Using Administrative Data to Explore the Effect of Survey Nonresponse in the UK Employment Retention and Advancement Demonstration

Background: Even a well-designed randomized control trial (RCT) study can produce ambiguous results. This article highlights a case in which full sample results from a large-scale RCT in the United Kingdom differ from results for a subsample of survey respondents. Objectives: Our objective is to ascertain the source of the discrepancy in inferences across data sources and, in doing so, to highlight important threats to the reliability of the causal conclusions derived from even the strongest research designs. Research design: The study analyzes administrative data to shed light on the source of the differences between the estimates. We explore the extent to which heterogeneous treatment impacts and survey nonresponse might explain these differences. We suggest checks which assess the external validity of survey measured impacts, which in turn provides an opportunity to test the effectiveness of different weighting schemes to remove bias. The subjects included 6,787 individuals who participated in a large-scale social policy experiment. Results: Our results were not definitive but suggest nonresponse bias is the main source of the inconsistent findings. Conclusions: The results caution against overconfidence in drawing conclusions from RCTs and highlight the need for great care to be taken in data collection and analysis. Particularly, given the modest size of impacts expected in most RCTs, small discrepancies in data sources can alter the results. Survey data remain important as a source of information on outcomes not recorded in administrative data. However, linking survey and administrative data is strongly recommended whenever possible.

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Using Administrative Data to Explore the Effect of Survey Nonresponse in the UK Employment Retention and Advancement Demonstration

Evaluation Review ◽

10.1177/0193841x16674395 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 42 (5-6) ◽

pp. 491-514 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Richard Dorsett ◽

Richard Hendra ◽

Philip K. Robins

Keyword(s):

Administrative Data ◽

Large Scale ◽

Data Sources ◽

Survey Nonresponse ◽

Full Sample ◽

Employment Retention ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

Data Collection And Analysis ◽

Research Designs ◽

The Uk

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Upscaling non-residential bio-based circular construction in the United Kingdom

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/855/1/012015 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 855 (1) ◽

pp. 012015

Author(s):

B Dams ◽

D Maskell ◽

A Shea ◽

S Allen ◽

V Cascione ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United Kingdom ◽

Case Studies ◽

Construction Projects ◽

Large Scale ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

Distribution Centre ◽

Vested Interests ◽

The Uk ◽

The University

Abstract Non-residential circular construction projects using bio-based materials have been realised in the United Kingdom. Case studies include the Adnams Distribution Centre, the University of East Anglia’s Enterprise Centre and the British Science Museum’s hempcrete storage facility. The bio-based buildings utilise the natural properties of bio-based materials to insulate and regulate internal environments, particularly with reducing fluctuations in temperature and relative humidity, which can be harmful to sensitive stored products and artefacts. Projects have been successful on both on environmental and physical performance levels; however, they have not led to a subsequent proliferation of non-residential large-scale circular projects within the UK using emerging bio-based materials. This study examines why and uses analysis based upon exclusive interviews with key figures associated with bio-based case studies. Challenges faced include the ability to upscale production by manufacturers of bio-based materials, problems surrounding initial costs, gaining accreditation for materials, the vested interests present in the construction industry and levels of knowledge among clients and construction professionals. Potential upscaling solutions identified include long-term financial savings on running costs and high staff productivity, policies regarding grants, incentives and planning applications and local economic regeneration.

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SARS-CoV-2 neutralising antibodies in Dogs and Cats in the United Kingdom

10.1101/2021.06.23.449594 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shirley Smith ◽

Enyia Anderson ◽

Cintia Cansado Utrilla ◽

Tessa Prince ◽

Sean Farrell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United Kingdom ◽

Large Scale ◽

Companion Animals ◽

Human Infection ◽

Neutralising Antibodies ◽

Diagnostic Laboratory ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

The Uk ◽

Human Infections ◽

Second Wave

Companion animals are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection and sporadic cases of pet infections have occurred in the United Kingdom. Here we present the first large-scale serological survey of SARS-CoV-2 neutralising antibodies in dogs and cats in the UK. Results are reported for 688 sera (454 canine, 234 feline) collected by a large veterinary diagnostic laboratory for routine haematology during three time periods; pre-COVID-19 (January 2020), during the first wave of UK human infections (April-May 2020) and during the second wave of UK human infections (September 2020-February 2021). Both pre-COVID-19 sera and those from the first wave tested negative. However, in sera collected during the second wave, 1.4% (n=4) of dogs and 2.2% (n=2) cats tested positive for neutralising antibodies. The low numbers of animals testing positive suggests pet animals are unlikely to be a major reservoir for human infection in the UK. However, continued surveillance of in-contact susceptible animals should be performed as part of ongoing population health surveillance initiatives.

