Cultural differences in gift recipients’ attitude and behavior toward disliked gifts

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Theeranuch Pusaksrikit ◽  
Sydney Chinchanachokchai
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Relationship Closeness ◽  
Marketing Segmentation ◽  
Self Construal ◽  
The Usa ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of cultural differences and the types of relationship closeness involved in recipients’ emotional and behavioral reactions after receiving disliked gifts. Design/methodology/approach Collecting data from Thailand and the USA, two experiments were conducted in a 2 (self-construal: independent/interdependent) × 2 (relationship closeness: close/distant) between-subjects design. Study 1 explores the recipients’ feelings and reactions upon receipt of a disliked gift. Study 2 explores the disposition process for a disliked gift. Findings The results show that a recipient’s emotions, reaction and disposition process can be affected by cultural differences and relationship closeness: specifically that close and distant relationships moderate the relationship between self-construal and gift-receiving attitudes and behaviors. Research limitations/implications Future research can investigate representative groups from other countries to broaden the generalizability of the findings. Practical implications This understanding can guide gift-givers when selecting gifts for close or distant recipients across cultures. Additionally, it can help retailers develop and introduce new marketing strategies by applying self-construal as a marketing segmentation tool for gift purchase and disposition. Originality/value This research is among the first studies to offer insights into how individuals in different cultures manage disliked gifts they receive from people in either close or distant relationships.

Intelligence and job satisfaction in the USA and China

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cassandra Thompson ◽  
Samuel Lane
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – This study aims to evaluate both intelligence and job satisfaction of workers in the USA and China. Each topic will be studied individually, first, to determine the relationship between intelligence and job satisfaction. The statistics between China and the USA will then be compared and contrasted to assess how different cultures will affect emotional intelligence and job satisfaction of those in the workforce. Design/methodology/approach – A review of the empirical studies on intelligence and job satisfaction was performed and used to develop a model to guide future research. Findings – There is a negative relationship between intelligence and job satisfaction in the USA, but no studies have been done to compare both constructs cross-culturally. Research limitations/implications – The proposed study can be used to gain an understanding of the relationship between intelligence and job satisfaction across different cultures. Practical implications – The link between job satisfaction and intelligence can be used by employers to determine information about other aspects of their business, such as turnover rates of productive employees. Originality/value – Although there has been some research on the relation between intelligence and job satisfaction, notably by Ganzach (1998), very little has been done across cultures.

How far are we from understanding corruption? The effect of cultural distance on corruption perception

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike Szymanski ◽  
Ivan Valdovinos ◽  
Evodio Kaltenecker
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
International Business ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Cultural Distance ◽  
State Level ◽  
Generalized Least Squares ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Corruption Perception ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose This study aims to examine the relationship between cultural distances between countries and their scores in the Corruption Perception Index (CPI), which is the most commonly used measure of corruption in international business (IB) research. Design/methodology/approach The authors applied fixed-effect (generalized least squares) statistical modeling technique to analyze 1,580 year-country observations. Findings The authors found that the CPI score is determined to a large extent by cultural distances between countries, specifically the distance to the USA and to Denmark. Research limitations/implications CPI is often used as a sole measure of state-level corruption in IB research. The results show that the measure is significantly influenced by cultural differences and hence it should be applied with great caution, preferably augmented with other measures. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to look at cultural distances as determinants of CPI score. The authors empirically test whether the CPI is culturally biased.

The four Es of social marketing: ethicality, expensiveness, exaggeration and effectiveness

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Pang ◽  
Krzysztof Kubacki
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Social Marketing ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Actual Effectiveness ◽  
Barriers And Challenges ◽  
Views And Perceptions ◽  
Social Marketing Campaigns ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose – This study aims to contribute to the existing social marketing literature by considering young adults’ views and perceptions about social marketing and social marketing campaigns in the context of alcohol consumption. Design/methodology/approach – Eighteen interviews were conducted with young adults aged 25-30 years in Australia and the USA. Biographical interviews were used to collect information on individuals’ drinking histories and how their attitudes towards social marketing campaigns have formed during their lives. Findings – Four main themes emerge in the study, namely, ethicality (freedom of choice), expensiveness, exaggeration and effectiveness. These four issues represent the main barriers and challenges for social marketers. Future research needs to explore the relationship between the attitudes of the target audience towards social marketing, and the actual effectiveness of social marketing campaigns. Research limitations/implications – This is an exploratory study that is limited by its context, sample size and participants’ demographical characteristics. Originality/value – This study provides empirical evidence behind challenges and barriers facing social marketing identified by Andreasen (2002).

