A maze learning test for the assessment of memory with physically disabled patients

1987 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadina B Lincoln ◽  
Diana Staples
Keyword(s):  
Maze Learning ◽  
Physically Disabled ◽  
Disabled Patients ◽  
Learning Test

Sleep Deprivation Impairs Ca2+ Expression in the Hippocampus: Ionic Imaging Analysis for Cognitive Deficiency with TOF-SIMS

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hung-Ming Chang ◽  
Wen-Chieh Liao ◽  
Ji-Nan Sheu ◽  
Chun-Chao Chang ◽  
Chyn-Tair Lan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Neuronal Plasticity ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Maze Learning ◽  
Behavioral Testing ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Cognitive Deficiency ◽  
Learning Test ◽  
Oxide Synthase

AbstractSleep deprivation causes cognitive dysfunction in which impaired neuronal plasticity in hippocampus may underlie the molecular mechanisms of this deficiency. Considering calcium-mediated NMDA receptor subunit 1 (NMDAR1) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) activation plays an important role in the regulation of neuronal plasticity, the present study is aimed to determine whether total sleep deprivation (TSD) would impair calcium expression, together with injury of the neuronal plasticity in hippocampus. Adult rats subjected to TSD were processed for time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, NMDAR1 immunohistochemistry, nNOS biochemical assay, cytochrome oxidase histochemistry, and the Morris water maze learning test to detect ionic, neurochemical, bioenergetic as well as behavioral changes of neuronal plasticity, respectively. Results indicated that in normal rats, strong calcium signaling along with intense NMDAR1/nNOS expression were observed in hippocampal regions. Enhanced calcium imaging and neurochemical expressions corresponded well with strong bioenergetic activity and good performance of behavioral testing. However, following TSD, both calcium intensity and NMDAR1/nNOS expressions were significantly decreased. Behavioral testing also showed poor responses after TSD. As proper calcium expression is essential for maintaining hippocampal neuronal plasticity, impaired calcium expression would depress downstream NMDAR1-mediated nNOS activation, which might contribute to the initiation or development of TSD-related cognitive deficiency.

scholarly journals A Pilot Study of Assessing Cognition in Children with Sickle Cell Disease Using a New Software Package the Cogstate Battery

Blood ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 126 (23) ◽  
pp. 4592-4592
Author(s):  
Jessica Thompson ◽  
Catherine Mkandawire ◽  
Subarna Chakravorty ◽  
Michael Laffan
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Paired Associate ◽  
Maze Learning ◽  
Paired Associate Learning ◽  
Cell Disease ◽  
Test Report ◽  
Associate Learning ◽  
Delayed Recall ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Learning Test

