side effects. These participants also reported that they referenced non-academic or professional sources and felt confident about their knowledge of vaccines and diseases. Vaccine hesitant participants had low perception of risk of vaccine-preventable diseases, particularly pertussis. Participants with children reported that friends and family were influential when deciding to vaccinate their children. ConclusionsThis study identified themes in the attitudes towards vaccination of participants recruited in East Tennessee. We found that risk perception and family and social group attitudes were the primary influences on vaccination decision making. We recommend that future research includes anti-vaccination participants in their research, if possible, and further explore the relationship between perception of one’s own knowledge and health behavior outcomes.

The Genetic Origins of the Relationship between Psychological Traits and Social Trust

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven Oskarsson ◽  
Christopher Dawes ◽  
Magnus Johannesson ◽  
Patrik K. E. Magnusson
Keyword(s):  
Social Trust ◽  
Personal Control ◽  
Genetic Component ◽  
Trust Game ◽  
Psychological Traits ◽  
Causal Pathways ◽  
Survey Responses ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior ◽  
The Relationship

Recent studies have shown that trusting attitudes and behavior are biologically influenced. Focusing on the classic trust game, it has been demonstrated that oxytocin increases trust and that humans are endowed with genetic variation that influences their behavior in the game. Moreover, several studies have shown that a large share of the variation in survey responses to trust items is accounted for by an additive genetic component. Against this backdrop, this article makes two important contributions. First, utilizing a unique sample of more than 2,000 complete Swedish twin pairs, we provide further evidence of the heritability of social trust. Our estimates of the additive genetic component in social trust were consistent across the sexes – .33 for males and .39 for females – and are similar to the results reported in earlier studies. Secondly, we show that social trust is phenotypically related to three psychological traits – extraversion, personal control, and intelligence – and that genetic factors account for most of these correlations. Jointly, these psychological factors share around 30% of the genetic influence on social trust both for males and females. Future studies should further explore the possible causal pathways between genes and trust using panel data on both psychological traits and social trust.

Tweeting Beyond Tahrir

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-274
Author(s):  
Alexandra A. Siegel ◽  
Jonathan Nagler ◽  
Richard Bonneau ◽  
Joshua A. Tucker
Keyword(s):  
Online Social Networks ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Tolerance ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
Online Networks ◽  
Network Diversity ◽  
Twitter Data ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior ◽  
The Relationship

abstractDo online social networks affect political tolerance in the highly polarized climate of postcoup Egypt? Taking advantage of the real-time networked structure of Twitter data, the authors find that not only is greater network diversity associated with lower levels of intolerance, but also that longer exposure to a diverse network is linked to less expression of intolerance over time. The authors find that this relationship persists in both elite and non-elite diverse networks. Exploring the mechanisms by which network diversity might affect tolerance, the authors offer suggestive evidence that social norms in online networks may shape individuals’ propensity to publicly express intolerant attitudes. The findings contribute to the political tolerance literature and enrich the ongoing debate over the relationship between online echo chambers and political attitudes and behavior by providing new insights from a repressive authoritarian context.

Cultural differences in gift recipients’ attitude and behavior toward disliked gifts

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Theeranuch Pusaksrikit ◽  
Sydney Chinchanachokchai
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Relationship Closeness ◽  
Marketing Segmentation ◽  
Self Construal ◽  
The Usa ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of cultural differences and the types of relationship closeness involved in recipients’ emotional and behavioral reactions after receiving disliked gifts. Design/methodology/approach Collecting data from Thailand and the USA, two experiments were conducted in a 2 (self-construal: independent/interdependent) × 2 (relationship closeness: close/distant) between-subjects design. Study 1 explores the recipients’ feelings and reactions upon receipt of a disliked gift. Study 2 explores the disposition process for a disliked gift. Findings The results show that a recipient’s emotions, reaction and disposition process can be affected by cultural differences and relationship closeness: specifically that close and distant relationships moderate the relationship between self-construal and gift-receiving attitudes and behaviors. Research limitations/implications Future research can investigate representative groups from other countries to broaden the generalizability of the findings. Practical implications This understanding can guide gift-givers when selecting gifts for close or distant recipients across cultures. Additionally, it can help retailers develop and introduce new marketing strategies by applying self-construal as a marketing segmentation tool for gift purchase and disposition. Originality/value This research is among the first studies to offer insights into how individuals in different cultures manage disliked gifts they receive from people in either close or distant relationships.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN IBU TENTANG HIPERBILIRUBIN DENGAN SIKAP DAN PERILAKU MENJEMUR BAYI DI KELURAHAN SANGKRAH

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahayu Setyaningsih ◽  
Ersa Trianingsih
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Statistical Test ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Spearman Rank ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior ◽  
The Village ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractInterviews with mother who have babies aged 0-6 months in the Village Sangkrah, founddifferent maternal understanding of hiperbilirubin, some of mothers not understand abouthiperbilirubin, its causes and how to prevent it. The attitude of the mothers also variessome wants sunning their babies every morning whereas plenty were reluctant becausethey do not know of its benefits. The purpose of the study: to determine the correlation ofmother's level of knowledge about hiperbilirubin with attitudes and behavior sunning babyThe subjects were all mothers with babies 0-6 months in the Village Sangkrah as manyas 45 people. This research method of bivariate analysis using Spearman Rank,multivariate analysis with Pearson Correlation to find the correlation of three variables: thelevel of knowledge of mothers about hiperbilirubin with attitudes and behavior in infantssunning.The results of the bivariate analysis using Spearman Rank with α = 5% (0.05) wasobtained p <0.001 to p <0.05, which means that the hypothesis is accepted, there is acorrelation the level of knowledge about hiperbilirubin with the attitudes and behaviorsunning baby in village Sangkrah. Multivariate statistical test using Pearson Correlation α= 5% (0.05) was obtained p <0.001 for the correlation between knowledge with attitude,either correlation knowledge with behavioral or correlation between attitudes withbehavioral earn p <0.05. The correlation coefficient ranged from 0.541 to 0.583 whichshows the strength of the relationship in the medium category.Keywords: Knowledge, Attitude, Behavior, Hiperbilirubin, Sunning Baby

scholarly journals The Impact of Board Capital on Internationalization of SMEs: Initial Theoretical Considerations

2020 ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
Monika Bužavaitė ◽  
Renata Korsakiene
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Resource Based View ◽  
Board Capital ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Theoretical Considerations ◽  
Agency Resource

The study aims to investigate the relationship between Board capital and internationalization of SMEs. The study implements a systematic review and synthesis of scientific literature. The article presents useful insights into the concept of Board capital, Agency, Resource dependency, Institutional theories, and Resource-Based view. These theories give us a better understanding of Board capital, the firm’s management and behavior. The analysis of recent studies suggests that external members of the Board might positively affect internationalization outcomes and be useful in overcoming obstacles during the initiation of international activities. Nevertheless, international entrepreneurship literature is still lacking studies considering Board capital. A deeper investigation of Board capital factors impacting the internationalization of SMEs can be stated as a future research direction. 

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