Global identity, perceptions of luxury value and consumer purchase intention: a cross-cultural examination

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 533-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Yang ◽  
Jieqiong Ma ◽  
Mark Arnold ◽  
Krittinee Nuttavuthisit
Keyword(s):  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Global Identity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Final Sample ◽  
Consumer Purchase Intention ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose In today’s highly globalized marketplace, it is increasingly important to understand why some consumers prefer luxury goods. This study aims to further explore the relationship between consumers’ global identity, their perceived functional, individual and social value of luxury and their intentions to purchase luxury. Design/methodology/approach Samples from two substantially different cultures, the USA and China, were used to explore the proposed relationships in an intercultural context. Established scales were adapted to measure each of the constructs of interest. The final sample includes 295 US and 247 Chinese participants. Findings By using samples from the USA and China, this study finds that global identity is positively related to purchase intention of luxury products, mediated by perceived functional, individual and social value of luxury. Originality/value Drawing insights from self-verification theory, this research provides a three-path framework to expand the knowledge of consumers’ motivation to purchase luxury.

The smart leader: examining the relationship between intelligence and leader development behavior

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carrie A. Blair ◽  
Charles Allen Gorman ◽  
Katherine Helland ◽  
Lisa Delise
Keyword(s):  
Performance Feedback ◽  
Generalizability Theory ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Leader Development ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Unique Method ◽  
Smart Leader ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between intelligence and behavior during leader development. Design/methodology/approach – As part of a leader development program, a variety of measures are collected, including measures of intelligence and measures of performance (e.g. assessment center performance, a 360-degree appraisal). The participants are given performance feedback from a variety of sources then asked to form developmental goals. The goals are examined for goal quality and goal-feedback correspondence, and examined in relation to intelligence. Findings – Intelligence was positively related to goal-feedback correspondence. Intelligence was also related to goal quality after controlling for variance attributed to professional discipline. Research limitations/implications – Personality, gender, age, and other variables were not included in this study. Other factors, such as the cultures of the organizations from which the individuals hailed, were also not included. Moreover, the conclusions were based on the behaviors exhibited in one leader development program. Future research should address these limitations. Practical implications – Leader development is expensive and is becoming more popular. The results of this research could help organizations better determine who is likely to benefit from the investment in leader development. Originality/value – In addition, a unique method is presented in the study for measuring leader development behavior based on goal quality and goal-feedback correspondence. Generalizability theory is applied in order to determine the reliability of the measures.

Understanding usage of Internet of Things (IOT) systems in China

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuebing Dong ◽  
Yaping Chang ◽  
Yawei Wang ◽  
Jun Yan
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Perceived Usefulness ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Perceived Ease Of Use ◽  
Privacy Risk ◽  
Chinese Consumers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to answer “Why do Chinese consumers use IOT systems?” and “Do consumers’ cognitive and affect experiences moderate the relationship between psychological perception factors and perceived usefulness?” Design/methodology/approach In-depth interview with consumers and experts had been conducted and then the perceived psychological factors that influence perceived usefulness had been summarized. Based on a survey test of 337 smart home users, this study applies partial least squares technique analysis to test the research model. Findings The research results show that perceived psychological factors (perceived ease of use, perceived intelligence, perceived convenience and perceived privacy risk) have significant effect on the intention and behavior of IOT systems usage through perceived usefulness. Cognitive experience moderates the relationship between perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness, perceived privacy risk and perceived usefulness; affect experience moderates the relationship between perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness. Research limitations/implications The current study mainly tested the antecedents of consumers’ usage of IOT systems, and the outcome of using the system was not investigated. Future research can examine the outcome (e.g. satisfaction, perceived value) by using the expectation-confirmation theory. Originality/value This study provides a useful insight into the key driving factors in consumers’ intention and behavior of using IOT systems. The previous studies over IOT systems have not observed consumers’ perception of IOT systems, but in fact IOT systems are being applied to more and more personal users.

scholarly journals The relationship between brand love and actual brand performance

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 806-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lia Zarantonello ◽  
Marcello Formisano ◽  
Silvia Grappi
Keyword(s):  
Brand Attitude ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Brand Performance ◽  
Brand Love ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Brand Measurement ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cross National

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the different relationship that brand love, compared with brand attitude, has with actual brand performance in a cross-national and cross-category context. Design/methodology/approach An empirical study was conducted in the USA, Russia and Indonesia to develop and validate a short but comprehensive measure of brand love. A brand attitude measure derived from the company’s tracking studies and behavioural measures derived from panel data were used to examine the different relationship of brand love and brand attitude with brand performance. Findings The findings show that consumers in the USA, Russia and Indonesia share a similar concept of brand love. They also show that brand love, compared with brand attitude, is more strongly related to growth in behavioural loyalty, whereas brand attitude, compared with brand love, is more strongly related to the brand size in the present. Research limitations/implications The paper combines psychological and behavioural data from different sources. Future research may collect both types of data from the same sample of consumers. Besides, the paper uses brand love and brand attitude data related to loyal consumers and users, respectively. Future research may consider both types of consumers simultaneously. Practical implications The paper clarifies why brand love measures should be integrated in a company’s brand measurement system, and their specific contribution compared with brand attitude. Originality/value This paper is the first that examines brand love in a cross-national and cross-category context and that shows the relationship of brand love vs brand attitude with actual brand performance using company/industry-derived data.

