Reimagining Education

There is general recognition that ‘Education has the power to transform the world' and equip young people to build a sustainable and peaceful world. As a step towards understanding the current state of education and collectively reimagining the future of education, a series of focus group discussions were conducted with students, teachers, and parents from all over the world. Eight prominent themes emerged from the participant discussion as follows: (1) education as a means to an end, (2) external influences on education system, (3) test centric system of education, (4) constrained curriculum and teaching practices, (5) education as a social and emotional activity, (6) school climate and power dynamics in the classroom, (7) educational infrastructure, and (8) technology and remote learning. Based on participant insights, the major issues in education, emerging innovative solutions, and recommendations for the future are discussed.

Discourse of Historical Cognition: an Epistemological Analysis

The purpose of this article is to consider the discourse of researchers actively working in the field of historical knowledge. In other words, the article examines the features of the verbalization of basic concepts and methodological attitudes of modern historical knowledge. Discourse analysis, in contrast to the traditional philosophical and methodological, allows you to penetrate into the microcosm of historical work, to observe the “historian at the workbench” outside the “spotlights” and other attributes of public demonstration. Discourse analysis is a specific section of historical epistemology. From the author's point of view, epistemology adheres to a descriptive attitude. It is intended to describe, not prescribe, as is the case with the methodology of science. The goal of the article is to trace and show the dynamics of the historical vocabulary in the hope of seeing emerging trends in the rethinking of the models of the historical process as a whole. Discourse analysis allows you to detail intellectual changes and see “point shifts” in patterns of thinking, which ultimately lead to “tectonic transformations” of the entire field of historical research. Science, according to the theory of P. Bourdieu, is a specific social game, and contains a competitive struggle within itself, in which the winner acquires the right to general recognition and authority, which consolidate the concepts he invented as legitimate. History is no exception here. The article focuses on such concepts that have gained legitimacy as “historical reconstruction”, “temporality”, “past”, “presentism”, “antiquarianism”, “narrative”, “contingent”. It is shown that words are the triggers of search thinking.

論人體胚胎研究“軟法”修改之正當性

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English. This commentary briefly discusses the substantive and procedural justifications for amending the longstanding 14-day rule, a soft-law limitation on the culturing of human embryos. The 14-day rule was established on the basis of general recognition of the human embryo's special status, accompanied by widespread public conversation and engagement. In principle, amending this rule would require the same substantive and procedural justifications. However, such justifications were absent prior to the lifting of the rule by the ISSCR in its 2021 guidelines. This article also discusses the value and importance of the 14-day rule to the development of human embryo research in the last three decades. Discarding the rule without the proper substantive and procedural justifications is likely to damage public trust and confidence in future human embryo research.

Food Image Recognition and Food Safety Detection Method Based on Deep Learning

With the development of machine learning, as a branch of machine learning, deep learning has been applied in many fields such as image recognition, image segmentation, video segmentation, and so on. In recent years, deep learning has also been gradually applied to food recognition. However, in the field of food recognition, the degree of complexity is high, the situation is complex, and the accuracy and speed of recognition are worrying. This paper tries to solve the above problems and proposes a food image recognition method based on neural network. Combining Tiny-YOLO and twin network, this method proposes a two-stage learning mode of YOLO-SIMM and designs two versions of YOLO-SiamV1 and YOLO-SiamV2. Through experiments, this method has a general recognition accuracy. However, there is no need for manual marking, and it has a good development prospect in practical popularization and application. In addition, a method for foreign body detection and recognition in food is proposed. This method can effectively separate foreign body from food by threshold segmentation technology. Experimental results show that this method can effectively distinguish desiccant from foreign matter and achieve the desired effect.

Stereotypical Processing of Emotional Faces: Perceptual and Decisional Components

People tend to associate anger with male faces and happiness or surprise with female faces. This angry-men-happy-women bias has been ascribed to either top-down (e.g., well-learned stereotypes) or bottom-up (e.g., shared morphological cues) processes. The dissociation between these two theoretical alternatives has proved challenging. The current effort addresses this challenge by harnessing two complementary metatheoretical approaches to dimensional interaction: Garner's logic of inferring informational structure and General Recognition Theory—a multidimensional extension of signal detection theory. Conjoint application of these two rigorous methodologies afforded us to: (a) uncover the internal representations that generate the angry-men-happy-women phenomenon, (b) disentangle varieties of perceptual (bottom-up) and decisional (top-down) sources of interaction, and (c) relate operational and theoretical meanings of dimensional independence. The results show that the dimensional interaction between emotion and gender is generated by varieties of perceptual and decisional biases. These outcomes document the involvement of both bottom-up (e.g., shared morphological structures) and top-down (stereotypes) factors in social perception.

