Invincible bodies: American sport media’s racialization of Black and white college football players

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 272-290
Author(s):  
Siduri J Haslerig ◽  
Rican Vue ◽  
Sara E Grummert
Keyword(s):  
Black People ◽  
College Football ◽  
American Football ◽  
Football Players ◽  
White Supremacist ◽  
White American ◽  
Black And White ◽  
The Us ◽  
Sports Programming ◽  
White College

As the most watched college sport broadcast of all time, the US Entertainment and Sports Programming Network (ESPN)’s College GameDay (CGD) is one source of socialization that primes US audiences to make certain associations. Through disaggregated analysis of regular- and post-season CGD pre-game and game-of-the-week broadcasts during the 2016 football season, the authors examine the coverage of players’ physicality and injuries, contrasting the portrayals of Black and white American football players. The paper documents prominent narratives that promoted Black players as relatively invulnerable, while making the case that these narratives serve to prime audiences to ascribe inhuman abilities to Black people and thereby reinforce white supremacist ideology.

A comparison of hometown socioeconomics and demographics for black and white elite football players in the US

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 615-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Allison ◽  
Adriene Davis ◽  
Raymond Barranco
Keyword(s):  
National Football League ◽  
Census Data ◽  
American Football ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Socioeconomically Disadvantaged ◽  
Demographic Profiles ◽  
Black And White ◽  
The Us ◽  
Sports Programming ◽  
Us Census

Despite widespread perceptions of elite US sport as meritocratic, there is little empirical research on the social origins of those who play college and professional sports in the US or how these vary by race. We use the case of American football, linking Entertainment and Sports Programming Network’s national recruit rankings data on incoming college football players from 2007–2016 ( N=929) with 2000 US Census data. Our study compares hometown socioeconomic and demographic indicators for black and white college athletes and then for those drafted into the National Football League. Findings show that the socioeconomic and demographic profiles of the hometowns producing elite football athletes vary by both athlete race and draft status. Black draftees come from denser, more socioeconomically disadvantaged and blacker hometowns than black non-drafted athletes, while white draftees come from less socioeconomically disadvantaged hometowns than white non-drafted athletes.

The Time Course of Perceptual Recovery Markers After Match Play in Division I-A College American Football

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1264-1266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh H.K. Fullagar ◽  
Andrew Govus ◽  
James Hanisch ◽  
Andrew Murray
Keyword(s):  
Recovery Time ◽  
Time Course ◽  
College Football ◽  
American Football ◽  
Division I ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Match Play ◽  
Time Points ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Differences

Purpose:To investigate the recovery time course of customized wellness markers (sleep, soreness, energy, and overall wellness) in response to match play in American Division I-A college football players. Methods:A retrospective research design was used. Wellness data were collected and analyzed for 2 American college football seasons. Perceptions of soreness, sleep, energy, and overall wellness were obtained for the day before each game (GD–1) and the days after each game (GD+2, GD+3, and GD+4). Standardized effect-size (ES) analyses ± 90% confidence intervals were used to interpret the magnitude of the mean differences between all time points for the start, middle, and finish of the season, using the following qualitative descriptors: 0–0.19 trivial, 0.2–0.59 small, 0.6–1.19 moderate, 1.2–1.99 large, <2.0 very large. Results:Overall wellness showed small ES reductions on GD+2 (d = 0.22 ± 0.09, likely [94.8%]), GD+3 (d = 0.37 ± 0.15, very likely), and GD+4 (d = 0.29 ± 0.12, very likely) compared with GD–1. There were small ES reductions for soreness between GD–1 and GD+2, GD+3, and GD +4 (d = 0.21 ± 0.09, likely, d = 0.29 ± 0.12, very likely, and 0.30 ± 0.12, very likely, respectively). Small ES reductions were also evident between GD–1 and GD+3 (d = 0.21 ± 0.09, likely) for sleep. Feelings of energy showed small ESs on GD+3 (d = 0.27 ± 0.11, very likely) and GD+4 (d = 0.22 ± 0.09, likely) compared with GD–1. Conclusion:All wellness markers were likely to very likely worse on GD+3 and GD+4 than on GD–1. These findings show that perceptual wellness takes longer than 4 d to return to pregame levels and thus should be considered when prescribing training and/or recovery.

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN BLACK AND WHITE AMERICAN ENGLISH: SLANG EXPRESSIONS

LINGUISTICA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 274
Author(s):  
FIKRI MURTADHA ◽  
Meisuri Meisuri ◽  
Masitowarni Siregar
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Black People ◽  
American English ◽  
The United States ◽  
Black English ◽  
Black American ◽  
Morphological Process ◽  
White American ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Youtube Videos

This study deals with the differences between Black English and White American English based on the slang expressions as found in 10 songs by black and white rappers taken from YouTube videos. The analysis shows that the 5 songs by white rappers contain 394 sentences as compared with those of black rappers which is 493 sentences. The slang expressions are identified based on the existing theory and then they are categorized into the semantic change and morphological process  or formation of the expressions. It was found that there were more slang expressions in the Black English (39.95%) as compared with that of the White English (25.88%).There are more morphological processes in the black American English (6 of 8 types) compared with those of white American English (4 out of 8 types). The missing processes in black American English are borrowing and compounding whereas in the white American English are acronym, borrowing, backformation and conversion. The major or dominant processes in white American English are clipping (43.24%) and invention (41.44%) whereas in the black American English are clipping (30.02%) and invention (22.31%). At first sight it is difficult to understand the contents of the songs without referring to the explanations on the background and cultural values of the singers. The slang expressions which include a word, a phrase or a sentence contain the themes about sex, drugs and racialism among the black people in the United States. It is suggested that students who wanted to broaden their knowledge about English and its varieties should learn more about Black English. Keywords: morphological process; rappers; semantic changes; slang expression

Racial and Athletic Identity of African American Football Players

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse A. Steinfeldt ◽  
Courtney Reed ◽  
Clint M. Steinfeldt
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Athletic Identity ◽  
American Football ◽  
Football Players

Free but fragile: Human relations amidst poverty and HIV in democratic South Africa

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-94
Author(s):  
Christina Landman
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Predominantly White ◽  
Black People ◽  
Hiv Treatment ◽  
Human Relations ◽  
White People ◽  
Black And White ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Black Township

Dullstroom-Emnotweni is the highest town in South Africa. Cold and misty, it is situated in the eastern Highveld, halfway between the capital Pretoria/Tswane and the Mozambique border. Alongside the main road of the white town, 27 restaurants provide entertainment to tourists on their way to Mozambique or the Kruger National Park. The inhabitants of the black township, Sakhelwe, are remnants of the Southern Ndebele who have lost their land a century ago in wars against the whites. They are mainly dependent on employment as cleaners and waitresses in the still predominantly white town. Three white people from the white town and three black people from the township have been interviewed on their views whether democracy has brought changes to this society during the past 20 years. Answers cover a wide range of views. Gratitude is expressed that women are now safer and HIV treatment available. However, unemployment and poverty persist in a community that nevertheless shows resilience and feeds on hope. While the first part of this article relates the interviews, the final part identifies from them the discourses that keep the black and white communities from forming a group identity that is based on equality and human dignity as the values of democracy.

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