Simulation modelling of plant diseases to rationalize fungicide use

1978 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 273-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
P S Teng ◽  
M J Blackie ◽  
R C Close
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Modelling ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Puccinia Hordei ◽  
Pesticide Use ◽  
Crop Loss ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Insurance Policy ◽  
Form Part ◽  
Barley Leaf ◽  
Systems Simulation

The use of systems simulation modelling to predict crop loss and cost/effectiveness of pesticide use may reduce the need for schedule spraying of crops as an “insurance policy” against disease. The barley leaf rust (Puccinia hordei) model described here will form part of an information system designed to provide rapid feedback of information on disease development which the farmer can then use to assess benefits to be expected from spraying as opposed to the costs of application.

Modelling the risk of different joining times and lamb sale policies

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (10) ◽  
pp. 1694 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Robertson ◽  
A. F. Southwell ◽  
M. A. Friend
Keyword(s):  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Simulation Modelling ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Feed Resources ◽  
Systems Simulation ◽  
Gross Margins ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Stocking Rates

Month of joining and lamb sale strategy influence both the quantity and so value of lamb produced, and the feed required, so are important management decisions contributing to the profitability of sheep systems. Simulation modelling was used to evaluate the impact on gross margins of three lamb sale strategies for different months of joining and varying stocking rates. A flock of purchased Merino ewes producing crossbred lambs in southern Australia was modelled between 1971 and 2011. April joining produced higher gross margins than November or January only if the number of ewes per hectare was increased to potential carrying capacity. At the optimum stocking rate for each month of joining, three sale policies – a flexible lamb sale policy (where lambs were sold depending on seasonal conditions); selling lambs in December; or selling at 45-kg liveweight, all produced a similar mean gross margin, but the feed resources required were least using the flexible strategy (April-joined mean 195 ± 253 s.d. kg/ha for flexible compared with 219 ± 270 kg/ha if selling December or 1085 ± 459 kg/ha if sold at 45 kg). Mean gross margin differed between sale strategies by up to AU$66/ha if the optimal stocking rate was not used. These results suggest that the most advantageous lamb sale strategy will vary with both month of joining and stocking rate used, and should be considered when optimising sheep management systems.

scholarly journals Mapping genes for resistance to Puccinia hordei in barley

2003 ◽  
Vol 54 (12) ◽  
pp. 1323 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Park ◽  
D. Poulsen ◽  
A. R. Barr ◽  
M. Cakir ◽  
D. B. Moody ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Recombinant Inbred ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Puccinia Hordei ◽  
Barley Leaf Rust ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Population ◽  
Rust Pathogen ◽  
Barley Leaf

Six doubled haploid barley populations (Alexis × Sloop, Chebec × Harrington, Arapiles × Franklin, Patty × Tallon, Tallon × Kaputar, and Sloop × Halcyon) and a recombinant inbred population (WI2875-1 × Alexis) were assessed for response to selected pathotypes of the barley leaf rust pathogen, Puccinia hordei, at the seedling growth stage. Resistance genes were postulated for the parents of each population based on their reaction to selected pathotypes. In most cases, the resistance genes postulated in the cultivars were validated by QTL mapping analyses of the progeny populations. The resistance genes detected and mapped were Rph2, Rph3, Rph4, Rph12, and Rph19. The chromosomal locations of these 5 genes were consistent with previous reports, with Rph2 mapping near to the centromere on the short arm of chromosome 5H, Rph4 mapping to chromosome 1H, Rph12 mapping to the long arm of chromosome 5H, and Rph3 and Rph19 mapping ~30 cM apart on the long arm of chromosome 7H.

Variation in partial resistance to barley leaf rust (Puccinia hordei) and agronomic characters of Ethiopian landrace lines

Euphytica ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 158 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 139-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Getaneh Woldeab ◽  
Chemeda Fininsa ◽  
Harjit Singh ◽  
Jonathan Yuen ◽  
Jose Crossa
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Partial Resistance ◽  
Puccinia Hordei ◽  
Agronomic Characters ◽  
Barley Leaf Rust ◽  
Barley Leaf

scholarly journals Farmers perception and awareness about agriculture insurance scheme – a study of north karnataka

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
N Maruti Rao
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Crop Insurance ◽  
High Time ◽  
Crop Loss ◽  
Insurance Company ◽  
Insurance Policy ◽  
Insurance Scheme ◽  
Indian Economy ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Awareness Programme

