Comparison of Pregaming Alcohol Use and Consequences by Season Status and Sex in College Student Athletes

2020 ◽  
pp. 004723792097665
Author(s):  
Callon M. Williams ◽  
Linda M. Reynolds ◽  
Nadine R. Mastroleo
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Student Athlete ◽  
Blood Alcohol ◽  
Negative Outcomes ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Biological Sex ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
College Student Athletes

As student athletes exhibit unique alcohol use patterns based on being in- versus out-of-season and biological sex, we aimed to explore student athlete ( N = 442) alcohol use, pregaming behaviors, and associated negative outcomes. Results suggest being out-of-season and male are positively associated with negative alcohol-related consequences, and male athletes report greater numbers of pregame specific alcohol-related consequences than female athletes ( p <  .05). Female athletes indicated significantly higher estimated blood alcohol concentrations than male athletes on pregaming nights. No differences emerged between in- and out-of-season athletes on pregame consequences. Results suggest that further emphasis on the role season status and sex has on pregaming behaviors and experiencing negative outcomes may be an important next step toward enhancing prevention and intervention approaches.

Removal From Activity After Sports- Related Concussion in Sex-Comparable Sports From the Michigan High School Athletic Association

2021 ◽  
pp. 036354652110200
Author(s):  
Aaron J. Zynda ◽  
Kyle M. Petit ◽  
Morgan Anderson ◽  
Christopher P. Tomczyk ◽  
Tracey Covassin
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Student Athlete ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Certified Athletic Trainers ◽  
Reporting Behaviors ◽  
Injury Event ◽  
Injury Reporting ◽  
High School Athletic

Background: Research has demonstrated that female athletes are more likely to report their sports-related concussion (SRC) symptoms compared with male athletes; however, it is unknown if these reporting behaviors correspond to immediate removal from activity in sex-comparable sports. Purpose: To compare the incidence of high school student-athletes removed and not removed from activity after SRC in sex-comparable sports in Michigan. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: Participants included student-athletes diagnosed with SRC participating in Michigan High School Athletic Association–sponsored athletic activities (22 sex-comparable sports) between 2016 and 2019. All SRCs were recorded in the association’s Head Injury Reporting System (HIRS) by certified athletic trainers, administrators, or coaches. Removal from activity indicated that the student-athlete was removed from play at the time of an injury event. If the student-athlete reported that his or her suspected injury event occurred earlier during activity or if symptom onset was delayed, “not removed from activity” was entered into the HIRS. Incidence proportions were calculated by dividing SRCs not removed by total SRCs in each sport. Risk ratios were calculated by dividing the incidence proportions of girls not removed by boys not removed in each sport. Results: A total of 4418 (2773 female, 1645 male) SRCs were reported, with the most occurring in female soccer players (n = 1023). Overall, 515 girls and 243 boys were not removed from activity, resulting in incidences of 0.19 (95% CI, 0.17-0.20) and 0.15 (95% CI, 0.13-0.17), respectively. Across all sports, girls were 1.26 (95% CI, 1.09-1.45) times as likely to not be removed from activity compared with boys. Of the sports with the most SRCs—soccer, basketball, baseball/softball, and lacrosse—girls had 1.37 (95% CI, 1.09-1.72), 1.15 (95% CI, 0.89-1.47), 1.19 (95% CI, 0.77-1.84), and 1.35 (95% CI, 0.94-1.95) times the risk of not being removed, respectively. Conclusion: Girls were at greater risk of not being removed from activity compared with boys in sex-comparable sports. Results from this study should be incorporated into SRC education in Michigan and potentially elsewhere to inform affiliated personnel of potential sex differences and protect female student-athletes from further harm.