Guardians of the hallways? School resource officers and bullying

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 202-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Broll ◽  
Robin Lafferty
Keyword(s):  
High Schools ◽  
School Violence ◽  
School Resource Officers ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Resource Officers ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
School Resource

Purpose School resource officers (SROs) have become commonplace in schools across the USA. Although their visibility may allow them to function as capable guardians, little research has examined their impact on less serious but more common forms of school violence, like bullying. The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between the presence, quantity and roles of SROs and the frequency of bullying. Design/methodology/approach Data come from the nationally representative 2006 School Survey on Crime and Safety. The relationship between SROs and bullying, controlling for other guardians, motivated offenders and school characteristics, was assessed using ordered logistic regression. Separate models were estimated for middle and high schools. Findings There was no association between the presence, quantity or role of SROs and bullying in middle or high schools; however, teacher training was associated with less frequent bullying, especially in middle schools, and the presence of motivated offenders was associated with more frequent bullying. Research limitations/implications Whether SROs reduce school violence is contested; this study found no association between SROs and bullying, a less serious but more common form of school violence. Future research should consider the roles of SROs in schools and the credibility of capable guardians. Practical implications The results caution against continuing to divert educational and social service resources to law enforcement in schools. Continued training for teachers may provide more effective guardianship against bullying. Originality/value This paper contributes to the developing literature on the effect of SROs on less serious but more common forms of school violence, like bullying.

Explaining corruption

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusaf H. Akbar ◽  
Vukan Vujić
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
National Study ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Corrupt Behavior ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to feature a cross-national study that investigates the relationship between national culture and corruption. Design/methodology/approach – The study is based on the so-called “Grid-Group” framework of culture. An analysis based on a sample of 55 countries is employed to estimate the relationship between corruption and cultural, economic and political variables. Cultural dimensions were developed using the World Values Survey (WVS) Wave 4 and 5. Findings – The study finds robust and statistically significant relationships. Cultures with strong hierarchy and fatalism are positively correlated with corruption whereas egalitarian cultures correlate with lower corruption. The regression model employed demonstrates robust statistical significance when all variable categories (culture, economic and political) were employed. Research limitations/implications – First, as a function of available data, future research should include more countries. Second, as with all previous culture-corruption studies to date, there is no explicit treatment of sub-cultures within a given country in this study: research on culture and corruption in large, multi-ethnic countries such as India, China or the USA where researching regional, sub-cultural differences may be important and insightful. Practical implications – Strengthening whistle-blower processes open to managers in hierarchical and fatalistic cultures will be an important tactical weapon in fighting corruption. Multinational companies who have progressively phased out expatriate managers in their subsidiaries and replaced them with local managers should invest in training for these managers designed to combat their cultural responses to corrupt behavior. Public policy must focus on institutional reform, breaking down hierarchies, promoting greater efficiency, transparency and accountability. This is a broad and far-reaching target that has to be tackled at all levels of society and across multiple stakeholders. Public policymakers should develop strategies closely with the private sector to develop anti-corruption education and training programs for both public sector and private sector managers. Originality/value – This is the first time quantitative empirical research has used the Douglas “Grid-Group” framework to estimate the role of culture in explaining corruption. From a policy and strategy perspective, the paper offers specific recommendations to governments and companies.

A meta-analysis of transformational leadership in hospitality research

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 2137-2154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenglin Gui ◽  
Anqi Luo ◽  
Pengcheng Zhang ◽  
Aimin Deng
Keyword(s):  
Transformational Leadership ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Behavioral Outcomes ◽  
Measurement Instrument ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose Though the effect of transformational leadership (TFL) on followers has been largely examined in hospitality, the findings are rather inconsistent. This paper aims to provide a quantitative review for the relationship between TFL and follower outcomes in hospitality and a detailed analysis of the moderating variables (cultural differences, measurement instrument, rating sources and time lag). Design/methodology/approach To explore the effect sizes of TFL on followers, this study conducted a quantitative meta-analysis based on 62 primary studies, including 66 independent samples (N = 23,037). The outcomes of TFL were categorized into subordinates’ attitudinal outcomes, relational perceptions and behavioral outcomes. Findings The results indicate that TFL has the strongest impact on relational perceptions, followed by subordinates’ attitudinal and behavioral outcomes. The results also show that cultural differences, rating sources and time lag partially moderate the relationships between TFL and follower outcomes. Research limitations/implications TFL generally has a high level of validity for explaining attitudinal, behavioral and relational perception outcomes of followers in the field of hospitality. Given that, there have been a large number of studies investigating TFL with follower attitudinal and behavioral outcomes, it might not be necessary to continue applying identical frameworks to investigate the effect of TFL. Instead, future research on TFL is expected to explore the relationship between TFL and followers’ relational perceptions and consider cultural and methodological factors. Originality/value To the best of authors’ knowledge, this is the first meta-analysis to clear theoretical links between TFL and its outcomes in the hospitality context. This study further investigates several moderators that can influence the effects of TFL and helps better understand the influence of TFL in the area of hospitality. The study also provides future research directions for leadership research in the hospitality context.

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