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The Use of Large-Scale Administrative Data Sets to Monitor Progression from Vocational Education and Training into Higher Education in the UK: Possibilities and Methodological Challenges

Research in Comparative and International Education ◽

10.2304/rcie.2011.6.3.316 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 316-329 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Geoff Hayward ◽

Michael Hoelscher

Keyword(s):

Higher Education ◽

Vocational Education ◽

Administrative Data ◽

Large Scale ◽

Education And Training ◽

Vocational Education And Training ◽

Data Sets ◽

Methodological Challenges ◽

The Uk ◽

And Training

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Big data: what it can and cannot achieve

BJPsych Advances ◽

10.1192/bja.2018.15 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 237-244 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Peter Schofield ◽

Jayati Das-Munshi

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Big Data ◽

Health Research ◽

Mental Health Research ◽

Data Sources ◽

List Type ◽

Traditional Research ◽

Research Designs ◽

The Uk ◽

Study Designs

SUMMARYThis article looks at the use of large datasets of health records, typically linked with other data sources, in mental health research. The most comprehensive examples of this kind of ‘big data’ are typically found in Scandinavian countries, although there are also many useful sources in the UK. There are a number of promising methodological innovations from studies using big data in UK mental health research, including: hybrid study designs, data linkage and enhanced study recruitment. It is, however, important to be aware of the limitations of research using big data, particularly the various pitfalls in analysis. We therefore caution against abandoning traditional research designs, and argue that other data sources are equally valuable and, ideally, research should incorporate data from a range of sources.LEARNING OBJECTIVES•Be aware of major big data resources relevant to mental health research•Be aware of key advantages and innovative study designs using these data sources•Understand the inherent limitations to studies reliant on big data aloneDECLARATION OF INTERESTNone.

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Liquefied Energy Gases in the UK: What Price Public Safety?

Environment and Planning A Economy and Space ◽

10.1068/a130339 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 339-354 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sally M Macgill

Keyword(s):

United Kingdom ◽

Public Safety ◽

Large Scale ◽

Control Policy ◽

Safety Measures ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

Hazard Control ◽

The Uk

Twelve serious inadequacies of hazard-control policy in the United Kingdom as it relates to liquefied energy gases (LEGs) are identified in this paper. These inadequacies are discussed against a background of the hazard properties of liquefied energy gases and associated hazard incidents (actual and potential), the growing scale on which these substances are handled, and with reference to large-scale liquefied energy gas facilities currently being developed in Fife, Scotland. It is argued that the hazards posed far outweigh the safety measures practiced.

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Advancing cross-centre research networks: learning from experience, looking to the future

International Journal for Population Data Science ◽

10.23889/ijpds.v3i4.609 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Kerina Jones ◽

Sharon Heys ◽

Helen Daniels

Keyword(s):

Information Sharing ◽

Data Sharing ◽

Virtual Teams ◽

Administrative Data ◽

Large Scale ◽

Data Availability ◽

Research Networks ◽

The Public ◽

Information Governance ◽

The Uk

IntroductionMany jurisdictions have programmes for the large-scale reuse of health and administrative data that would benefit from greater cross-centre working. The Advancing Cross centre Research Networks (ACoRN) project considered barriers and drivers for joint working and information sharing using the UK Farr Institute as a case study, and applicable widely. Objectives and ApproachACoRN collected information from researchers, analysts, academics and the public to gauge the acceptability of sharing data across institutions and jurisdictions. It considered international researcher experiences and evidence from a variety of cross centre projects to reveal barriers and potential solutions to joint working. It reviewed the legal and regulatory provisions that surround data sharing and cross-centre working, including issues of information governance to provide the context and backdrop. The emerging issues were grouped into five themes and used to propose a set of recommendations. ResultsThe five themes identified were: organisational structures and legal entities; people and culture; information governance; technology and infrastructure; and finance and strategic planning. Recommendations within these included: standardised terms and conditions including agreements and contractual templates; performance indicators for frequency of dataset sharing; communities of practice and virtual teams to develop cooperation; standardised policies and procedures to underpin data sharing; an accredited quality seal for organisations sharing data; a dashboard for data availability and sharing; and adequate resource to move towards greater uniformity and to drive data sharing initiatives. Conclusion/ImplicationsThe challenges posed by cross-centre information sharing are considerable but the public benefits associated with the greater use of health and administrative data are inestimable, particularly as novel and emerging data become increasingly available. The proposed recommendations will assist in achieving the benefits of cross-centre working.