“Detrimental to the Team Dynamic”: Exploring College Student-Athlete Dissent

2021 ◽  
pp. 216747952110019
Author(s):  
Rikishi T. Rey ◽  
Zac D. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
College Student ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
Athletic Trainers ◽  
School Level ◽  
Student Athlete ◽  
College Level ◽  
High School Level ◽  
College Student Athletes

To properly manage college student-athlete dissent, stakeholders (e.g., coaches, teammates, administration, athletic trainers, etc.) must first recognize the situations that cause athletes to dissent. Although athletic dissent is not a new concept, to date, it has only been examined at the high school level. To fill this gap, this study begins to explore this issue at the college level by examining the triggering agents that cause college student-athletes to communicate dissent. Participants ( N = 72) from 11 different sports were asked to complete multiple narratives in response to open ended questions after reflecting on a time where they communicated dissent. Results of a thematic analysis indicate that there are eight triggering agents of dissent, demonstrating distinct differences between high school and college student-athlete dissent due to various contextual factors. These findings highlight the needs and desires of college student-athletes which can help coaches, administration, and other stakeholders to promote positive college student-athlete experiences.

Student Athlete Activism in a Millennial World

2019 ◽  
pp. 167-182
Author(s):  
Myron L. Pope ◽  
Darnell Smith ◽  
Shanna Pope
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
College Student ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
Student Athlete ◽  
University Administration ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
College Student Athletes

College student athletes are among the most recognized students in their communities, across the country, and in some cases around the world. Their voices hold a significant esteem, and they can impact many societal and political issues. Some have postulated that college student-athletes are hesitant to be a part of these politics, but during the past few years, many have taken stands through social media and through protests on their campuses that have been in opposition to the stances of their coaches, their university's administration, and their teammates. Many, however, challenge the role that student athletes have in these protests. This chapter will explore the history of student athlete activism and its developmental aspects, highlight the more recent instances of such activism, and finally discuss how university administration and others can support and be responsive to the concerns that are expressed by this unique set of students.

Religiosity, Alcohol Use, and Sex Behaviors Among College Student-Athletes

2011 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 930-940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin W. Moore ◽  
Jannette Y. Berkley-Patton ◽  
Starlyn M. Hawes
Keyword(s):  
College Student ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
Sex Behaviors ◽  
College Student Athletes

College Athletes’ Expectations About Injury Rehabilitation With an Athletic Trainer

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 18-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe Hart ◽  
Damien Clement ◽  
Jordan Hamson-Utley ◽  
Monna Arvinen-Barrow ◽  
Cindra Kamphoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Training ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Prior Experience ◽  
Athletic Trainer ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Injury Rehabilitation ◽  
Rehabilitation Process ◽  
Main Outcome Measure

Context:Injured athletes begin the rehabilitation process with expectations about the nature of the working relationship with an athletic trainer. These expectations can infuence the effectiveness of the assistance provided.Objective:To determine whether male and female athletes differed in terms of expectations about injury rehabilitation services with an athletic trainer.Design:A questionnaire was administered to student athletes that assessed expectations about injury rehabilitation. Setting: Five colleges and universities.Patients or Other Participants:Questionnaire responses were provided by 679 student athletes (443 males and 236 females).Main Outcome Measure:Responses to the Expectations about Athletic Training questionnaire were used to assess factors identifed as Personal Commitment, Facilitative Conditions, Athletic Trainer Expertise, and Realism.Results:A statistically signifcant interaction between gender and prior experience was identifed. Male athletes with no prior experience had lower expectations for a facilitative environment. Female athletes with prior experience were less likely to have realistic expectations.Conclusions:Gender and prior experience infuence athletes’ expectations of injury rehabilitation with an athletic trainer.

Sex-Specific Differences in Perceived Injury Management and Prevention in High School Student-Athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-37
Author(s):  
Eve Kantaros ◽  
Haylee Borgstrom
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Injury Prevention ◽  
High School Student ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Return To Sport ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Injury Management ◽  
Sex Disparities ◽  
Prevention Training

