Brazilian Dependent Capitalism Under the Hegemony of Financialized Capital

2021 ◽  
pp. 0094582X2110530
Author(s):  
Lucas Crivelenti e Castro
Keyword(s):  
International Monetary Fund ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Foreign Debt ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Fiscal Adjustments ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Financial Dependency ◽  
The International Monetary Fund

An analysis of the Brazilian economic history of the past 50 years shows that the accumulation of foreign debt and its subsequent crisis in the 1980s, the ensuing fiscal adjustments with supervision by the International Monetary Fund, the execution of the Real Plan in 1994, the resulting macroeconomic trifecta, and new laws and resolutions have reinforced and expanded Brazil’s economic and financial dependency. Since the 1990s, its political-economic relations have been shaped by the principles of a liberal-monetarist economy that is the basis for the accumulation and revaluation of domestic and foreign capital. Uma análise da história econômica brasileira dos últimos 50 anos mostra que o acúmulo da dívida externa e sua posterior crise nos anos 1980, os subsequentes ajustes fiscais com supervisões do International Monetary Fund, a execução do Plano Real em 1994, a decorrente política do tripé macroeconômico e as leis e resoluções, reforçaram e ampliaram a dependência econômico-financeira do Brasil em sua inserção mundial. Desde os anos 1990, o âmago das relações político-econômicas brasileiras está gestado por princípios doutrinários de uma economia liberal-monetarista, a qual é a base para a acumulação e revalorização de capital interno e externo.

scholarly journals Practising what they Preach: Did the IMF and Iceland Exercise Good Governance in their Relations 2008-2011?

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hjálti Ómar Ágústsson ◽  
Rachael Lorna Johnstone
Keyword(s):  
International Monetary Fund ◽  
International Institutions ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
The Past ◽  
The International Monetary Fund ◽  
The Imf

Between September 2008 and August 2011, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and Iceland were engaged in cooperation under a stand-by agreement involving a loan from the IMF to Iceland of over 2bn USD. The IMF is one of a number of major international institutions that has been increasing its emphasis on good governance over the past two decades, in particular, emphasising the need for improved governance in debtor countries. In this paper, the authors review the extent to which principles of good governance were exercised in the interaction between the IMF and Iceland within the context of the stand-by programme.

More Lessons to Learn: Thomas Piketty’s Capital and Ideology and Alternative Archives of Social Experience

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-146
Author(s):  
Andreas Langenohl
Keyword(s):  
Economic History ◽  
International Political Economy ◽  
Democratic Governance ◽  
Liberal Democratic ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
Historical Trajectory ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Alternative Archives

Abstract Thomas Piketty’s Capital and Ideology has been written with the intention to offer lessons from the historical trajectory of economic redistribution in societies the world over. Thereby, the book suggests learning from the political-economic history of ‘social-democratic’ policies and societal arrangements. While the data presented speak to the plausibility of looking at social democracy, as understood by Piketty, as an archive for learning about the effects of redistribution mechanisms, I argue that the book, or future interventions might profit from integrating alternative archives. On the one hand, its current line of argumentation tends to underestimate the significance of power relations in the international political economy that continued after formal decolonization, and thus form the flip side of social democracy’s success in Europe and North America. On the other hand, the role of the polity might be imagined in a different and more empowering way, not just-as in Piketty-as an elite-liberal democratic governance institution; for instance, it would be interesting to explore the archive of the French solidaristes movement more deeply than Piketty does, as well as much more recent interventions in economic anthropology that deal with ‘economic citizenship’ in the Global South.