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United Kingdom newsprint media reporting on sexual health and blood-borne viruses in 2010

Sexual Health ◽

10.1071/sh13093 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 546 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Susan Martin ◽

Shona Hilton ◽

Lisa M. McDaid

Keyword(s):

United Kingdom ◽

Sexual Health ◽

Media Coverage ◽

Large Scale ◽

Risk Groups ◽

Media Representations ◽

Media Messages ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

The Media ◽

The Uk

Background Improving sexual health and blood-borne virus (BBV) outcomes continue to be of high priority within the United Kingdom (UK) and it is evident that the media can and do impact the public health agenda. This paper presents the first large-scale exploration of UK national newsprint media representations of sexual health and BBVs. Methods: Using keyword searches in electronic databases, 677 articles published during 2010 were identified from 12 national (UK-wide and Scottish) newspapers. Content analysis was used to identify manifest content and to examine the tone of articles. Results: Although there was a mixed picture overall in terms of tone, negatively toned articles, which focussed on failures or blame, were common, particularly within HIV/AIDS, hepatitis B and C, and other sexually transmissible infection coverage (41% were assessed as containing negative content; 46% had negative headlines). Differences were found by newspaper genre, with ‘serious’ newspaper articles appearing more positive and informative than ‘midmarket’ newspapers or ‘tabloids’. Across the sample, particular individuals, behaviours and risk groups were focussed on, not always accurately, and there was little mention of deprivation and inequalities (9%). A gender imbalance was evident, particularly within reproductive health articles (71% focussed on women; 23% on men), raising questions concerning gender stereotyping. Conclusions: There is a need to challenge the role that media messages have in the reinforcement of a negative culture around sexual health in the UK and for a strong collective advocacy voice to ensure that future media coverage is positively portrayed.

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Understanding the Profile and Needs of Abused Men: Exploring Call Data From a Male Domestic Violence Charity in the United Kingdom

Journal of Interpersonal Violence ◽

10.1177/08862605211028014 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 088626052110280

Author(s):

Benjamin Hine ◽

Sarah Wallace ◽

Elizabeth A. Bates

Keyword(s):

Domestic Violence ◽

United Kingdom ◽

Large Scale ◽

Male Victims ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

Service Engagement ◽

Client Data ◽

Use Of Services ◽

Abused Men ◽

The Uk

Current understandings on service engagement by male victims of domestic violence and abuse (DVA) within the United Kingdom (UK) have generally been captured by qualitative research. As such, large-scale quantitative data detailing the profile, needs and outcomes of abused men, upon both presentation and use of services, is currently lacking. The present study analyzed the client data of 719 callers to a domestic abuse helpline for men in the UK. Findings showed that the overwhelming majority of callers reported they were abused by female perpetrators, most of whom were still their current partner, and that many of the men were fathers. Vulnerable populations (GBTQ+ and disabled men) were under-represented in the sample. Most men were seeking emotional support, along with a range of practical advice and signposting to other services. The confidentiality of the helpline was crucial for many men, and almost half had struggled to access the service (suggesting a severe lack of resourcing). Findings are discussed in relation to the need for gender-inclusive services, which cater for the unique challenges and barriers experienced by abused men.

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Marxism and Its Others

Marxist History-writing for the Twenty-first Century ◽

10.5871/bacad/9780197264034.003.0005 ◽

2007 ◽

Author(s):

Catherine Hall

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

British Government ◽

Race And Gender ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

Political Citizenship ◽

The Social ◽

New Vision ◽

And Gender ◽

The Many ◽

The Uk

This chapter is written from the perspective of a historian trying to comprehend the complexities of the nineteenth-century societies and to use those conceptual theories that would define the many layers of the social, cultural, and political world. In the absence of Marxism, there has been a tendency to lose interest in the large-scale changes and to resort to micro-histories. A return to Marx is therefore needed to understand how change occurs in the relation between key categories of difference. And while Marx may not have full answers to the questions on the logic of capital and class antagonisms, he nevertheless initiated questions on agency and change. The focus of the chapter is on the United Kingdom and its empire from 1828 to 1833. This was a period when political citizenship and forms of rule at home and across the empire were reassessed; when the forms of conservative aristocratic rule in Britain and the colonies were ruptured; and when the new vision of the nation and the empire was introduced. In all of the places ruled by the UK, emphasis is placed on Ireland, Britain, Jamaica, and India, including Westminster, which is the seat of the British government. Each of the cases is dealt with extensively, with stress on ethnicity, class, race, and gender. All of these cases are examined within the framework of Marxism, wherein the salience of the theory is measured on its capacity to address issues of differences.

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