scholarly journals Localization and Changes in NADPH-Diaphorase Reactivity and Nitric Oxide Synthase Immunoreactivity in Rat Pulp Following Tooth Preparation

1999 ◽  
Vol 78 (10) ◽  
pp. 1585-1595 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.S. Law ◽  
K.R. Baumgardner ◽  
S.T. Meller ◽  
G.F. Gebhart
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate ◽  
Granulomatous Inflammation ◽  
Homogeneous Distribution ◽  
Tooth Pulp ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Pulp Tissue ◽  
Oxide Synthase

Inflammatory changes in the dental pulp are accompanied by release of a wide variety of chemical mediators. Nitric oxide, an oxidative free radical produced by the enzyme nitric oxide synthase (NOS), has been implicated in multiple inflammatory processes, which makes it a suitable marker for changes which likely occur following tooth pulp insult. Since limited information on nitric oxide in the pulp is available, it is necessary first to examine relative distributions of NOS in uninflamed and inflamed rat pulp. We accomplished this by characterizing regions of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase (NADPH-d) activity and the distribution of both macrophage NOS (macNOS) and neuronal NOS (nNOS) immunoreactivity in normal and inflamed rat molar pulp at multiple time points. The results showed that: (1) deep cavity preparation on the mesial surface of the molar produced a time-dependent inflammation, with acute inflammation early progressing to chronic, granulomatous inflammation with necrosis later that spread preferentially down the mesial root; (2) control (non-prepared) teeth showed a relatively faint and homogeneous distribution of NADPH-d and macNOS reactivity but no discernible nNOS reactivity; (3) inflamed teeth displayed localized increased intensity of NADPH-d and macNOS reactivity surrounding the inflamed area of pulp, but no increased nNOS activity; (4) pulp vessels supplying the inflamed area showed increased NADPH-d reactivity, but no increased macNOS or nNOS reactivity; and (5) neither NADPH-d, macNOS, nor nNOS reactivity was observed in pulpal nerves. Therefore, nitric oxide may mediate the pulpal inflammatory response through its effects on the paralesional pulp tissue and surrounding endothelial/vascular structures.

scholarly journals Enteric neuronal plasticity and a reduced number of interstitial cells of Cajal in hypertrophic rat ileum

Gut ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 836-844 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Ekblad ◽  
R Sjuve ◽  
A Arner ◽  
F Sundler
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Interstitial Cells Of Cajal ◽  
In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate ◽  
Work Load ◽  
Interstitial Cells ◽  
Nadph Diaphorase ◽  
Cells Of Cajal ◽  
Oxide Synthase

Background—Partial obstruction of the ileum causes a notable hypertrophy of smooth muscle cells and enteric neurones in the proximally located intestine.Aims—To study the expression of neuromessengers in the hypertrophic ileum of rat as little is known about neuromessenger plasticity under these conditions. To investigate the presence of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) in hypertrophic ileum.Methods—Ileal hypertrophy was induced by circumferential application of a strip of plastic film for 18–24 days. Immunocytochemistry, in situ hybridisation, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) diaphorase histochemistry, and ethidium bromide staining were used to investigate the number of enteric neurones expressing neuropeptides and nitric oxide synthase, and the frequency of ICC.Results—In the hypertrophic ileum several neuronal populations showed changes in their expression of neuromessengers. Myenteric neurones expressing vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide, and galanin were notably increased in number. In submucous ganglia the number of VIP immunoreactive neurones decreased while those expressing VIP mRNA increased. NADPH diaphorase positive submucous neurones increased dramatically while the number of neuronal type nitric oxide synthase expressing ones was unchanged. The number of ICC decreased notably in hypertrophic ileum.Conclusion—Enteric neurones change their levels of expression of neuromessengers in hypertrophic ileum. ICC are also affected. The changes are presumably part of an adaptive response to the increased work load.

Nitric Oxide Synthase Is Deficient in the Aganglionic Colon of Patients With Hirschsprung's Disease

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 647-651
Author(s):  
John F. Bealer ◽  
Eileen S. Natuzzi ◽  
Cori Buscher ◽  
Alan W. Flake ◽  
N. Scott Adzick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide ◽  
Hirschsprung's Disease ◽  
Hirschsprung’S Disease ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate ◽  
No Synthase ◽  
Oxide Synthase