BACKGROUND: Sport-related injuries are common among high school student-athletes with specific sex disparities in injury risk. Many of these injuries may be avoidable with the use of injury prevention programs (IPPs). Sex differences in injury management and return to sport are not well understood. PURPOSE: To determine sex-specific differences in self-reported injury management and prevention strategies in high school student-athletes. DESIGN: Cross-sectional, survey-based study. METHODS: An anonymous 13-item electronic survey was distributed to all students in a private high school in December 2019 with responses recorded over a one-month study period. Primary outcomes were sex-specific differences in self-reported outcome measures assessing student-athlete experience during injury recovery and familiarity with IPPs. Groups were evaluated via descriptive statistics and differences between groups were compared. RESULTS: From a total of 190 responses, 106 were included in the analysis (63F, 43M, mean age 16.7 years). Female athletes reported decreased exposure to injury prevention training (44.4% vs 69.8%, p=0.01) and practice-based utilization of IPPs (23.8% vs 55.8%, p=0.001) compared to male athletes. Overall, reported utilization of IPPs was low regardless of sex at less than 40% for all athletes. Nearly 85% of female athletes compared to 51% of male athletes felt they could benefit from IPPs (p=0.001), yet fewer than half of female athletes reported ever having training in injury prevention. There were no statistically significant differences in measures of injury management or return to sport between sexes. Females reported similar major impact of injury on life and future plans compared to male athletes. CONCLUSIONS: Male athletes were 1.6x more likely to report injury prevention training and 2.4x more likely to report practice-based utilization of IPPs compared to female athletes. Sex-specific differences in injury management and return to sport were not identified. Better incorporation of IPPs, specifically at the high-school level, may help to address sex disparities in preventable sport-related injuries and allow student-athletes to maximize the myriad benefits of sport participation.

The Role of Athletic Identity in the Relationship Between Difficulty Thinking or Concentrating and Academic Service Use in NCAA Student-Athletes

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 309-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin M. Antshel ◽  
Laura E. VanderDrift ◽  
Jeffrey S. Pauline
Keyword(s):  
Student Athletes ◽  
Service Use ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Student Athlete ◽  
Grade Point ◽  
Support Resources ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
College Student Athletes ◽  
Academic Resources

The NCAA Growth, Opportunities, Aspirations and Learning of Students in College data were used to explore the relationship between self-reported high levels of difficulties thinking or concentrating and grade point average (GPA) in college student-athletes. We specifically investigated the mediators of the relationship between self-reported high levels of difficulties thinking or concentrating and GPA. Results revealed there was a significant indirect effect between self-reporting the highest level of difficulties thinking or concentrating and service use through GPA, moderated by identity, full model: F(4, 14738) = 184.28, p < .001; R2 = .22. The athletic/academic identity variable acted as a moderator of the mediating effect of GPA on the relationship between self-reported high levels of difficulties thinking or concentrating and the use of academic resources on campus. If a student-athlete who is self-reporting high levels of difficulties thinking or concentrating identifies more as a student, GPA is likely to prompt academic service use. However, if the student-athlete identifies more as an athlete, GPA is less likely to lead to use of campus academic support resources.

Measuring Drug and Alcohol Use Among College Student-Athletes*

2014 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 369-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
James N. Druckman ◽  
Mauro Gilli ◽  
Samara Klar ◽  
Joshua Robison
Keyword(s):  
College Student ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
Drug And Alcohol Use ◽  
Drug And Alcohol ◽  
College Student Athletes

Social Influences, Alcohol Expectancies, and Hazardous Alcohol Use Among College Athletes

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janine V. Olthuis ◽  
Byron L. Zamboanga ◽  
Matthew P. Martens ◽  
Lindsay S. Ham
Keyword(s):  
College Student ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
College Athletes ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Injunctive Norms ◽  
Hazardous Alcohol Use ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Hazardous Alcohol ◽  
College Student Athletes

Research has shown that college student-athletes are at increased risk for hazardous alcohol use. As such, this study examined social and cognitive influences on athletes’ alcohol consumption by exploring the association between injunctive norms (parental, teammate, and coach approval) and hazardous alcohol use among college athletes, and testing whether alcohol expectancy outcomes and valuations would mediate this association. College student-athletes (n = 301; mean age = 19.4, SD = 1.3) completed self-report questionnaires assessing their drinking behaviors and perceptions of alcohol use in their social environment. Structural equation modeling revealed, in all but one case, a direct association between each of the injunctive norms variables and hazardous alcohol use. In addition, negative expectancy valuations mediated the association between teammate approval and hazardous alcohol use. Injunctive norms emerged as an important factor in student-athletes’ alcohol use. Implications for alcohol intervention programming among student-athletes are discussed.

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