Changes in Substance use during the Transition to Adulthood: A Comparison of College Students and Their Noncollege Age Peers

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helene R. White ◽  
Erich W. Labouvie ◽  
Vasiliki Papadaratsakis
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
High School ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Emerging Adulthood ◽  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Marijuana Use ◽  
Latent Growth ◽  
Prospective Data

This study examines transitions in alcohol, cigarette, and marijuana use and alcohol- and marijuana-related problems from late adolescence through young adulthood. Men and women who attend college are compared to their peers who do not to determine if the situational/socialization effects of college are unique during this developmental period. Prospective data from a community sample were collected at ages 18, 21, and 30 years. ANOVAs revealed that 18 year olds who transition out of high school, regardless of college status, reported higher levels of substance use than their peers who were still in high school. In addition, nonstudents compared to college students reported higher levels of cigarette and marijuana use in adolescence, emerging adulthood, and young adulthood and higher levels of alcohol- and marijuana-related problems in adolescence and young adulthood. Latent growth curve analyses revealed that college status was related to lower levels of alcohol and marijuana problems at age 18, greater increases from ages 18 to 21, and greater decreases from ages 21 to 30 even after controlling for level and growth in use. Overall, the findings suggest that nonstudents may be a more important target group than college students for drug use prevention efforts during emerging adulthood.

scholarly journals The Revised Inventory of the Dimensions of Emerging Adulthood (IDEA-R) and Substance Use Among College Students

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon-Patrick Allem ◽  
Steve Sussman ◽  
Jennifer B. Unger
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Emerging Adulthood ◽  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
Marijuana Use ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Substance Use Prevention ◽  
Identity Exploration

Transition-to-adulthood themes, or thoughts and feelings about emerging adulthood, have been measured by the Inventory of the Dimensions of Emerging Adulthood (IDEA) and found to be associated with substance use among emerging adults. It has been suggested, however, that the IDEA is lengthy and may not include the most unique and theoretically relevant constructs of emerging adulthood. The Revised Inventory of the Dimensions of Emerging Adulthood (IDEA-R) was developed as an alternative instrument, but research has yet to determine the relationship between the IDEA-R and substance use among emerging adults (ages 18–25 years). College students completed surveys indicating their identification with transition-to-adulthood themes and substance use. Logistic regression models examined the associations between transition-to-adulthood themes and marijuana use and binge drinking, respectively. Participants who felt emerging adulthood was a time of identity exploration were less likely to report marijuana use, while feelings of experimentation/possibility were positively associated with marijuana use and binge drinking. The IDEA-R may be useful for identifying correlates of substance use among emerging adults. Future research should evaluate the IDEA-R among representative samples of emerging adults to confirm the findings of this study. Health professionals working in substance use prevention may consider targeting the themes of identity exploration and experimentation/possibility in programs intended for emerging adults.

Emerging Adults’ Public and Private Discussions of Substance Use on Social Media

2019 ◽  
pp. 216769681986753
Author(s):  
Madeleine J. George ◽  
Samuel E. Ehrenreich ◽  
Kaitlyn Burnell ◽  
Allycen Kurup ◽  
Justin W. Vollet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Marijuana Use ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
12Th Grade ◽  
Twelfth Grade

Substance use increases during emerging adulthood and may relate to higher concurrent and future problems. For a community sample of 140 emerging adults, this study explores the associations between reported alcohol, marijuana, and tobacco use in 12th grade, the content of public posts and private messaging on Facebook during the fall after 12th grade, and self-reported substance use 1 year after high school. About one quarter of participants discussed substances publicly, and nearly half discussed substances privately on Facebook as observationally coded by researchers. Twelfth-grade substance use predicted the probability of engaging in public and private substance-related discussions. Tobacco and marijuana use predicted the frequency of private messaging about substances. Public and private online substance discussions predicted positive changes in marijuana use 1 year later. Results from this study suggest that social media discussions about substances, particularly private messages, may signal and shape emerging adults’ substance use behaviors.

Daily-level effects of alcohol, marijuana, and simultaneous use on young adults’ perceived sleep health

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Graupensperger ◽  
Anne M Fairlie ◽  
Michael V Vitiello ◽  
Jason R Kilmer ◽  
Mary E Larimer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Marijuana Use ◽  
Sleep Health ◽  
Subjective Sleep Quality ◽  
Subjective Sleep ◽  
Combined Use

Abstract Study Objectives Simultaneous alcohol and marijuana (SAM) use is increasingly prevalent among young adults but has adverse health consequences. The current study examined daily-level associations between perceived sleep health and SAM use, relative to non-substance-use days and alcohol- or marijuana-only days. We also estimated linear associations between alcohol/marijuana use and perceived sleep health and explored whether effects were moderated by combined use of alcohol and marijuana. Methods A community sample of SAM-using young adults (N=409; Mage=21.61, SD=2.17; 50.9% female; 48.2% White; 48.9% college students) completed twice-daily surveys for five 14-day sampling bursts. Daily measurements assessed substance use and perceived sleep health in terms of subjective sleep quality, negative impact of sleep on functioning, and symptoms of insomnia. Results Multilevel models indicated that, relative to non-substance-use days, participants reported poorer perceived sleep health on alcohol-only days, better perceived sleep health on marijuana-only days, and mixed evidence regarding SAM use (i.e., fewer perceived symptoms of insomnia, but poorer perceived next day functioning attributed to sleep). Daily-level estimates showed increased alcohol use was associated with poorer perceived sleep health, while stronger effects from marijuana were associated with better perceived sleep health. Across all indices of sleep health, only one linear association was moderated by combined use: The adverse association between alcohol and next day functioning was weaker on days alcohol was combined with marijuana. Conclusions Findings provide additional evidence for daily-level effects of alcohol and marijuana use on perceived sleep health and address an important literature gap regarding potential adverse effects of SAM use.

