Classifying “Micro” Routine Activities of Street-level Drug Transactions

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 466-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajima Olaghere ◽  
Cynthia Lum
Keyword(s):  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Police Department ◽  
Routine Activities ◽  
Routine Activities Theory ◽  
Baltimore City ◽  
Street Level ◽  
Drug Crime ◽  
Social Observation ◽  
Crime Scripts ◽  
Crime Event

Objectives: Routine activities theory attempts to link the intersection of individuals’ everyday routine activities to crime events at particular places. This study examines crime events not just as the product of intersecting macroroutine activities but also microroutines (similar to crime “scripts”) that occur immediately before, during, and after a crime event occurs. Method: Closed-circuit television (CCTV) footage was accessed through Baltimore City Police Department from 2010 to 2011. Ethnographic techniques and systematic social observation of CCTV footage were used to categorize the microroutines of 74 street-level illicit drug transactions. Results: The findings illuminate eight microroutines of drug crime events that classify behaviors associated with illicit drug activity. Conclusions: This study advances our understanding of the link between routine activities and drug crime by examining how illicit transactions unfold from microroutines using a rarely employed, but fruitful source of data (CCTV footage).

Is There a Civilizing Effect on Citizens? Testing the Pre-Conditions for Body Worn Camera-Induced Behavior Change

2021 ◽  
pp. 109861112199671
Author(s):  
Quin Patterson ◽  
Michael D. White
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Change ◽  
Use Of Force ◽  
Police Department ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Mental Capacity ◽  
Systematic Social Observation ◽  
Social Observation ◽  
Gap Data

The cause(s) of reduced use of force and complaints following police body-worn camera (BWC) deployment remain unclear, though some argue that BWCs generate a civilizing effect on citizen behavior. This potential effect rests on four pre-conditions: (1) BWC presence and citizen awareness; (2) BWC activation; (3) Escalated citizen behavior or the potential for escalation; (4) Citizen mental capacity for BWC awareness. Prior research has not established the civilizing effect’s existence, or how often these pre-conditions are met; this study aims to fill that gap. Data was collected during systematic social observation (SSO) of 166 encounters between citizens and officers in the Tempe, Arizona Police Department. The results tell a simple story. Two pre-conditions (activation, citizen mental capacity) are consistently met; awareness and escalated behavior are not. Overall, 1.2% of encounters saw all pre-conditions met. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications for research on BWCs.

Workplace Cyberbullying: A Criminological and Routine Activity Perspective

2021 ◽  
pp. 026839622110278
Author(s):  
Sixuan Zhang ◽  
Dorothy Leidner ◽  
Xin Cao ◽  
Ning Liu
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Spanning ◽  
Routine Activities ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Routine Activities Theory ◽  
Routine Activity ◽  
General Theory Of Crime ◽  
Theory Of Crime ◽  
Low Self Control ◽  
The U.S

Extant research on the antecedents of workplace cyberbullying pays little attention to the role of perpetrator traits in influencing workplace cyberbullying, as well as the unique occurrence context that distinguishes workplace cyberbullying with juvenile cyberbullying, workplace bullying, and adult cyberbullying in general. To fill these gaps, we consider the antecedents of workplace cyberbullying under the theoretical lens of the general theory of crime and routine activities theory. We build a model incorporating low self-control, a widely discussed perpetrator trait in criminology theories, with three types of routine activities representing the unique occurrence context for workplace cyberbullying--mWork, boundary spanning in ESM, and proactive email checking. We tested our model with 2025 employees in the U.S.. Our findings demonstrate that low self-control and the three routine activities are strong motivators for workplace cyberbullying. Our findings further show that the effect of low self-control on workplace cyberbullying is amplified by the three routine activities. The study contributes to our understanding of why workplace cyberbullying occurs and offers potential implications for managers interested in reducing incidences of workplace cyberbullying in their organization.

Does hotel class moderate the impact of crime on operating performance?

2020 ◽  
pp. 135481662094904
Author(s):  
Yang Yang ◽  
Nan Hua
Keyword(s):  
Operating Performance ◽  
Routine Activities ◽  
Econometric Models ◽  
Routine Activities Theory ◽  
Luxury Hotels ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Theory Framework

Hotel guests are more likely to be targeted by criminals than local residents, and the hotel business is particularly vulnerable to various crimes. This study investigates whether guests prefer to stay at luxury hotels when in insecure neighborhoods to reduce the risk of victimization. Using monthly property-level data from 352 hotels between 2010 and 2014 in Houston, Texas, we estimate a series of econometric models to investigate the impact of crime. Results suggest that hotel class moderates the effect of crime on lodging performance, and high-end hotels are less influenced by crime incidents. For luxury hotels, this effect is further moderated by the lodging market structure of vicinity such that the effect is smaller for luxury hotels in a more concentrated market. Lastly, this study carefully addresses theoretical implications that confirm the routine activities theory framework as well as practical implications that suggest measures and strategies handling various impacts related to crime and hotel class studied herein.

scholarly journals Mapping method in research of drug crime regional criminological features (Ukraine taken as an example)

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 01011
Author(s):  
Andriy Babenko ◽  
Ruslan Tarasenko ◽  
Oleksandr Ostrohliadov
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Drug Trafficking ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Mapping Method ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Criminological Theory ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
The Public ◽  
Drug Crime ◽  
Illicit Drug Trafficking

General national average drug crime rates on which the contemporary criminological theory and practice is based do not adequately reflect regional peculiarities in the field of illicit drug trafficking as they level high quality/quantity parameters in some areas and their lower values in others. Still, consideration of only national totals in organization of crime counteraction leads to incomplete information, neglecting its negative trends in certain areas, thus, causing aberration of the actual drug crime situation and using improper countermeasures. Under such circumstances the state law enforcement agencies do not operate preemptively against the illicit drug trafficking, do not contain in due time outbreaks of drug crime in certain areas- crime donors, and, as a result, the efficiency of steps aimed at drug addiction prevention as well as crime limitation in total becomes substantively deteriorated. Criminological mapping method enables the territorial police divisions to monitor existing criminological situation, inform the public and other law enforcement agencies on trends and locations of drug crime expansion, and reveal the most affected areas to be able to react promptly to crime pattern changes in regions. The application of this method enabled the evident demonstration of the fact that in Ukraine the Eastern and Southern areas were most affected by drug crime, wherein the affection factor in this part is twice higher than general national value.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document