The Marketing Channel: Who Should Lead this Extra-corporate Organization?

Corporate organization and activities extend beyond conventional ownership limits in a variety of ways. The marketing channel, for example, exerts substantial influence on the firm's internal activities. Organization structure and processes in the corporation information and control systems are affected by channel considerations. Arguments have been raised against attempts by one channel member to direct the efforts of all or part of an interorganizational vertical network. However, most scholars are believed to support the view that some form and degree of leadership is desirable and, at any rate, manifest in many day-to-day exchange activities. This article asks three important questions: Who has the ability to lead channels? Who is in the best position to do so? Who should lead?

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Influence of organization structure on design and implementation of effective planning and control systems

South African Journal of Business Management ◽

10.4102/sajbm.v10i1.1255 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

M. D. Groch

Keyword(s):

Organizational Structure ◽

Control Systems ◽

Organization Structure ◽

Management Control ◽

Structural Determinants ◽

Organizational Growth ◽

Design And Implementation ◽

Planning And Control ◽

Management Hierarchy ◽

And Control

Aspects of organizational structure that influence the design and implementation of planning and control systems are discussed. The role of organization structure, planning systems and control systems in organizations is described, showing the interaction of each with the others. The spectrum of planning and control, in terms of Anthony's model, interfaces between organization structure, strategic planning, management control and operational control, as well as structural determinants of specialization, responsibility, management hierarchy, authority and financial systems are analysed, describing how each dictates in some way the nature of planning and control systems. Organizational growth and its effects on required changes to organizational structure and planning and control systems are described, and mention is made of the sterile nature of organization structure and planning and control systems and of the effects of human behaviour on organizational performance.Aspekte van organisasiestruktuur wat die ontwerp en implementering van beplanning- en beheersisteme bernvloed word bespreek. Die rol van organisasiestruktuur, beplanningsisteme en beheersisteme in organisasie en die onderlinge wisselwerking daarvan word aangetoon en die spektrum van beplanning en beheer word bespreek in terme van Anthony se model, met 'n ontleding van die koppelvlakke tussen organisasiestruktuur, strategiese beplanning, bestuursbeheer en bedryfsbeheer. Strukturele determinante van spesialisasie, verantwoordelikheid, bestuurshierargie, gesag en finansiele stelsels word ontleed en daar word beskryf hoe elk op een of ander manier die aard van beplanning- en beheersisteme voorskryf. Organisasie-groei, en die uitwerking daarvan op die nodige veranderinge in organisasiestruktuur en beplanning- en beheerstelsels word aangedui; en daar word kortliks op die steriele aard van organisasiestruktuur en beplanning- en beheerstelsels, sowel as die uitwerking van menslike gedrag op organlsasie-prestasie, gedui.

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DMAIC – SIX SIGMA

Revista Relayn - Micro y Pequeñas empresas en Latinoamérica ◽

10.46990/relayn.2021.5.3.174 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 164-190

Author(s):

Ramón García González ◽

Senén Juárez León ◽

Iniria Guevara Ramírez ◽

José Ernesto Clemente García Pérez

Keyword(s):

Control Systems ◽

Six Sigma ◽

Lean Manufacturing ◽

Garment Industry ◽

And Control ◽

Do So

El presente estudio es una investigación aplicada que tiene como objetivo adaptar la filosofía de manufactura esbelta a la industria de la confección, como una estrategia para permanecer dentro del mercado globalizado mediante la herramienta DMAIC; el nombre es un acrónimo de los pasos de la metodología: definir, medir, analizar, mejorar y controlar. Para ello, se elaboró un diagnóstico en las empresas maquiladoras con el propósito de determinar las causas que generan la baja productividad del sector maquilero; posteriormente, se cuantificó las variables que afectan a la productividad y se continuó con un análisis e integración de sistemas de mejora y control de los métodos para garantizar la permanencia de este tipo de empresas en un mercado globalizado. AbstractThis research is an applied investigation whose objective is to adapt lean manufacturing philosophy to the garment industry as a strategy to maintain itself in a globalized market with the use of DMAIC framework; the name is an acronym which represents the steps of the methodology: define, measure analyze, implement, and control. To do so, a diagnosis of maquiladora (assembly) companies with the purpose of determining what causes low productivity in the maquilero sector; subsequently, variables which affect productivity were quantified and we continued with an analysis and the incorporation of methods of improvement and control systems to ensure permanence of these types of companies in a globalized market.

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Electron Microscopy of a Herpesvirus Isolated from Marek's Disease in Duck and Chicken Embryo Fibroblast Cultures

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100100858 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 26 ◽

pp. 222-223 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Keyvan Nazerian

Keyword(s):

Inclusion Bodies ◽

Chicken Embryo Fibroblast ◽

Marek's Disease ◽

Marek’S Disease ◽

Duck Embryo Fibroblast ◽

Multinucleated Cells ◽

Viral Particles ◽

Infected Cells ◽

And Control ◽

Do So

A herpes-like virus has been isolated from duck embryo fibroblast (DEF) cultures inoculated with blood from Marek's disease (MD) infected birds. Cultures which contained this virus produced MD in susceptible chickens while virus negative cultures and control cultures failed to do so. This and other circumstantial evidence including similarities in properties of the virus and the MD agent implicate this virus in the etiology of MD.Histochemical studies demonstrated the presence of DNA-staining intranuclear inclusion bodies in polykarocytes in infected cultures. Distinct nucleo-plasmic aggregates were also seen in sections of similar multinucleated cells examined with the electron microscope. These aggregates are probably the same as the inclusion bodies seen with the light microscope. Naked viral particles were observed in the nucleus of infected cells within or on the edges of the nucleoplasmic aggregates. These particles measured 95-100mμ, in diameter and rarely escaped into the cytoplasm or nuclear vesicles by budding through the nuclear membrane (Fig. 1). The enveloped particles (Fig. 2) formed in this manner measured 150-170mμ in diameter and always had a densely stained nucleoid. The virus in supernatant fluids consisted of naked capsids with 162 hollow, cylindrical capsomeres (Fig. 3). Enveloped particles were not seen in such preparations.

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