A Model for Analyzing Suicide Prevention

Crisis ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maila Upanne
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Practical Work ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Prevention Project ◽  
Individual Risk Factors

This study monitored the evolution of psychologists' (n = 31) conceptions of suicide prevention over the 9-year course of the National Suicide Prevention Project in Finland and assessed the feasibility of the theoretical model for analyzing suicide prevention developed in earlier studies [ Upanne, 1999a , b ]. The study was formulated as a retrospective self-assessment where participants compared their earlier descriptions of suicide prevention with their current views. The changes in conceptions were analyzed and interpreted using both the model and the explanations given by the subjects themselves. The analysis proved the model to be a useful framework for revealing the essential features of prevention. The results showed that the freely-formulated ideas on prevention were more comprehensive than those evolved in practical work. Compared to the earlier findings, the conceptions among the group had shifted toward emphasizing a curative approach and the significance of individual risk factors. In particular, greater priority was focused on the acute suicide risk phase as a preventive target. Nonetheless, the overall structure of prevention ideology remained comprehensive and multifactorial, stressing multistage influencing. Promotive aims (protective factors) also remained part of the prevention paradigm. Practical working experiences enhanced the psychologists' sense of the difficulties of suicide prevention as well as their criticism and feeling of powerlessness.

scholarly journals Adolescent and Youth Suicide: Risk Factors and Approaches to Prevention

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-136
Author(s):  
Svetlana Markova ◽  
Catherine Nikitskaya
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
School Psychologists ◽  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Current Approach ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Suicide Risk Factors

The aim of this article is to explore current approach to suicide prevention at school. The article provides information about statistics and the importance of the problem. It addresses risk and protective factors of suicide and its causes. In addition, it provides a detailed examination of the role of school in suicide prevention. The article contains information regarding specific interventions for staff members, administration and school psychologists. It discusses existing tools and programs the school has access to in order to prevent suicidal behaviors and ideations among students.

Universal Approaches to Youth Suicide Prevention

2017 ◽  
pp. 497-506
Author(s):  
Maggie G. Mortali
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Prevention Programs ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Whole School ◽  
School Based ◽  
Individual Risk Factors ◽  
Suicide Prevention Programs

This chapter focuses on suicide prevention programs that have taken a universal approach, targeting whole populations of adolescents regardless of individual risk factors. The aim of universal suicide prevention programs is to reduce risk factors or enhance protective factors across the entire population. One particularly widespread approach targets youth where they are most accessible—in the schools. Four types of universal prevention programs are especially common and continue to be the most widely used approach in schools: school-based screening programs, adult and peer gatekeeper training programs, skills training programs, and comprehensive or “whole school” programs. This chapter describes and critiques each type, gives examples, and discusses the assumptions under which these programs operate.

Abstract 2082: A Model of Quality of Life in Adolescents with Congenital Heart Disease

Circulation ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 118 (suppl_18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ju Ryung Moon ◽  
Soo-ln Jeong ◽  
June Huh ◽  
I-Seok Kang ◽  
Seung Woo Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Congenital Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Hypothetical Model ◽  
Individual Risk Factors

Objective : This study was examined to identify the variables related to quality of life (QOL) in adolescents with congenital heart disease (CHD). Methods : The subjects were 266 adolescents with CHD under observation following cardiac surgery in three cardiac centers in Korea. The adolescents each completed twenty questionnaires. The exogenous variables in the model were individual risk factors, individual protective factors, family protective factors and social protective factors, while QOL and resilience were an endogenous variable. These six theoretical variables were assessed by 20 measurable variables (anxiety, depression, symptom distress, NYHA Functional class, oxygen saturation, number of operations, self-esteem, hope, attitude toward CHD, body image, academic achievement, family cohesion, family function, parental support, parental overprotection, socioeconomic status, friend support, teacher support, resilience and QOL) and 15 paths were established. Data were analysed using structural equation modelling. Results: The overall fit indices of the hypothetical model were χ2=26.63, GFI=.96, RMR=.02, NFI=.95, RFI=.85, IFI=.98 and PNFI=.87. All 15 paths in the hypothetical model were found to be significant(all, p<0.01). Higher resilience (t=11.93), family (t=7.88), individual (t=5.75), and social (t=4.14) protective factors were associated with increased QOL, as were lower individual risk factors (t=−5.30). Resilience had the greatest impact on QOL. Individual protective factors correlated positively with both family (t=8.88) and social (t=8.33) protective factors, while family factors correlated positively with social protective factors (t=9.31). Individual risk factors correlated negatively with family (t=−7.13), individual (t=−7.00) and social (t=−4.69) protective factors. Thus, the higher each of these protective factors was, the smaller the effect of individual risk factors. Conclusion: To increase the QOL of adolescents with CHD, it is important to develop a strategy to increase resilience. Furthermore, nursing interventions that will enhance individual, family, and social protective factors must be developed and implemented in order to reduce the negative effects of individual risk factors.

scholarly journals Cardio-Metabolic Risk Factors in Scottish South Asian and Caucasian Youth

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4667
Author(s):  
Meizi Wang ◽  
Jianhua Ying ◽  
Ukadike Chris Ugbolue ◽  
Duncan S. Buchan ◽  
Yaodong Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Metabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
Asian Adolescents ◽  
Individual Risk Factors

