An Overview on Tuberculosis and Worldwide Steps to Combat TB Including Awareness Programme in India

Objectives of current review is to collate history of Tuberculosis (TB), overview of the current literature on epidemiology, world health organisations (WHO) recent strategic plan to overcome and eliminate TB from the root, and to determine current knowledge gaps for control of TB. This study is a review, a descriptive approach of state-of-science for better treatment strategies for TB. The article finds that to reach to end TB goal, WHO, we have to follow the guideline of who about TB control, along with that the Indian government also maintained awareness program. Current findings on TB suggest that with the development of science and technology, researches being conducted to minimise the drug resistance tuberculosis, as well as WHO sets new strategy to fight against TB, which could potentially change the casual outlook of the people towards their health habits, health issues, and will help them in future to tackle from this deadly killer disease.

The evaluation of a training course to enhance intellectual disability awareness amongst law enforcement officers: a pilot study

Objectives: Disability awareness training is mandated by the United Nations Convention on People with Disabilities (UNCRPD), but there is a paucity of evidence regarding the systematic evaluation of the effectiveness of such training. This study describes the evaluation of a pilot intellectual disability awareness programme for law enforcement officers (LEOs) in Ireland. Methods: Pre-and post-training Likert scales and a semi-structured survey were used to evaluate the effectiveness of an intellectual disabilities awareness programme delivered to LEOs. Quantitative differences in Likert scores and thematic analyses of practice-based responses were used in evaluation. Results: Twenty-two LEOs participated in the training and 11 completed the evaluation cycle. Statistically significant improvements were found in participants’ self-rated knowledge of intellectual disability, their understanding of the challenges faced by people with intellectual disabilities in law enforcement interactions, their communication skills and their knowledge of how to approach a person with a disability in crisis. Thematic analysis excavated potential practical application of learning around pre-arrest considerations, recognition of disability, communication skills and need for procedural safeguards. Conclusions: An approach grounded in the views of people with intellectual disabilities and with emphasis on recognition of disability, communication, accessibility of information and providing appropriate support in custody, appears to promote improvement in self-reported knowledge and prospective application in LEOs. The findings of this study are potentially applicable to countries that have ratified the UNCRPD.

The impact of structured awareness programme on effects of alcoholism among the adolescence of Mizoram

Alcoholism is now becoming a major problem of all the nations. Approximately 2.5 million die each year from the harmful use of alcohol accounting for about 4 % of all deaths in the world. Because of these problems created by alcoholism, the study was conducted with the aim to create awareness on effects of alcoholism among adolescence students of higher secondary students of Mizoram as a preventive program.An evaluative research approach was adopted with one group pre-test and post-test design. The sample comprised of 100 students selected by using lottery method from three higher secondary schools in Aizawl, Mizoram. The tool was developed and reliability of the tool was established by Pearson’s covariance co-efficient i.e. 0.87. The teaching programme was found to be effective in increasing the knowledge of students as evidenced by‘t’ (99) = 27.13, p < 0.05. The study also reports that there was significant association between pre-test knowledge score with mother’s education as evident from p = 0.020 at 0.05 level of significance, but no significant association between pre-test knowledge score and other selected demographic variables were found.: The planned awareness programme was an effective method to increase the knowledge of the students. Mother’s education played an important role in educating their children towards effects of alcoholism. The study can be implicated in practical nursing field for health promotion and prevention of alcoholism and alcohol related disorders.

Household’s perception on COVID-19 vaccination in India

An attempt was made to assess the households’ perception on Covid-19 and vaccination. By using multistage sampling technique, 400 samples were collected during June 15 to July 15 2021. Further, descriptive statistics were used to analyse data. Households are well-aware of Covid-19 symptoms and their preventive measures i.e., quarantine period, social distancing, hand-wash and vaccination. Results also highlight that social hierarchies and rumours about vaccine are responsible for low vaccination in the sample villages. A grass-root awareness programme is prerequisite for complete vaccination and to avoid third-wave of Covid-19 in India.

BARRIERS IN PRACTICING LIFE CYCLE COSTING TECHNIQUES EXPERIENCED BY SRI LANKAN QUANTITY SURVEYORS

Life Cycle Costing (LCC) is a tool, which can evaluate all the building-related costs over a specified period of time, as mentioned in the agreed scope. Though there are number of benefits, LCC practices of consultants in the building industry are claimed to be weak. Hence, the aim of this research is to investigate barriers in practicing LCC techniques experienced by Sri Lankan quantity surveyors. Accordingly, a mixed approached was followed in data collection through a questionnaires survey and a series of expert interviews. However, in Sri Lanka, building construction consultants are not practicing the LCC concept to a greater extent. This research identified, lack of awareness on the LCC tool by employers and practitioners, lack of knowledge on LCC and lack of previous data as the major barriers for practicing LCC techniques in local context. It was suggested that enhancing the practice of LCC through conducting various awareness programme on LCC concept, build up and maintain the proper database and introducing user friendly tools, applications, calculations methods, guidelines and regulations, will lead to avoid above mentioned barriers, which will ultimately enhance the proper practice of LCC concept in the Sri Lankan quantity surveyors.

