Racial Disparities in Risk and Protective Factors for Suicide

African Americans have evidenced lower rates of suicide relative to the general population despite being exposed to higher levels of risk factors. This paradox has been proposed to be a result of protective factors such as religiosity and higher levels of familial involvement. The purpose of this study is to further investigate protective and risk factors of suicide in a sample of African Americans and a similar sample of Caucasians. Suicide risk and protective factors were examined in relation to the constructs of the interpersonal-psychological theory of suicide (burdensomeness, belongingness, and acquired capability), hope theory (hope, goals, pathways, and agency), and religiosity. It was hypothesized that African Americans would have higher levels of both protective factors and risk factors relative to the Caucasians. Results were partially consistent with this hypothesis.

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Measuring acquired capability for suicide: Incremental validity of the Death Inurement Scale

Social Behavior and Personality An International Journal ◽

10.2224/sbp.6338 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 45 (11) ◽

pp. 1933-1936

Author(s):

Sarojini Naidoo ◽

Steven J. Collings

Keyword(s):

South African ◽

Suicide Risk ◽

Psychological Theory ◽

Incremental Validity ◽

South African Context ◽

Public And Private ◽

Acquired Capability ◽

African Context ◽

Interpersonal Psychological Theory ◽

Additional Variance

Proponents of the interpersonal-psychological theory of suicide have theorized that an acquired capability for suicide is a key construct in the development of high-risk suicidal behavior. However, extant measures do not adequately capture the content domains of this construct. Using 239 psychiatric outpatients recruited from public and private psychiatry and psychology sites, we validated a measure of acquired capability derived from extant measures, the Death Inurement Scale (DIS) in the South African context. The results suggest that the DIS explains additional variance in suicide risk above the measures previously used and provide support for its incremental validity.

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Integrating Two Theoretical Models to Understand and Prevent Military and Veteran Suicide

Armed Forces & Society ◽

10.1177/0095327x16646645 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 43 (3) ◽

pp. 478-499 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Andrea L. Wolfe-Clark ◽

Craig J. Bryan

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Suicide Risk ◽

Theoretical Foundation ◽

Theoretical Models ◽

Psychological Theory ◽

Thwarted Belongingness ◽

Robust Model ◽

Vulnerability Theory ◽

Interpersonal Psychological Theory ◽

Military Suicide

Despite increasing prevention efforts, military suicide rates have surpassed those of the general population. This trend may reflect a deficit in our understanding of suicide, historically atheoretical and based on decreasing risk factors of suicide. The interpersonal–psychological theory of suicide (IPTS) provides a theoretical foundation to understand suicide but only assesses three risk factors of suicide and is primarily aimed at explaining who may die by suicide, but not when. The fluid vulnerability theory (FVT) provides a broad theoretical framework to understand and organize risk and protective factors of suicide in order to understand the process of suicide risk over time. Overlaying the IPTS’s constructs of thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness, and the acquired capability for suicide within the FVT framework provides a robust model to understand not only who is at risk for suicide but also when suicide risk is likely to emerge.

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A Model for Analyzing Suicide Prevention

Crisis ◽

10.1027//0227-5910.21.2.80 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 80-89 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Maila Upanne

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Theoretical Model ◽

Protective Factors ◽

Suicide Prevention ◽

Suicide Risk ◽

Practical Work ◽

Individual Risk ◽

Self Assessment ◽

Prevention Project ◽

Individual Risk Factors

This study monitored the evolution of psychologists' (n = 31) conceptions of suicide prevention over the 9-year course of the National Suicide Prevention Project in Finland and assessed the feasibility of the theoretical model for analyzing suicide prevention developed in earlier studies [ Upanne, 1999a , b ]. The study was formulated as a retrospective self-assessment where participants compared their earlier descriptions of suicide prevention with their current views. The changes in conceptions were analyzed and interpreted using both the model and the explanations given by the subjects themselves. The analysis proved the model to be a useful framework for revealing the essential features of prevention. The results showed that the freely-formulated ideas on prevention were more comprehensive than those evolved in practical work. Compared to the earlier findings, the conceptions among the group had shifted toward emphasizing a curative approach and the significance of individual risk factors. In particular, greater priority was focused on the acute suicide risk phase as a preventive target. Nonetheless, the overall structure of prevention ideology remained comprehensive and multifactorial, stressing multistage influencing. Promotive aims (protective factors) also remained part of the prevention paradigm. Practical working experiences enhanced the psychologists' sense of the difficulties of suicide prevention as well as their criticism and feeling of powerlessness.

