Simple versus Complex Conduct Disorders: Identification and Phenomenology

1994 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 306-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Margaret Kerr ◽  
Steven R. Forness ◽  
Kenneth A. Kavale ◽  
Bryan H. King ◽  
Connie Kasari
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Special Education ◽  
Mental Health Services ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Disruptive Behavior ◽  
Mental Health Treatment ◽  
Conduct Disorders ◽  
Health Treatment ◽  
Versus Complex

Children with conduct disorders are among the most frequent referrals for psychiatric or other mental health treatment; yet the diagnosis of conduct disorders is also frequently seen as a reason to exclude children or youth from special education and related mental health services. This article highlights the possibility that associated with conduct disorders or its symptoms may be a variety of other psychiatric disorders requiring very different interventions. Extrapolation of symptoms from classroom inattention or disruptive behavior and estimated prevalence are discussed.

scholarly journals Perceived Need for Mental Health Treatment in a Nationally Representative Canadian Sample

2005 ◽  
Vol 50 (10) ◽  
pp. 643-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jitender Sareen ◽  
Brian J Cox ◽  
Tracie O Afifi ◽  
Ian Clara ◽  
Bo Nancy Yu
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Services ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Mental Health Treatment ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Social Supports ◽  
Health Treatment ◽  
Perceived Need ◽  
The Past ◽  
Dsm Iv

Objective: The optimal method of determining how many people in the general population need help for emotional problems remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the prevalence and correlates of self-perceived need for mental health services (that is, help seeking and perceived need) in a large, population-based sample. Methods: Data came from the Canadian Community Health Survey 1.2 ( n = 36 816, respondent age 15 years and over, and response rate 77%). Respondents were asked whether they had sought help in the past year from any professional for emotional problems and whether they felt they needed help for emotional symptoms but had not sought treatment. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) was used to make DSM-IV mental disorder diagnoses. Results: The past-year prevalences of help seeking and perceived need were 8.7% and 2.9%, respectively. After adjusting for the presence of DSM-IV disorders assessed in the survey, sociodemographic factors, illness severity, social supports, and the presence of physical health conditions were associated with help seeking and perceived need. Independent of DSM diagnoses, sociodemographics, and social supports, perceived need and help seeking were associated with increased levels of distress, disability, and suicidal ideation and attempts. Conclusions: This study illustrates that, in addition to the presence of a DSM diagnosis, the respondent's self-perceived need for mental health treatment is important in the assessment of need for mental health services in the community.

scholarly journals The Community Order and the Mental Health Treatment Requirement

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (17) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Linda Seymour ◽  
Max Rutherford ◽  
Husnara Khanom ◽  
Chiara Samele
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Services ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Mental Health Treatment ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Health Treatment ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Sharp Focus ◽  
Community Contexts

<p align="LEFT">Just a few months into 2008, a convergence of unfortunate circumstances has brought the plight of offenders with mental health problems into sharp focus. Figures released by the Ministry of Justice showed there were 92 apparently self-inflicted deaths among prisoners in England and Wales in 2007, compared with 67 in 2006. This 37% increase in suicides in prison has been associated with the overcrowding that has continued inexorably.</p><p align="LEFT">This article discusses the application of mental health services to offenders in the prison and the community contexts.</p>

scholarly journals An exploratory analysis of the association between moral injury and mental healthcare-seeking attitudes and behaviors in returning veterans of the Iraq and Afghanistan wars

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chad York Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Services ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Mental Health Treatment ◽  
Mental Healthcare ◽  
Moral Injury ◽  
Health Treatment ◽  
Healthcare Seeking ◽  
Attitudes And Behaviors ◽  
And Behaviors

Abstract Objectives: This study examines the degree to which veterans who have experienced more "moral injury" are less likely to seek the mental healthcare services they may urgently need. Methods: The sampling frame for this study included American veterans of the Iraq and/or Afghanistan wars aged 25-44. Participants were recruited into the study by posting a call for participants to social media platforms such as Facebook and LinkedIn. A web link was provided to direct them to an anonymous online survey. We then collected data assessing veterans' combat experiences, healthcare-seeking attitudes and behaviors, and various sociodemographic data. No identifying information was collected, and an Institutional Review Board exemption was granted under DHHS Regulatory Category II by the George Washington University's Office of Human Research Study. Results: The results from the Inventory of Attitudes toward Seeking Mental Health Services (IASMHS) clearly showed that moral injury was associated with more negative mental health services-seeking attitudes in all measurable areas. Those respondents scoring higher on the Moral Injury Events Scale (MIES) were presumably less likely to acknowledge their psychological problems, more likely to have fear of anticipated stigma from loved ones if they were to seek mental health treatment, and less willing and able to seek out mental health treatment when needed. Conclusions: It is probable that we will not be able to reach a significant number of veterans suffering from moral injury unless we dedicate further research in the area of developing effective techniques to recruit veterans suffering from moral injury into mental health treatment programs by taking their specific symptoms (independent of PTSD) into consideration.