Part II Commercial Aspects of the Marine Environment, 6 The Work of the International Monetary Fund and Its Possible Relevance to Global Ocean Governance

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doussis Emmanuella
Keyword(s):  
International Monetary Fund ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Institutional Development ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
International Agencies ◽  
Ocean Governance ◽  
History Of ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
The International Monetary Fund ◽  
The Imf

This chapter discusses the role of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in global ocean governance. It first traces the history of the IMF, from its inception at Bretton Woods in 1944 to the late 1970s and beyond, and highlights the factors that have influenced its institutional development as well as its current institutional profile. It then describes the IMF’s membership, structure, main functions, and decision-making processes before analysing the possible input of the Fund to matters related to ocean governance. In particular, it considers the ways in which the IMF is involved in global ocean governance through its three main functions: economic surveillance, lending, and capacity building. Although the Fund has no direct relevance to global ocean governance, the chapter shows that the IMF may contribute to its improvement by providing technical assistance and policy advice, as well as a better interaction with other, more competent, international agencies.

China’s India Policy: The Importance of Bilateralism— An Appraisal

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nalin Surie
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
World View ◽  
Mutual Relationship ◽  
Positive History ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Major Powers ◽  
The Past ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
Bilateral Approach ◽  
History Of

Given the essential positive history of China’s relations with India, China’s world view and the fact of geographical contiguity, the essential approach that China follows vis-à-vis India post 1949 is based on bilateralism. The bilateral approach has defined China’s negotiations over the border as well as economic relations between the two. In the past bilateralism has allowed China to consolidate its control over Tibet and follow a mercantilist economic policy vis- a- vis India. But the change in the geopolitical status of both nations indicates that bilateral relations, after Wuhan, have been reset to represent those between two ‘major powers’ who have broader regional and global interests as well. Although bilateralism will continue to underline their policies towards each other in matters of common development, regional development or the building of a community with a shared future for humanity, China will need to redefine its approach to bilateralism by broadening and deepening it to create a truly mutual relationship.

A Discussion of Mark Blyth's Austerity: The History of a Dangerous Idea

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 557-558
Author(s):  
Glyn Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Central Bank ◽  
International Monetary Fund ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
European Central Bank ◽  
Eurozone Crisis ◽  
European Central ◽  
History Of ◽  
Fiscal Austerity ◽  
The International Monetary Fund

The ongoing Eurozone crisis has brought to the fore the discourse of “austerity.” A number of countries, most dramatically Greece, have been called upon to institute policies of fiscal austerity as a condition of further support from the international financial community. The situation has generated some serious disagreements among economists, policymakers, and indeed important financial institutions such as the International Monetary Fund and the European Central Bank. Mark Blyth’s Austerity: The History of a Dangerous Idea speaks directly to these ongoing current debates. We have invited a range of political scientists working on related issues to comment on the book’s arguments and their relevance to the work that they do.

Industrialization and Stabilization Dilemmas in Latin America

1959 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 584-599
Author(s):  
David Felix
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Industrial Growth ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
General Recognition ◽  
Salient Features ◽  
State Subsidies ◽  
Latin American Countries

Industrial growth and chronic, in many cases severe, inflation are two salient features of the past-war economic history of the larger Latin American countries. There is general recognition that the two phenomena are related, at least in the sense that industry has been one of the major recipients of state subsidies and inflationary credit. But beyond this, analysis divides into the usual demand inflation and cost-push categories.

International Monetary Fund

1952 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 644-646
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rates ◽  
International Monetary Fund ◽  
Annual Report ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Executive Directors ◽  
The Past ◽  
Board Of Governors ◽  
The World ◽  
The International Monetary Fund

The Annual Report of the Executive Directors of the International Monetary Fund for the fiscal year ended April 30, 1952 was presented to the Board of Governors by its chairman (Rooth) on June 24, 1952. The report indicated that, despite a remarkable growth in production and one widespread adjustment of exchange rates over the previous seven years, international payments were still far from having attained a state of balance and exchange difficulties and restrictions existed again over large parts of the world, for countries constituting a large part of the world had followed policies aimed at achieving higher levels of consumption and investment than could be covered out of real resources available. This had resulted in a situation of inflationary pressures that in certain countries had been aggravated by rearmament programs, pressures which created excessive demands for imports and reduced the quantities of goods available for export. In this situation the use of exchange restrictions and quantitative import controls, frequently of a discriminatory nature, seemed inevitable to many countries; and during the past year there had been a tendency to extend and intensify these restrictions and controls.

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