Objectives. The cause of Hirschsprung's disease is unknown but defects in nonadrenergic, noncholinergic innervation could prevent relaxation of aganglionic colon in patients with this disease. Nonadrenergic, noncholinergic nerves induce relaxation by using nitric oxide synthase to produce the smooth muscle relaxant nitric oxide (NO). In this study we asked whether aganglionic colon in patients with Hirschsprung's disease is deficient in NO synthase-containing nerves. Methodology. Using the tetrazolium blue dye method of demonstrating nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase enzymes, we examined eight colon specimens (four aganglionic and four ganglionic) from patients with Hirschsprung's disease for the presence of NO synthase. We further quantified NO synthase enzyme activity in these eight specimens by using the [3H]arginine-to-[3H]citrulline conversion assay. Results. The nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase staining showed that aganglionic colon contained less NO synthase than ganglionic colon. This NO synthase deficiency was located primarily in the nerves of the circular muscle layer of the colon. In addition, there was a striking difference in the NO synthase enzyme activity between aganglionic and ganglionic colon as measured by the [3H]arginine-to-[3H]citrulline conversion assay. Total NO synthase activity, as measured by this assay, was found to be less in aganglionic than in ganglionic colon. When the total activity was divided into its four known isoforms, aganglionic colon was noted to be striking deficient in the isoform derived primarily from nerves. Conclusion. We conclude that aganglionic colon is deficient in NO synthase-containing nerves. This deficiency could prevent smooth muscle relaxation in the aganglionic colon of patients with Hirschsprung's disease.

Acupuncture Modulates Expressions of Nitric Oxide Synthase and c-Fos in Hippocampus After Transient Global Ischemia in Gerbils

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (04) ◽  
pp. 581-590
Author(s):  
Ji-Eun Kang ◽  
Hye-Jung Lee ◽  
Sabina Lim ◽  
Ee-Hwa Kim ◽  
Tae-Hee Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate ◽  
Sham Operation ◽  
Sham Operation Group ◽  
Induction Group ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Common Carotid Arteries ◽  
Ischemia Induction

The effects of acupuncture on the expressions of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and c-Fos in the hippocampus of gerbils after transient ischemia were investigated via nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase (NADPH-d) histochemistry and Fos immunohistochemistry. In animals of the ischemia-induction groups, both common carotid arteries were occluded for 5 minutes. Animals of the acupunctued groups were given acupunctural treatment at Zusanli twice daily for 9 consecutive days. Acupuncture was shown to decrease NADPH-d and c-Fos levels in both the sham-operation group and the ischemia-induction group. These results suggest that acupuncture modulates the expressions of NOS and c-Fos in the hippocampus.

Acupuncture Increases Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression in Hippocampus of Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (02) ◽  
pp. 305-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mi-Hyeon Jang ◽  
Min-Chul Shin ◽  
Baek-Vin Lim ◽  
Hyun-Bae Kim ◽  
Young-Pyo Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide ◽  
Acupuncture Treatment ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetes Group ◽  
Zusanli Acupoint ◽  
Oxide Synthase

In the present study, the effect of acupuncture at Zusanli acupoint on nitric oxide synthase (NOS) expression in the hippocampus of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats was investigated via nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase (NADPH-d) histochemistry. Animals were divided into four groups: the control group, the nondiabetic and acupunctured group, the STZ-induced diabetes group, and the STZ-induced diabetes and acupunctured group. From the results, NADPH-d-positive neurons in the hippocampus were decreased in STZ-induced diabetic rats, while acupuncture increased NOS expression significantly under diabetic conditions. In the present study, it can be suggested that acupuncture treatment may modulate NOS activity in the hippocampus under diabetic conditions.

Nitric Oxide Synthase in Healthy and Inflamed Human Dental Pulp

2004 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 312-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Di Nardo Di Maio ◽  
Z. Lohinai ◽  
C. D’Arcangelo ◽  
P. Esposito De Fazio ◽  
L. Speranza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Dental Pulp ◽  
Third Molar ◽  
Pulp Tissue ◽  
Western Blots ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Enos Mrna ◽  
Human Dental Pulp ◽  
Oxide Synthase

Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of pulpitis. In this study, we hypothesized the existence of endothelial (eNOS) and inducible (iNOS) enzyme isoforms in human dental pulp. Extracted third molar pulps were divided into groups based on clinical diagnosis: healthy, hyperemic, and irreversible pulpitis. We have localized the eNOS and iNOS by immunohistochemistry and have tested their mRNA expression by RT-PCR and protein levels by Western blots. eNOS is present in the endothelial cells and odontoblasts of the healthy pulp, but an elevation of eNOS mRNA and protein levels with a concomitant dilation of vessels was characteristic under pathological conditions. Healthy pulp tissue failed to exhibit any iNOS; however, acute inflammation enhanced the mRNA and protein levels of iNOS, mainly in the leukocytes. There are differences in localization and expression between eNOS and iNOS in healthy and inflamed dental pulp.

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