Evangelization of the “New World”: An Old World Perspective

1992 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Casiano Floristán ◽  
Michael Keefe
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
New World ◽  
Political Context ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Old World ◽  
World Perspective

The theological and political context of fifteenth- and sixteenth-century Spain and Portugal must be taken into account if one wants to understand the motivations and methods of the first missionaries to the New World. Rather than an evangelization, therefore, we need to speak of a catechization of the indigenous peoples of America, even though this process, and the abuses that followed, came under constant critique throughout the colonial era.

Violence, Competition, and Exchange in the Early Colonial Era

2018 ◽  
pp. 22-74
Author(s):  
Cameron B. Strang
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
New World ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
Intellectual Life ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Natural Knowledge ◽  
Early Colonial ◽  
New Knowledge

This chapter examines natural knowledge among natives and newcomers from the 1500s to the mid-1700s. It suggests that European-Indian encounters generated new knowledge, patronage relationships, and webs of exchange that affected intellectual life among both groups. The chapter includes sections on conquistadors in sixteenth-century Florida, patronage networks in Florida’s mission communities, cartography and the Indian slave trade, and the networks through which Europeans and Indians exchanged specimens and commodities. In short, Europeans and natives valued knowledge and the experts who produced it as sources of power and, from the 1500s through the 1700s, learned about their mutually new world during encounters involving violence, geopolitical competition, and exchange.

The Genoese in Seville and the Opening of the New World

1962 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 348-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Pike
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
New World ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
The Other ◽  
Old World ◽  
Economic Sphere ◽  
History Of ◽  
Subsequent Opening

The turning point in the history of the Genoese merchants in Spain was the discovery of America and the subsequent opening of trading relations with the new continent. From then on, their ascent to economic predominance in Spain paralleled that nation's emergence as the dominant power of the sixteenth-century world. Fortune gave Spain two empires simultaneously, one in the Old World, the other in the New. Spain's unpreparedness for imperial responsibilities, particularly in the economic sphere, was the springboard for Genoese advancement. Strengthening and enlarging their colony in Seville —after 1503 the “door and port of the Indies” —the Genoese prepared to move across the Atlantic in the wake of Columbus.

What Did Natural History have to do with Salvation? José de Acosta Sj (1540–1600) in the Americas

2010 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 144-168
Author(s):  
Simon Ditchfield
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Natural History ◽  
New World ◽  
Original Position ◽  
Botanic Gardens ◽  
Old World ◽  
Christian Conversion ◽  
Palatine Hill ◽  
Jose De Acosta

At the southern foot of the Palatine Hill in Rome, a little more than one hundred metres due west of the triumphal arch erected by the emperor who is associated more than any other with the Christian conversion of the Old World — Constantine the Great – there stands another arch. Relocated from its original position at the eastern foot of the Palatine, more or less directly across from the biggest remaining ruin in the forum — that of the Basilica of Maxentius — it formed the monumental entrance to one of the most important botanic gardens in sixteenth-century Europe — the Orti farnesiani, which were given their definitive shape between 1565 and 1590. I propose that this second arch has reason to be considered as occupying a similar symbolic significance for the conversion of the New World.

Partnership and Profit in the Early Andean Trade: The Experiences of Quito Merchants, 1580–1610

1979 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Super
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
South America ◽  
New World ◽  
Old World ◽  
The Andes ◽  
International Trading ◽  
World Economic

Quito was an international trading city in the late sixteenth century. It was one of several commercial centers strung along the Andes that aided in the adaptation of Old World economic techniques to New World resources. By the 1580s, agricultural and manufacturing surpluses had helped Quito emerge as a dominant trading center in western South America, second only to Lima and Potosí.

The Spanish Entrada: A Model for Assessing Claims of Pre-Columbian Contact between the Old and New Worlds

1994 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-166
Author(s):  
Kenneth L. Feder
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
New World ◽  
Culture Contact ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
Old World ◽  
American Southeast

The vast majority of evidence marshaled by those who support scenarios of the pre-Columbus, pre-Viking discovery, exploration, and settlement of the New World has been epigraphic. Virtually no archaeological evidence has been presented in support of such claims. Here, the historically documented, early sixteenth-century Spanish exploration of the American Southeast is used as a model for the kind of archaeological evidence to be expected for such exploration and culture contact. It is suggested that unless and until similar evidence is forthcoming for an eariler presence of Celts, Libyans, Chinese, or other visitors from the Old World, their visits remain unproved.

The Civilian Contribution of the Spanish Royal Engineers, 1500–1800

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Buisseret
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
New World ◽  
Town Planning ◽  
Santiago De Cuba ◽  
Cartagena De Indias

Rather neglected until recently, Spanish military engineers now have been studied in detail revealing that the Habsburg and Bourbon kings, from small beginnings in the sixteenth century, sustained an exceptionally large number of military engineers in the 17th and 18th centuries – over 600 in Europe and over 100 in the New World. Trained in mathematics, surveying, architecture and cartography they built a limited number of great forts, usually to defend strategic ports like Havana, Santiago de Cuba, Portobelo, and Cartagena de Indias. However, fortification was hardly necessary in the major capitals far from coastlines so their greatest, most enduring, achievements lay in cartography, road and water engineering, town planning and architecture.

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