A Cross-Sectional Questionnaire-Based Study to Find Out the Knowledge and Awareness of Community Pharmacist and Physician about Drug Information Center (DIC) and Its Services

Background: Drug information centre (DIC) is a facility specially developed to provide relevant, accurate and unbiased drug information (DI) to consumer and health care professionals regarding the proper use of the drugs, drug safety and all the critical problems regarding the drug information of their usage and side effects. Objective: The present study was about to access the knowledge of the primary care physicians and community pharmacists about the DIC and its facilities and to spread awareness regarding the same. Methodology: A cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study was conducted among the 88 participants of Vadodara city, Halol-Kalol town for 6 months of period. 68 pharmacist and 20 physicians took part in the study from these cities. The data was further Analysed by comparing the available data and resource to find out the awareness regarding the DIC. Result: During the study duration, a total of 88 participants took part in the study from various out of them 68 (77%) were community Pharmacist, and 20 (23%) were primary care physicians. In the end of the study, 48 (70.2%) pharmacist and 10 (50%) physicians know about the following data of DI, DIC, DIQ (Drug Information Query), resources and the role of pharmacist in DIC and it was clearly evaluated that the knowledge about the DIC, DI, DIQ was not thoroughly available for the pharmacist and physicians. Conclusion: The present study concludes that the awareness about Drug Information Centre (DIC), Drug Information, and its value and importance is not as much as it should be in Vadodara city, Halol-Kalol. Several awareness programme should be carried to bring the importance and value of DIC in limelight and to make it accessible easily for all to decrease several drug related problems.

"Farmers’ Prosperity Through ITC Based Farmers Awareness Programme: An Evidence of Gramin Krishi Mausam Sewa"

The real-time availability of weather information plays a crucial role in agricultural production, food security, and sustainable production (Haile 2005; Rathore 2013; Pandey and Singh, 2019). Thus, any slight aberration in obtaining key weather parameters by the farming community can significantly disrupt the supply chain besides jeopardizing the lives and livelihood of millions of farmers. It is well established that weather parameters influence agricultural operations farm production and productivity, while weather aberration is an important reasonor crop loss in India (Chattopadyaya et al. 2011; Rao et al. 2015; Das et al. 2018). Most of the farmers lack real-time weather-related information to make specific decisions on cropping. Further, the weather-related data for a particular crop seldom available on a single platform (Kumar et al. 2015) though the ICT is rooted firmly. It may be concluded that agriculture and its activities are mostly depend upon weather parameters. The GKMS may create an effort to help the farming community to improve its decision-making. Farmers also adopt GKMS as a tool that may help them decide regarding farming activity. This weather based agromet advisory may also help the farming community to increase the yield as well as for the reducing the cost of cultivation of crops.

Effectiveness of an Awareness Programme on Drug Compliance among People with Selected Chronic Diseases

The compliance to drug treatment leads to the prevention of deaths from the disease. Nurses play a very important role in the adherence to treatment by patients. The study aims at exploring the level of drug compliance among people with chronic illness (hypertension and diabetes mellitus), factors that influence the decision of the person and evaluates an awareness programme on the identified issues. The study used a Survey and Evaluative Approach with survey and quasiexperimental design. Purposive samplingwas used to collect data from Marne, Athrady, Herebettu which are rural areas and Malpe area of Manipal which is an urban area. Among 23535 population surveyed a total of 1286 (602 urban and 684 rural) samples with the disease and undergoing treatment were identified. 328(184 urban and 144 rural) people who were not complying to drugs were given awareness programme. The tools used were Demographic performa, Morisky scale, Srivastava Socioeconomic scale, scale for Health status (SF-36) and a scale to assess factors. The study was based on the Rosentoch’s, Becker and Maiman’s Health Belief model.

The influence of a teacher-designed and -implemented disability awareness programme on the attitudes of students toward inclusion

This study aimed to examine: (1) the influence of a disability awareness programme, designed and implemented by attendees of the Incluye-T programme and implemented in real educational settings, on the attitudes of their students toward the inclusion of peers with disabilities; (2) the differential effects of the disability awareness activities between classes in which physical impairment, visual impairment, or multi-impairment programmes were implemented; and (3) the influence of personal demographic variables on participants’ attitudes toward the inclusion of peers with disabilities before and after the implementation of the disability awareness physical education (PE) sessions. A sample of 1105 PE students (13.1 ± 2.2 years) from 56 Spanish public educational centres took part. After the training programme on self-efficacy toward inclusion, physical educators designed and implemented awareness interventions at their schools. Physical educators implemented physical-only (23.2%), visual-only (42.9%), and combined activities for both impairments (33.9%). PE students’ attitudes toward inclusion were measured pre- and post-interventions. Those who participated in combined activities revealed significant differences for the four attitude scores ( p < 0.001), while those taking part in visual-only activities demonstrated decreased scores for the overall ( p = 0.044) and the control beliefs subscale ( p = 0.010). PE teachers were capable of influencing their PE students’ attitudes toward inclusion using awareness activities taking into consideration the ecology of the interventions and the PE students’ base level of attitudes before delivering sessions. The type of impairment/disability that was the focus of the awareness activities was an important factor that influenced the effectiveness of the interventions.