В. Berg. Eiweissbedarf und Mineralstoffwechsel bei einfachster Ernährung

Recently, many issues of dietics have been revised. In this direction, a lot has been done by the author of the book being analyzed. His studies are distinguished by great originality, and if not in all respects they have already received general recognition, then in any case they are reckoned with everywhere.

Exposure of a specific pleioform of multifunctional glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase initiates CD14-dependent clearance of apoptotic cells

Rapid clearance of apoptotic cells by phagocytes is crucial for organogenesis, tissue homeostasis, and resolution of inflammation. This process is initiated by surface exposure of various ‘eat me’ ligands. Though phosphatidylserine (PS) is the best recognized general recognition ligand till date, recent studies have shown that PS by itself is not sufficient for clearance of apoptotic cells. In this study, we have identified a specific pleioform of GAPDH (Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase) that functions as an ‘eat me’ signal on apoptotic cell surface. This specific form of GAPDH which is exposed on surface of apoptotic cells was found to interact with CD14 present on plasma membrane of phagocytes leading to their engulfment. This is the first study demonstrating the novel interaction between multifunctional GAPDH and the phagocytic receptor CD14 resulting in apoptotic cell clearance (efferocytosis).

The Impact of Obesity on SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic Mortality Risk

The COVID-19 pandemic has uncovered the increased susceptibility of individuals with obesity to infection and severe disease leading to hospitalization and death. Studies in New York City demonstrated that after advanced age, obesity was the most common risk factor leading to severe disease and death from COVID-19. While the connection has been recognized, there has not been a general recognition of the potential mechanisms for this link between excess body fat and mortality from this viral pandemic including respiratory complications and sequelae of increased activation of the immune system. Despite plans for vaccination of the global population, the risk community spread of COVID-19 and future pandemics will be linked in part to obesity and immunity. This review will detail a number of potential mechanisms through which obesity may contribute to the lethality of this viral infection. These insights will hopefully lead to a greater emphasis on obesity prevention and treatment as part of the global response to this and future pandemic threats.

THE USE OF THE COMPARATIVE AND CONTRASTIVE METHOD IN THE PHONOLOGICAL ASPECT OF THE RUSSIAN AND UZBEK LANGUAGES

История лингвистических учений уходит вглубь истории человечества. Каждый новый этап развития науки о языке имеет свои особенности: появляются новые отрасли, аспекты и методы изучения языка, возникают новые лингвистические школы и направления. Одним из таких направлений языкознания является лингвистическая типология, которая в настоящее время получила широкое распространение и завоевала общее признание среди языковедов различных стран и направлений. Данная статья посвящается различиям и схожестям русского и узбекского языках в фонологическом аспекте. The history of linguistic teachings goes deep into the history of mankind. Each new stage in the development of the science of language has its own characteristics: new branches, aspects and methods of language learning appear, new linguistic schools and directions appear. One of these areas of linguistics is linguistic typology, which is now widespread and has won general recognition among linguists from different countries and directions. This article is devoted to the differences and similarities of the Russian and Uzbek languages in the phonological aspect.

Selected Alternative Feed Additives Used to Manipulate the Rumen Microbiome

In recent years, a boost in the ruminant population has been observed, and consequently, an increase in the animals’ demand for nutrients and methane emissions. Methane emission is generated during the microbial fermentation of feed in the rumen, and a percentage even up to 12% of the energy obtained by this process can be wasted. In addition, the use of antibiotics in animal husbandry is being increasingly restricted. restricted. As a result, there is a continuous search for innovative feed additives that can serve as alternatives to antibiotics, and will also be safe for both people and the environment. In the present review article, additives were selected on basis that, according to studies conducted so far, may positively affect the microbiome of the digestive system by improving indicators and/or reducing methane production. Among them, probiotics, prebiotics or their combination—synbiotics are at the forefront of research. However, additives in the form of algae or plant origin are also gaining ground in popularity, such as essential oils, fermented wheat straw or Gelidium amansii, due to their general recognition as safe (GRAS) for both humans and environment.