(1) Background: Scotland has one of the highest rates of obesity in the Western World, it is well established that poor weight profiles, and particularly abdominal obesity, is strongly associated with Type II diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Whether these associations are apparent in ethnic population groups in Scotland is unclear. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between different measures of fatness with clustered cardio metabolic risk factors between Scottish South Asian adolescents and Scottish Caucasian adolescents; (2) Methods: A sample of 208 Caucasian adolescents and 52 South Asian adolescents participated in this study. Stature, waist circumference, body mass index, blood pressure, physical activity, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk were measured; (3) Results: Significant, partial correlations in the South Asian cohort between body mass index (BMI) and individual risk factors were generally moderate. However, correlations between Waist circumference (WC) and individual risk factors were significant and strong. In the Caucasian cohort, a significant yet weak correlation between WC and total cholesterol (TG) was noted although no other associations were evident for either WC or BMI. Multiple regression analysis revealed that both BMI and WC were positively associated with CCR (p < 0.01) in the South Asian group and with the additional adjustment of either WC or BMI, the independent associations with clustered cardio-metabolic risk (CCR) remained significant (p < 0.005); (4) Conclusions: No positive relationships were found between BMI, WC, and CCR in the Caucasian group. Strong and significant associations between measures of fatness and metabolic risk were evident in Scottish South Asian adolescents.

How Community and Individual Risk Factors Mutually Impact Youth’s Perceived Safety: A Syndemic Analysis Using Structural Equation Modeling

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052110283
Author(s):  
Yingwei Yang ◽  
Karen D. Liller ◽  
Martha Coulter ◽  
Abraham Salinas-Miranda ◽  
Dinorah Martinez Tyson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Community Safety ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Latent Factor ◽  
Community Factors ◽  
Individual Risk Factors ◽  
Syndemic Theory

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the mutual impact of community and individual factors on youth’s perceptions of community safety, using structural equation modeling (SEM) conceptualized by syndemic theory. This study used survey data collected from a county wide sample of middle and high school students (N=25,147) in West Central Florida in 2015. The outcome variable was youth’s perceptions of community safety. Predictors were latent individual and community factors constructed from 14 observed variables including gun accessibility, substance use, depressive symptoms, and multiple neighborhood disadvantage questions. Three structural equation models were conceptualized based on syndemic theory and analyzed in Mplus 8 using weighted least squares (WLS) estimation. Each model’s goodness of fit was assessed. Approximately seven percent of youth reported feeling unsafe in their community. After model modifications, the final model showed a good fit of the data and adhered to the theoretical assumption. In the final SEM model, an individual latent factor was implied by individual predictors measuring gun accessibility without adult’s permission (β=0.70), sadness and hopelessness (β=0.52), alcohol use (β=0.79), marijuana use (β=0.94), and illegal drug use (β=0.77). Meanwhile, a community latent factor was indicated by multiple community problems including public drinking (β=0.88), drug addiction (β=0.96), drug selling (β=0.97), lack of money (β=0.83), gang activities (β=0.90), litter and trash (β=0.79), graffiti (β=0.91), deserted houses (β=0.86), and shootings (β=0.93). A second-order syndemic factor that represented the individual and community factors showed a very strong negative association with youth’s safe perception (β=-0.98). This study indicates that individual risk factors and disadvantaged community conditions interacted with each other and mutually affected youth’s perceptions of community safety. To reduce these co-occurring effects and improve safe perceptions among youth, researchers and practitioners should develop and implement comprehensive strategies targeting both individual and community factors.

Educating medical professionals about suicide prevention among military veterans

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debora Ganz ◽  
Leo Sher
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Medical Professionals ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Physical Injuries ◽  
Assessment Techniques ◽  
Psychosocial Difficulties ◽  
Military Veteran ◽  
Careful Assessment

Abstract The aim of this paper was to discuss the results of a review of literature related to suicide in military veteran populations. Suicide in veteran populations has been increasing in recent years, and continues to be a medical and social problem across the globe. For medical health professionals, knowledge of the risk factors for suicide, careful assessment, and appropriate interventions are key to suicide prevention. The main aim of this review is to better understand the risk factors present in veteran suicide and find ways by which to educate medical professionals in suicide prevention. Key suicide risk factors found in veteran populations include posttraumatic stress disorder, major depressive disorder, physical injuries, substance use disorders, traumatic brain injury, combat-related guilt, access to firearms, and insufficient social support. Some psychosocial difficulties are unique to veteran populations, and medical professionals should be culturally sensitive to these factors. Psychosocial changes upon discharge from active duty, as well as stigma against mental health disorders and treatment, should also be considered and assessed. Given that general practitioners may be the first line of defense for these veterans, they should be educated in risk factors for veteran suicide and proper assessment techniques. Any suicide risk in a veteran population should be taken very seriously, and responded to appropriately.

‘Genetics load the gun, but the environment pulls the trigger’: novel, emerging and non-traditional risk factors in cardiovascular disease

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Andrew Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Traditional Risk Factors ◽  
Individual Risk Factors ◽  
The Impact

In this article, Andy Richardson, BANCC Educational Advisor, examines several important environmental and individual risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Following on from the meeting of Global Leaders at COP26 in Glasgow, he considers the impact of, and exposure to, environmental factors, including pollution and noise.

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