scholarly journals Mental health treatment gap in adults of Russian, Somali, and Kurdish origin in Finland

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
K Cilenti ◽  
S Rask ◽  
H Kuusio ◽  
A Castaneda
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Services ◽  
General Population ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Mental Health Treatment ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Treatment Gap ◽  
Health Treatment ◽  
Perceived Need ◽  
Mental Health Treatment Gap

Abstract Background Migration affects migrating persons’ health in many levels. Populations of migrant origin, and in particular refugees, are known to have an increased risk of mental ill health. Previous research from Finland has shown that the prevalence of mental health symptoms is significantly higher among Russian origin women and Kurdish origin men and women than in the general population. Building on prior research, we explore the prevalence of perceived need for mental healthcare among Russian, Somali, and Kurdish origin populations and compare this to the general population in Finland. Additionally, we present prevalence of mental health treatment gap in these groups. Methods We used data from the Finnish Migrant Health and Wellbeing Study (n = 1404) and the Health 2011 Survey (n = 1459). Prevalence was calculated using predicted margins (95% confidence level). P-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. Mental health treatment gap was examined by constructing a combined variable of perceived need for mental health services and prevalence of service use. Results The perceived need for mental health services was higher in Kurdish origin persons (16%) and lower in Somali origin persons (&lt;1%) than in the general population (8%). Both Kurdish origin men (11%) and women (20%) expressed more need for mental health services than men (4%) and women (11%) in the general population. The mental health treatment gap was highest in Russian origin women (10%) and Kurdish origin women (10%) and men (8%). For the general population, the treatment gap was only 1% (men 2 %, women &lt;1%). Conclusions Untreated mental health problems are unjust, problematic and can be a source of great human suffering. Evidence from Finland shows that especially persons of Kurdish origin experience a mental health treatment gap. To expand coverage and reduce inequalities in health services, national development projects (e.g. PALOMA) have been launched to improve mental healthcare. Key messages Perceived need for mental health services is more common among certain foreign-born populations than the general population in Finland; this is in line with prior research on mental health symptoms. Untreated mental health problems are unjust, problematic and can be a source of great human suffering; evidence of mental health treatment gap should lead to improved access to mental health services.

scholarly journals Public Acceptability of E-Mental Health Treatment Services for Psychological Problems: A Scoping Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. e10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Apolinário-Hagen ◽  
Jessica Kemper ◽  
Carolina Stürmer
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Mental Health Services ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Mental Health Treatment ◽  
Health Treatment ◽  
Treatment Services ◽  
Public Acceptability ◽  
Mental Health Treatments

Background Over the past decades, the deficient provision of evidence-based interventions for the prevention and treatment of mental health problems has become a global challenge across health care systems. In view of the ongoing diffusion of new media and mobile technologies into everyday life, Web-delivered electronic mental health (e-mental health) treatment services have been suggested to expand the access to professional help. However, the large-scale dissemination and adoption of innovative e-mental health services is progressing slowly. This discrepancy between potential and actual impact in public health makes it essential to explore public acceptability of e-mental health treatment services across health care systems. Objective This scoping review aimed to identify and evaluate recent empirical evidence for public acceptability, service preferences, and attitudes toward e-mental health treatments. On the basis of both frameworks for technology adoption and previous research, we defined (1) perceived helpfulness and (2) intentions to use e-mental health treatment services as indicators for public acceptability in the respective general population of reviewed studies. This mapping should reduce heterogeneity and help derive implications for systematic reviews and public health strategies. Methods We systematically searched electronic databases (MEDLINE/PubMed, PsycINFO, Psyndex, PsycARTICLES, and Cochrane Library, using reference management software for parallel searches) to identify surveys published in English in peer-reviewed journals between January 2010 and December 2015, focusing on public perceptions about e-mental health treatments outside the context of clinical, psychosocial, or diagnostic interventions. Both indicators were obtained from previous review. Exclusion criteria further involved studies targeting specific groups or programs. Results The simultaneous database search identified 76 nonduplicate records. Four articles from Europe and Australia were included in this scoping review. Sample sizes ranged from 217 to 2411 participants of ages 14-95 years. All included studies used cross-sectional designs and self-developed measures for outcomes related to both defined indicators of public acceptability. Three surveys used observational study designs, whereas one study was conducted as an experiment investigating the impact of brief educational information on attitudes. Taken together, the findings of included surveys suggested that e-mental health treatment services were perceived as less helpful than traditional face-to-face interventions. Additionally, intentions to future use e-mental health treatments were overall smaller in comparison to face-to-face services. Professional support was essential for help-seeking intentions in case of psychological distress. Therapist-assisted e-mental health services were preferred over unguided programs. Unexpectedly, assumed associations between familiarity with Web-based self-help for health purposes or “e-awareness” and intentions to use e-mental health services were weak or inconsistent. Conclusions Considering the marginal amount and heterogeneity of pilot studies focusing on public acceptability of e-mental health treatments, further research using theory-led approaches and validated measures is required to understand psychological facilitator and barriers for the implementation of innovative services into health care.

scholarly journals Espiritismo and Santeria: a gateway to child mental health services among Puerto Rican families?

