scholarly journals Knowledge About Individuals’ Interracial Friendships Is Systematically Associated With Mental Representations of Race, Traits, and Group Solidarity

2021 ◽  
pp. 014616722110241
Author(s):  
Jonas R. Kunst ◽  
Ivuoma N. Onyeador ◽  
John F. Dovidio
Keyword(s):  
Social Action ◽  
Social Identification ◽  
Correlation Technique ◽  
Group Representations ◽  
Assimilation Effect ◽  
Group Solidarity ◽  
White American ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Interracial Friendships ◽  
Group Members

Individuals with other-race friends are perceived to identify less strongly with their racial in-group than are individuals with same-race friends. Using the reverse-correlation technique, we show that this effect goes beyond perceptions of social identification, influencing how people are mentally represented. In four studies with Black and White American participants, we demonstrate a “racial assimilation effect”: Participants, independent of their own race, represented both Black and White targets with other-race friends as phenotypically more similar to the respective racial out-group. Representations of targets with racial out-group friends were subsequently rated as more likely to engage in social action supportive of the racial out-group. Out-group targets with other-race friends were represented more favorably than out-group targets with mostly same-race friends. White participants had particularly negative representations of in-group members with mostly Black friends. The present research suggests that individuals’ social networks influence how their race and associated traits are mentally represented.

scholarly journals Knowledge About Individuals’ Interracial Friendships is Systematically Associated with Mental Representations of Race, Traits, and Group Solidarity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas R. Kunst ◽  
Ivuoma Ngozi Onyeador ◽  
John F. Dovidio
Keyword(s):  
Social Action ◽  
Social Identification ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
Group Representations ◽  
Assimilation Effect ◽  
Group Solidarity ◽  
White American ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Interracial Friendships ◽  
Group Members

Individuals with other-race friends are perceived to identify more strongly with racial out-groups than individuals with same-race friends. We show that this effect goes beyond perceptions of social identification, influencing how individuals are mentally represented. In three studies with Black and White American participants, we demonstrate a “racial assimilation effect”: Participants, independent of their own race, represented both Black and White targets with other-race friends as phenotypically more similar to the respective racial out-group. Representations of targets with racial out-group friends were subsequently rated as more likely to engage in social action supportive of the racial out-group. Out-group targets with other-race friends were represented more favorably (e.g., as warm, competent, trustworthy) than targets with mostly same-race friends. However, White participants had particularly negative representations of in-group members with mostly Black friends. The present research thus demonstrates how individuals’ social environments influence how their race and associated traits are mentally represented.

Life Course Pathways from Parental Education to Age-Related Decrements in Kidney Function Among Black and White American Adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 105291
Author(s):  
Agus Surachman ◽  
Alexis R. Santos ◽  
Jonathan K. Daw ◽  
Lacy Alexander ◽  
David M. Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
White American ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Age Related

scholarly journals (Im)moral Symbols and (Im)moral Deeds: Defensive Strategies for Coping with Historical Transgressions of Group Heroes and Villains

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 183449092199143
Author(s):  
Jovan Ivanović ◽  
Iris Žeželj ◽  
Charis Psaltis
Keyword(s):  
Collective Identity ◽  
Moral Disengagement ◽  
Educational Communication ◽  
Social Identification ◽  
Black Sheep ◽  
Defensive Strategies ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Greek Cypriot ◽  
Black Sheep Effect ◽  
Group Members

In two post-conflict societies (Serbia and Cyprus), the authors investigated how people cope with in-group historical transgression when heroes and villains relevant for their collective identity are made salient in it. The authors set the events in foundational periods for Serbian (Experiment 1) and Greek Cypriot (Experiment 2) ethnic identity—that is, historical representations of the Battle of Kosovo (1389) and the Liberation Struggle (1955–1959), respectively. In both experiments, a between-subjects design was used to manipulate group membership (in-group or out-group) and representation of the salient character (hero, villain, or neutral) in fictitious but historically plausible accounts of transgressions. In Experiment 1 ( N = 225), the participants showed more moral disengagement in the case of in-group historical transgressions than in the case of identical transgressions by an out-group, while the in-group hero was rejected less than all the other historical characters. Social identification based on in-group superiority moderated both observed effects in such a manner that they were more pronounced for participants perceiving their ethnic group as superior. In Experiment 2 ( N = 136), historical transgression involving the in-group hero provoked the most moral disengagement and the least rejection of the group deviant. In-group superiority and in-group importance as distinct modes of social identification moderated these effects in such a way that they were more pronounced for high-identifying individuals. Taken together, the experiments show that the in-group hero, as a highly valued ethnic symbol, is exempt from the black sheep effect and the sanctions of critically attached group members. The authors discuss the implications of in-group heroes for political and educational communication.