Predicting Substance Use from Childhood Aggression and Prosocial Behaviour

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle Quigley ◽  
Stefania Maggi
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Emerging Adulthood ◽  
Relational Aggression ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Marijuana Use ◽  
Childhood Aggression ◽  
Prosocial Behaviour ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Maternal Reports

This research uses a longitudinal design to examine aggression and prosocial behaviour as early predictors of substance use behaviours in emerging adulthood. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (NLSCY), self- and maternal reports of early engagement in relationally and physically aggressive behaviours and prosocial behaviours are examined as predictors of cigarette smoking, marijuana use, and alcohol use in emerging adulthood. Using multinomial regression analyses we found that maternal reports of relational aggression significantly predicted daily smoking whereas self-reports did not. Maternal reports of relational and physical aggression did not predict alcohol use and marijuana use; however, self-reports of relational aggression and prosocial behaviour predicted weekly marijuana use in this representative Canadian sample.

scholarly journals Motives for Alcohol and Marijuana Use as Predictors of Use and Problem Use Among Young Adult College Students

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-377
Author(s):  
Akilah Patterson ◽  
Milkie Vu ◽  
Regine Haardörfer ◽  
Michael Windle ◽  
Carla J. Berg
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Problem Drinking ◽  
Marijuana Use ◽  
Problem Alcohol Use ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Alcohol Users ◽  
Problem Alcohol

This study examined (a) differences between alcohol-only users and alcohol–marijuana co-users and (b) motives for use in relation to alcohol and marijuana use and problem use. Spring 2016 data among 1,870 past 4-month alcohol users (63.6% female, 69.1% White) from seven Georgia colleges/universities were analyzed cross-sectionally and with regard to problem use measured 4 months later. Correlates of co-use ( n = 345; vs. alcohol-only use, n = 1,525) included greater alcohol and marijuana use frequency, problem drinking and marijuana use, and alcohol use motives ( p’s < .05). Controlling for covariates, alcohol use frequency correlated with greater marijuana use frequency and Coping and Self-enhancement alcohol use motives, but lower Conformity alcohol use motives ( p’s < .001); greater Coping and Self-enhancement alcohol use motives ( p’s < .01) predicted problem alcohol use. Marijuana use frequency correlated with greater Coping and Expansion marijuana use motives ( p’s < .05); greater Expansion marijuana use motives ( p = .005) predicted problem marijuana use. College-based substance use interventions should target Coping and Self-enhancement alcohol use motives and Expansion marijuana use motives.

scholarly journals Competitive sports participation in high school and subsequent substance use in young adulthood: Assessing differences based on level of contact

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Veliz ◽  
John Schulenberg ◽  
Megan Patrick ◽  
Deborah Kloska ◽  
Sean Esteban McCabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Sports Participation ◽  
Competitive Sports

High School Educational Success and Subsequent Substance Use: A Panel Analysis Following Adolescents into Young Adulthood

1994 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Schulenberg ◽  
Jerald G. Bachman ◽  
Patrick M. O'Malley ◽  
Lloyd D. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Educational Success ◽  
Panel Analysis

scholarly journals Tobacco Use Trajectories in Young Adults: Analyses of Predictors Across Systems Levels

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 2075-2084
Author(s):  
Carla J Berg ◽  
Regine Haardörfer ◽  
Angela Lanier ◽  
Donyale Childs ◽  
Bruce Foster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Marijuana Use ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Multinomial Regression ◽  
Adult College Students ◽  
College Type

Abstract Introduction Research is needed to examine trajectories of tobacco use beyond cigarette smoking, particularly during emerging middle young adulthood, and to identify distinct multilevel influences of use trajectories. Aims and Methods We examined (1) tobacco use trajectories over a 2-year period among 2592 young adult college students in a longitudinal cohort study and (2) predictors of these trajectories using variables from a socioecological framework, including intrapersonal-level factors (eg, sociodemographics, psychosocial factors [eg, adverse childhood experiences, depressive symptoms, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms], early-onset substance use), interpersonal factors (eg, social support, parental substance use), and community-level factors (eg, college type, rural vs. urban). Results About 64.5% were female and 65.0% were white. From age 18 to 26, 27%–31% of participants reported past 30-day use of any tobacco product. We identified four trajectory classes: Abstainers/Dabblers who never or infrequently used (89.2%); Adult users who began using frequently around age 20 and continued thereafter (5.9%); College Smokers who began using before 19 but ceased use around 25 (2.5%); and Teenage users who used during their teenage years but ceased use by 22 (1.9%). Multinomial regression showed that, compared to Abstainers/Dabblers, significant predictors (p &lt; .05) of being (1) Adult users included being male, earlier onset marijuana use, attending public universities or technical colleges (vs. private universities), and living in urban areas; (2) College users included being male, earlier onset marijuana use, and parental alcohol or marijuana use; and (3) Teenage users included only earlier onset marijuana use. Conclusion Distinct prevention and intervention efforts may be needed to address the trajectories identified. Implications Among young adult college students, the largest proportion of tobacco users demonstrate the risk of continued and/or progression of tobacco use beyond college. In addition, specific factors, particularly sex, earlier onset marijuana use, parental use of alcohol and marijuana, and contextual factors such as college setting (type of school, rural vs. urban) may influence tobacco use outcomes. As such, prevention and cessation intervention strategies are needed to address multilevel influences.

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