2022 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Carolina Zerrate ◽  
Sara B. VanBronkhorst ◽  
Jaimie Klotz ◽  
Angel A. Caraballo ◽  
Glorisa Canino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Mental Health Services ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Mental Health Care ◽  
Puerto Rican ◽  
Family Involvement ◽  
Mental Health Treatment ◽  
Mental Health Service Use ◽  
Health Treatment

Abstract Background Barriers to mental health care access among Latinx children contribute to mental health disparities. It is unclear whether traditional spiritual guides in Latinx communities may function more as gateway providers or in some instances as deterrents to mental health treatment. This study assesses whether family involvement in Espiritismo and/or Santeria, two forefront non-Christian spiritual traditions among Latinx families, is associated with mental health care utilization among Puerto Rican children in two contexts. Methods Data are from Waves 1–3 (2000–2004) of the Boricua Youth Study, a population-based longitudinal cohort study of Puerto Rican children from San Juan and Caguas, Puerto Rico (PR), and the South Bronx, New York (SBx), 5 to 17 years of age (N = 2491). Results At baseline, 5.02% (n = 58) of the families reported involvement with Espiritismo and/or Santeria in the SBx and 3.64% (n = 52) in PR. Logistic regression models predicting mental health service use found, after adjusting for multiple risk and protective factors, that families involved with Espiritismo and/or Santeria were 2.41 times more likely (p = 0.0034) to use mental health services over the course of 3 years than children with no family involvement in these practices in the SBx. The same association was not found in PR. Conclusions The findings among PR families in the SBx lend support to the gateway provider model in which spiritual guides open doors to mental health treatment. Forming community connections between mental health providers and traditional spiritual groups may be a culturally considerate, fruitful approach to reducing barriers to mental health treatment among Latinx families.

What gets in the way? Men’s perspectives of barriers to mental health services

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zac E Seidler ◽  
Simon M Rice ◽  
David Kealy ◽  
John L Oliffe ◽  
John S Ogrodniczuk
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Services ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Mental Health Treatment ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Health Treatment ◽  
Mental Health Concern ◽  
Ease Of Access

Background: This study describes barriers to accessing mental health services among men currently experiencing a mental health concern. Methods: Mental health help-seeking survey data from 778 male respondents who self-reported experiencing a mental health concern were analyzed. Results: Of these men, 65% ( n = 513) wanted treatment and 35% ( n = 265) did not want treatment. The most frequently endorsed barriers to mental health treatment were believing that a lot of people feel sad and down (80%; n = 620), not knowing what to look for in a psychotherapist (counselor; 80%; n = 618) and needing to solve one’s own problems (73%; n = 569). Compared with men who wanted help for their mental health concern, those men who did not want help were significantly more likely to be unsure if psychotherapy (counseling) really works or is effective, not tell their physician if they were feeling down or depressed and prefer to solve their own problems. Conclusions: The high endorsement of both structural (e.g., cost) and attitudinal (e.g., beliefs) barriers by respondents suggests that service delivery must adapt to better respond to dominant masculine ideals while also improving men’s ease of access into a transparent treatment process.

Adolescent Gender Differences in Residential Versus Outpatient Mental Health Treatment: A Meta-Analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomas Holtberg ◽  
Seth Olson ◽  
Kathleen Brown-Rice
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Mental Health Services ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Mental Health Treatment ◽  
Level Of Care ◽  
Health Treatment ◽  
Outpatient Mental Health ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Levels Of Care

Level-of-care decisions for adolescents in need of mental health services have been found to be inconsistent. This study sought to establish a research base for more objective and reliable level-of-care decisions related to gender differences in clinical characteristics of male and female patients aged 12–19 years receiving mental health treatment in a residential setting or outpatient mental health services. A meta-analytic approach was used to analyze 20 studies and 49 independent effect sizes across six constructs: internalizing, externalizing, psychosocial stressors, risk to self and others, total pathology, and substance use. The results indicated that male participants had higher levels of externalizing at the outpatient level, and female participants had higher levels of all remaining constructs at both levels of care. This indicated that female patients often presented to both levels of care with greater psychopathology.

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