Agriculture is considered the backbone of Indian economy. The agriculture sector determines the growth and sustainability of Indian economy. About 52% of India’s workforce and 21% of India’s population still relies on agriculture for employment and livelihood. In spite of this, 197 farmers had committed suicide in 2015 in Karnataka (till September) and North-Karnataka accounted for 25 percent of such suicide cases compared to an average of 15 percent in remaining 5 regions of Karnataka (as per political map of Karnataka). As per the officials from agriculture department, none of the farmers who committed suicide had taken a crop insurance policy. These lives might have been saved if the crop is insured against climate change. As per the records of Agriculture Insurance Company of India (AIC) Ltd, only 16.3 percent of all farmers in Karnataka are covered under the NAIS. In the light of this observation, the researcher felt that it is high time to assess the awareness and existing knowledge about crop insurance among farmers. It is also necessary to assess perception of farmers about crop insurance. The study reveals that farmers have lot of faith in Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana. They have strong confidence in PMFBY that it will provide security against Crop Loss. However, they opined that there is no provision in the policy for risk coverage of both Kharif and Rabi Seasons. It is suggested that crop insurance should be delivered along with crop loan through banks. The agriculture department (GOK) should conduct an awareness programme in collaboration with Management Educational Institutes. This will not only help in creation of awareness but also educating farmers about crop insurance

scholarly journals Pesticide Use Related to Pesticide Poisoning Factors and the Impact of Pesticide Exposure on Health

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Angie Adel ◽  
Barlenti Akefiwad
Keyword(s):  
Pesticide Exposure ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Average Level ◽  
Pesticide Use ◽  
Pesticide Poisoning ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
The Impact

Pesticides are chemicals used to kill pests, both insects, fungi and weeds. Pesticides have been widely used for the purpose of eradicating pests and plant diseases in agriculture. The classification of the severity of pesticide exposure seen from the activities carried out is divided into four categories ranging from the lowest to the highest. A person with increasing age causes the metabolism function to decrease, so the average level of cholinestrase in the blood will be lower, making it easier for pesticide poisoning. Many studies have shown that there is a close relationship between the lengths of pesticide exposure

scholarly journals Validating molecular markers for barley leaf rust resistance genes Rph20 and Rph24

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
PM Dracatos ◽  
RF Park ◽  
D Singh
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance ◽  
Puccinia Hordei ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Barley Leaf Rust ◽  
Efficient Gene ◽  
Barley Leaf ◽  
Barley Germplasm

Improving resistance to barley leaf rust (caused by Puccinia hordei) is an important breeding objective in most barley growing regions worldwide. The development and subsequent utilisation of high-throughput PCR-based co-dominant molecular markers remains an effective approach to select genotypes with multiple effective resistance genes, permitting efficient gene deployment and stewardship. The genes Rph20 and Rph24 confer widely effective adult plant resistance (APR) to leaf rust, are common in European and Australian barley germplasm (often in combination), and act interactively to confer high levels of resistance (Dracatos et al. 2015; Zeims et al. 2017; Singh et al. 2018). Here we report on the development and validation of co-dominant insertion-deletion (indel) based PCR markers that are highly predictive for the Rph20 and Rph24 resistances.

scholarly journals Validating molecular markers for barley leaf rust resistance genes Rph20 and Rph24

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Dracatos ◽  
Robert F Park ◽  
Davinder Singh
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance ◽  
Puccinia Hordei ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Barley Leaf Rust ◽  
Efficient Gene ◽  
Barley Leaf ◽  
Barley Germplasm

Improving resistance to barley leaf rust (caused by Puccinia hordei) is an important breeding objective in most barley growing regions worldwide. The development and subsequent utilization of high-throughput polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based co-dominant molecular markers remains an effective approach to select genotypes with multiple effective resistance genes, permitting efficient gene deployment and stewardship. The genes Rph20 and Rph24, which confer widely effective adult plant resistance (APR) to leaf rust, are common in European and Australian barley germplasm (often in combination), and act interactively to confer high levels of resistance. Here we report on the development and validation of co-dominant insertion-deletion (indel) based PCR markers that are highly predictive for the resistance alleles Rph20.ai and Rph24.an (both referred to as Rph20 and Rph24).

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