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Suicide Risk and Protective Factors of Females in the U.S. Military: A Review

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e700262011-001 ◽

2011 ◽

Author(s):

Jessica T. Miles ◽

Niall T. Kavanagh ◽

Mark M. Held ◽

Tara Emrani ◽

Bruce Bongar

Keyword(s):

Protective Factors ◽

Suicide Risk ◽

Risk And Protective Factors ◽

The U.S

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Doctors and Nurses: A Systematic Review of the Risk and Protective Factors in Workplace Violence and Burnout

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18063280 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (6) ◽

pp. 3280

Author(s):

Jose Miguel Giménez Lozano ◽

Juan Pedro Martínez Ramón ◽

Francisco Manuel Morales Rodríguez

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Protective Factors ◽

Workplace Violence ◽

Physical Violence ◽

Health Sector ◽

Risk And Protective Factors ◽

Working Environment ◽

Academic Degree ◽

Authoritarian Leadership

The present study aims analyze the risk factors that lead to high levels of burnout among nurses and physicians and the protective factors that prevent them. Thus, it is also intended to explore the possible correlation between physical and verbal violence produced at work and the symptoms derived from burnout. Methods: The search was carried out on the Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science databases between 2000 and 2019 (on which date the bibliographic search ends). Descriptive studies estimating the prevalence of workplace violence and risk and protective factors and burnout were included. An adapted version of the Downs and Black quality checklist was used for article selection. 89.6 percent of the studies analysed were in the health sector. There is a significant correlation between burnout symptoms and physical violence at work. On the one hand, the risk factors that moderate this correlation were of structural/organisational type (social support, quality of the working environment, authoritarian leadership, little autonomy or long working days, etc.) and personal type (age, gender, nationality or academic degree, etc.). On the other hand, protective factors were the quality of the working environment, mutual support networks or coping strategies. The results were analysed in-depth and intervention strategies were proposed.

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Suicide Ideation and Thwarted Interpersonal Needs Among Psychiatric Inpatients: A Network Approach

Clinical Psychological Science ◽

10.1177/21677026211000670 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 216770262110006

Author(s):

Sarah L. Brown ◽

Andrew J. Marshall ◽

Sean M. Mitchell ◽

Jared F. Roush ◽

Gregory H. Mumma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Network Analysis ◽

Suicide Risk ◽

Suicide Ideation ◽

Psychiatric Inpatients ◽

Psychological Theory ◽

Latent Constructs ◽

Item Level ◽

Interpersonal Needs ◽

Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire ◽

Interpersonal Psychological Theory

We aimed to demonstrate the utility of an item-level network analysis approach to suicide risk by testing the interpersonal psychological theory of suicide (IPTS) among 402 psychiatric inpatients. We hypothesized that specific thwarted belongingness (TB) or perceived burdensomeness (PB; Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire items) facets would positively relate to passive or active suicide ideation and that these facets would positively relate to each other and form distinct clusters. We also tested TB and PB facets central to the networks as predictors of suicide ideation compared with the full TB and PB subscales. Face-valid items congruent with latent constructs proposed by the IPTS (i.e., feelings of burden on society, feeling that one does not belong) were the only two facets uniquely predictive of passive and active suicide ideation. Facets of TB and PB did not form distinct clusters. Item-level network analysis may have important conceptual, assessment, predictive, and clinical implications for understanding suicide risk.

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Fasting and acquired capability for suicide: A test of the interpersonal-psychological theory of suicide in an undergraduate sample

Psychiatry Research ◽

10.1016/j.psychres.2014.11.059 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 226 (1) ◽

pp. 61-67 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Kelly L. Zuromski ◽

Tracy K. Witte

Keyword(s):

Psychological Theory ◽

Acquired Capability ◽

Interpersonal Psychological Theory

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Focusing Our View of Dyslexia Through a Multifactorial Lens: A Commentary

Learning Disability Quarterly ◽

10.1177/0731948720939009 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 073194872093900

Author(s):

Donald L. Compton

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Protective Factors ◽

Risk And Protective Factors ◽

Potential Utility ◽

Multifactorial Model ◽

Special Series ◽

Cognitive Linguistic

Multifactorial models of dyslexia have expanded how we consider heterogeneity within the population of children with dyslexia. These models are predicated on the idea that cognitive/linguistic risk factors are not deterministic but instead probabilistic, with the likelihood of difficulties involving an interaction between risk and protective factors that include both exogenous and endogenous influences. In this commentary a multifactorial model perspective is applied to examine, based on the six papers that make up the special series, the potential utility of such models to clarify issues of etiology, identification, and instruction of children with dyslexia. This approach seems to suggest that multifactorial models of dyslexia have potential to significantly expand our understanding of etiology with less immediate promise for identification and instruction.

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Suicide

10.1093/oso/9780190630430.003.0006 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Gianni Pirelli

Keyword(s):

Law Enforcement ◽

Best Practices ◽

Protective Factors ◽

Military Personnel ◽

Suicide Risk ◽

Risk And Protective Factors ◽

Suicide Risk Assessment ◽

Case Examples ◽

Theoretical Perspectives ◽

Firearm Safety

In this chapter, the authors cover suicide, both generally and more specifically related to firearms. First, they review suicide-related terminology and definitions. Understanding suicide is critically important, especially when considering the professions that interact with potentially suicidal persons with access to firearms, including civilians as well as law enforcement and military personnel. Second, grounded in the best available data concerning and research associated with suicide, the authors provide an overview of various theoretical perspectives as to why people die by suicide and present key risk and protective factors in this regard. In this context, they review firearm-related suicide statistics, risk and protective factors, and relevant laws and critique the limitations of available data and policies. They also outline considerations related to suicide risk assessment, management, and prevention. Finally, they provide various case examples of firearm-related suicides to highlight the need to develop best practices concerning suicide risk and firearm safety.

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