Community Participation and Teacher Bargaining: A Clash of Interests?

1976 ◽  
Vol 158 (3) ◽  
pp. 48-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth W. Haskins ◽  
Charles W. Cheng
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Collective Bargaining ◽  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Teacher Unions ◽  
Community Control ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Basic Premise ◽  
Power Base ◽  
Parent Union

The basic premise of our discussion is that collective bargaining in education constitutes an exclusionary process when it comes to direct citizen participation. This exclusionary structure came into direct conflict with the movement for community control which was based on broad-range inclusionary process. First, there will be a review of two developments in the evolution of collective bargaining. Attention will concentrate on teacher organization and community alliances that existed in some urban centers prior to teacher unions becoming a power base in educational politics. An analysis then will be offered detailing how the demands of teacher unions and the movement for community control led to the erosion of parent/union cooperation. Second, an account of parent discontent with the present bargaining structure will be cited. Thirdly, to concretely illustrate the exclusionary nature of bargaining and the troubling issues being negotiated which are of general citizen concern, a brief analysis will be made of the 1975 teacher/board strike settlements in New York City and Boston. Finally, based on our first-hand experience with negotiations and a review of the evidence, we shall conclude by arguing for a radical alternative to the prevailing negotiations structure.

Critique of the Citizen Participation Movement in Education

1977 ◽  
Vol 159 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilyn Gittell
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Citizen Participation ◽  
York City ◽  
Governance Structure ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Community Control ◽  
Bargaining Process ◽  
School Budgets ◽  
Adequate Provision

The demand for community participation in education has resulted in many school systems adopting some form of decentralization. In many cases, this “participation” has been illusory. The decentralization which occurred did not result in increased decision making power being allocated to the community, but rather in merely physically decentralizing the existing school bureaucracy. The current situation in New York City provides a number of insights into what can be expected as school budgets are cut as a result of fewer resources and decreases in school enrollments. The community school boards, which had no input into the collective bargaining process, are now pitted against the professional educational establishment — the Board of Education and the United Federation of Teachers. Both in New York City and elsewhere, those who control the school bureaucracy have excluded the community from playing a significant role in the policy-making process. The governance structure of American education must be changed so that the community will have greater control over its educational institutions. Properly instituted, community control is an instrument of social change. If adequate provision is made for the technical resources to carry out this new role, citizen participation has the potential for providing new insights into our concepts of professionalism and our general theories of educational expertise.

scholarly journals New York City House Mice (Mus musculus) as Potential Reservoirs for Pathogenic Bacteria and Antimicrobial Resistance Determinants

mBio ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. e00624-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon H. Williams ◽  
Xiaoyu Che ◽  
Ashley Paulick ◽  
Cheng Guo ◽  
Bohyun Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
York City ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
House Mice ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes

ABSTRACTHouse mice (Mus musculus) thrive in large urban centers worldwide. Nonetheless, little is known about the role that they may play in contributing to environmental contamination with potentially pathogenic bacteria. Here, we describe the fecal microbiome of house mice with emphasis on detection of pathogenic bacteria and antimicrobial resistance genes by molecular methods. Four hundred sixteen mice were collected from predominantly residential buildings in seven sites across New York City over a period of 13 months. 16S rRNA sequencing identifiedBacteroidetesas dominant and revealed high levels ofProteobacteria. A targeted PCR screen of 11 bacteria, as indicated by 16S rRNA analyses, found that mice are carriers of several gastrointestinal disease-causing agents, includingShigella,Salmonella,Clostridium difficile, and diarrheagenicEscherichia coli. Furthermore, genes mediating antimicrobial resistance to fluoroquinolones (qnrB) and β-lactam drugs (blaSHVandblaACT/MIR) were widely distributed. Culture and molecular strain typing ofC. difficilerevealed that mice harbor ribotypes associated with human disease, and screening of kidney samples demonstrated genetic evidence of pathogenicLeptospiraspecies. In concert, these findings support the need for further research into the role of house mice as potential reservoirs for human pathogens and antimicrobial resistance in the built environment.IMPORTANCEMice are commensal pests often found in close proximity to humans, especially in urban centers. We surveyed mice from seven sites across New York City and found multiple pathogenic bacteria associated with febrile and gastrointestinal disease as well as an array of antimicrobial resistance genes.