Invincible bodies: American sport media’s racialization of Black and white college football players

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 272-290
Author(s):  
Siduri J Haslerig ◽  
Rican Vue ◽  
Sara E Grummert
Keyword(s):  
Black People ◽  
College Football ◽  
American Football ◽  
Football Players ◽  
White Supremacist ◽  
White American ◽  
Black And White ◽  
The Us ◽  
Sports Programming ◽  
White College

As the most watched college sport broadcast of all time, the US Entertainment and Sports Programming Network (ESPN)’s College GameDay (CGD) is one source of socialization that primes US audiences to make certain associations. Through disaggregated analysis of regular- and post-season CGD pre-game and game-of-the-week broadcasts during the 2016 football season, the authors examine the coverage of players’ physicality and injuries, contrasting the portrayals of Black and white American football players. The paper documents prominent narratives that promoted Black players as relatively invulnerable, while making the case that these narratives serve to prime audiences to ascribe inhuman abilities to Black people and thereby reinforce white supremacist ideology.

A Quantitative Method to Explore the Assimilation Effects

Perception ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 26 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 217-217
Author(s):  
E Kroon ◽  
M J H Puts ◽  
C M M de Weert
Keyword(s):  
Test Stimulus ◽  
Stimulus Object ◽  
Object Segmentation ◽  
Matching Task ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Assimilation Effect ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Central Processing ◽  
Insight Into

The role of central processes in the assimilation effect can easily be shown qualitatively (de Weert and Spillmann, 1995 Vision Research35 1413 – 1419), but it is difficult to measure quantitatively because of the subtlety of the effect. In most experimental designs, the match stimulus differs greatly in appearance from the test stimulus, eg in size or configuration, and because these differences are far more striking than the assimilation effect, matching is difficult. Central processing, eg object segmentation, influences colour spreading. It is this property that we explored with a new approach: a matching task in which the match stimulus has the same properties (eg size and configuration) as the test stimulus. Object segmentation is forced by stereopsis-induced depth. The test stimulus consists of two depth planes, one with black dots and the other with white dots, on a homogeneous gray background. The match stimulus has the same configuration of black and white dots, but now squeezed into a single depth plane. The basic idea behind this stimulus is that assimilation mainly acts on the back plane of a scene (as can be shown experimentally). So, while keeping the appearance of the stimulus the same, subjects can focus on the assimilation effect itself. This new approach allows us to explore more aspects of the assimilation effect and gain insight into the processes involved.

“I Kind of Have a Goal When I Do It”: The Phenomenology of Cultural Variability in Southeast Asian American Tricultural Emerging Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 382-396
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Nguyen ◽  
Gail M. Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Asian American ◽  
Hip Hop ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Cultural Identities ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Negotiation Strategy ◽  
White American ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Southeast Asian American

Cultural variability (CV) is a dynamic identity process by which individuals play up and play down their cultural identities from day to day. This study examines the phenomenology of CV in a unique group of tricultural Southeast Asian American (SEAA) emerging adults who identify with Asian American, White American, and hip hop cultures to understand how it is experienced, the reasons for its use, the extent to which it is conscious/agentic, and how three cultural identities are managed simultaneously. Interpretive phenomenological analyses reveal that CV was used consciously and involved making behavioral and cognitive changes to fit in with out-group members, educate others about SEAA culture, and to distance themselves from in-group members. Importantly, the centrality of SEAA identity most often remained stable despite playing up/down identities. Overall, findings suggest that CV is an essential identity negotiation strategy for tricultural emerging adults that is complementary to alternation/code-switching.

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