Urban Cyberspace Initiatives: Design Technology in Urban Centers

1998 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Bowman ◽  
Alan Shaw ◽  
Allen Hammond ◽  
Bruce Lincoln
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Inner City ◽  
York City ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Public Access ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Access Technology ◽  
Geographic Locations ◽  
Technology Centers

This article presents the evolution of the Urban CyberSpace Initiative (UCSI) as the result of the convergence of work carried out in parallel by the four authors over the years 1992–1997. This article will look at the work as it developed and evolved from the early formation of public access technology centers in urban inner-city communities to the design and deployment of advanced high speed multimedia Internet projects. The Urban CyberSpace Initiative will analyze the reasons for its formation as it has been applied to the problems and needs expressed in the geographic locations of New York City, New York; Albany, New York; Boston, Massachusetts; and Newark, New Jersey. UCSI will present a set of findings in the form of a procedural methodology designed to lead us to an attainable end-in-view: the economically sustainable urban, inner city technological oasis.

The Economic Impact of Tuberculosis in Hospitals in New York City: A Preliminary Analysis

1993 ◽  
Vol 21 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 317-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter S. Arno ◽  
Christopher J.L. Murray ◽  
Karen A. Bonuck ◽  
Philip Alcabes
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Health Resources ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Public Health Crisis ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
The City

There is a nationwide resurgence of tuberculosis (TB) in the country’s urban centers; New York City stands at the forefront of this resurgence. The root causes are increased homelessness, drug addiction and poverty, all symbols of deteriorating social and economic conditions in the city. The inadequate level of public health resources devoted to TB has also contributed to its spread. Still, even with these factors, it is questionable whether the escalating number of TB cases in this country would have occurred without the reservoir of immunosuppressed persons, who are less resistant to the disease, created by the AIDS epidemic. The fear and urgency of this public health crisis, which has been emerging since the beginning of the last decade, are fueled by the rise of TB strains resistant to the first-line drugs and by the disease’s contagiousness.

Neighborhood Activism in Planning for New York City, 1945-1975

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 1261-1289
Author(s):  
Marci Reaven
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Citizen Participation ◽  
York City ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Social Innovation ◽  
Democratic Action ◽  
Cumulative Process ◽  
The Times

The practice of city planning in New York City was transformed in the decades after World War II. At the start of this period, the system was characterized by little citizen involvement and no transparency. By the mid-1970s, citizens had become accepted participants in land-use decision-making, and formal procedures for involving citizens in planning had been written into local law. This article explores how this turning point in citizen participation came about by focusing on the Cooper Square Committee—an ambitious practitioner of neighborhood activism on the Lower East Side of Manhattan. Setting the Committee’s quest in the participatory context of the times uncovers a groundswell of voluntary groups who used the city’s neighborhoods as forums for democratic action. Along with government actors, planning professionals, and civic and social agencies, such groups contributed to the transformation in planning, which developed not by premeditated campaign but by a cumulative process of public problem-solving and social innovation.

Employers' Associations and Collective Bargaining in New York City

ILR Review ◽  
1951 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 611
Author(s):  
Lois MacDonald ◽  
Jesse Thomas Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Collective Bargaining ◽  
York City

scholarly journals “Labor’s Monkey Wrench”: Newsweekly Coverage of the 1962-63 New York Newspaper Strike

2006 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
James F Tracy
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Collective Bargaining ◽  
York City ◽  
Textual Analysis ◽  
Union Local ◽  
World Report ◽  
Printing Processes

Abstract: This article provides a frame and textual analysis of coverage appearing in Time, Newsweek, and U.S. News & World Report of the 114-day 1962-63 strike of the International Typographical Union Local 6 against New York City newspapers. The strike was particularly important for asserting the union’s collective bargaining rights and establishing its stance on automated printing processes. Analysis of the newsweeklies’ treatment of the strike suggests how these outlets related the event in terms favourable to the newspaper publishers, while misrepresenting or disparaging the union’s position in and justification for the strike. Résumé : Cet article propose une analyse textuelle de la couverture médiatique de Time, Newsweek et U.S. News & World Report de la grève qui opposait l’International Typographical Union Local 6 aux quotidiens new-yorkais, conflit qui a duré 114 jours en 1962-63. La grève a été particulièrement importante dans l’affirmation des droits syndicaux à la négociation collective et dans le positionnement des syndicats face aux processus d’impression automatisés. Une analyse de la manière dont les hebdomadaires ont couvert la grève suggère que ces derniers ont relaté l’événement de manière à favoriser les éditeurs des journaux tout en déformant, voire en dénigrant, la position du syndicat sur la grève et sa façon de justifier celle-ci.

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