Abstract Introduction 17% of children with sickle cell disease (SCD) between the ages of 6 and 16 could have silent infarcts1. Depending on the area of the brain affected silent infarcts can cause problems with attention, coordination, visual-motor speed and executive function. Children with SCD in the UK do not receive routine MRI scans. Subtle defects in cognition can be assessed with neuropsychometric testing which involves multiple tests assessing many areas of cognition. However, testing is limited to those with known neurological deficits due to lack of funding and shortage of specialist staff. There is a need for a robust screening tool for assessment of cognition, which could identify children for further specialist testing. The Cogstate battery is computer-based program that assesses cognition and has been used in several clinical settings, both adult and paediatric2-3. The Cogstate battery is reported to be culturally neutral and is available in several languages. Additionally the Cogstate battery is free from practice effects and so could be used as an annual assessment tool in order to identify any declines as early as possible. The Cogstate battery has not yet been used to assess cognition in children with SCD. Research Objectives The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of using the Cogstate Battery as a tool for the assessment of cognition in children with SCD. It was hypothesised that the Cogstate battery would be easy to use within this setting and would be acceptable to patients, parents and assessors. Methods Eight clinically well children, aged 10-17 with SCD were recruited through St Mary's Hospital paediatric haematology outpatient clinics. The Cogstate software was downloaded onto a Windows laptop computer and an anonymous profile was created for each child before testing. A battery of 6 tests (Table 1) was created aiming to assess a range of cognitive domains within a reasonable amount of time. Every child completed the battery of tests once, which included a short practice before each test. After testing each patient was asked to give an opinion of how they found the tests. Upon completion of the test the patients' results were uploaded to the Cogstate website which generated a test report and a case report form. A mark was given for each test and a score of over 90 represents normal cognition in the area tested, 81-90 represents mild impairment and below 81 represents impairment.Table 1.Tests used in the Cogstate battery and corresponding cognitive domains assessedTest NameCognitive Domain TestedContinuous paired associate learning (CPAL)Paired associate learningDetection (DET)Psychomotor functionGroton maze learning test (ME)Executive functionGroton maze learning test-delayed recall (ME)Delayed recallIdentification (IDN)AttentionOne card learning (OCL)LearningOne-back memory (ONBA)Working memory Results 8 patients completed the battery, taking on average 29 minutes (Table 2). The battery was easy to carry out and although some children reported it as boring, they all finished the tests without distress. The test report generated by the Cogstate website allowed results to be analysed quickly and with ease. An overall score from each test is clearly indicated. The Continuous Paired Associate Learning test was not displayed as part of the test report as there was insufficient normal data to draw conclusions from the results within the age group tested. Table 2. Summary Report of 8 patients tested PatientID DET(Psychomotor function) IDN(Attention) OCL(Learning) ONBS(Processing speed) ONBA(Working memory) ME(Executive function & delayed recall) 0001 87 75 82 78 83 99 0002 106 105 94 90 117 99 0003 96 101 95 95 117 98 0004 76 76 94 81 94 93 0005 86 84 98 81 89 89 0006 98 104 97 97 94 111 0007 94 90 91 83 101 86 0008 91 88 108 90 96 95 Conclusion The Cogstate battery is a feasible tool for paediatric SCD patients and can be undertaken in a clinic setting. This feasibility study will help design a prospective, comparative study of cognition in children with SCD using the Cogstate battery and conventional neuropsychometric assessment and once validated, would be a useful tool to assess cognition and institute timely educational and medical intervention. References: 1. Pegelow J Pediatr. 2002 Mar;140(3):348-54. 2. Hammers, Am J Alzheimers Dis. 2011 Jun;26(4):326-33 3. Harel PLoS One. 2014 Jul 11;9(7):e101750 Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Behavioural assessments of physically disabled patients

1987 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 205-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Johnston ◽  
I. Bromley ◽  
M. Boothroyd-Brooks ◽  
W. Dobbs ◽  
A. Ilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physically Disabled ◽  
Disabled Patients

scholarly journals The health care needs of the physically disabled patient in a home-based care environment: Implications for the training of ancillary health care workers

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karien Jooste ◽  
Mary Chabeli ◽  
Monica Springe
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Health Care Needs ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Physically Disabled ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Disabled Patients ◽  
Home Based Care

According to existing literature, ancillary health care workers (AHCWs) often do not meet the health care needs of patients with physical disabilities (physically disabled patients) in a homebased environment, because of inadequate training programmes. The purpose of this research study was to explore the health care needs of physically disabled patients in long-term, home-based care in the northern suburbs of Johannesburg and, based on results, to offer recommendations for the training of AHCWs. Qualitative, exploratory, descriptive and contextual means were employed in data collection and analysis. The population consisted of eight physically disabled participants who employed an AHCW to assist them with their long-term home care. Purposive sampling was used with subsequent snowballing to identify further participants for the study. Individual interviews were conducted, where participants had to answer the questions (1)‘What are your health care needs?’ and(2) ‘How should these be met?’ Data saturation was ensured, after which Tesch’s method of data analysis was followed. Three categories of health care needs were identified (1) physical health care needs, (2) interpersonal relationship needs and (3) social needs, and 12 themes were derived from these categories. These categories of health care needs should be addressed in the training of AHCWs.From the themes, recommendations were described for the training of AHCWs on the health care needs of the home-based physically disabled patients. The AHCW should assist in the adaptation of the environment to the patient’s individual needs, and should use knowledge and critical thinking skills to ensure a patient-centred care setting.OpsommingVolgens die literatuur kan assistentgesondheidsorgwerkers (AGWs), as gevolg van ontoereikende opleiding, nie altyd aan die behoeftes van fisies gestremde pasiënte in 'n tuisopset voldoen nie.Die doel van hierdie navorsingstudie was om die gesondheidsorgbehoeftes van langtermyn,tuisgebaseerde fisies gestremde pasiënte in die noordelike voorstede van Johannesburg te verken en te beskryf, en om hieruit aanbevelings vir die opleiding van AGWs voor te stel. Kwalitatiewe,verkennende, beskrywende en kontekstuele metodes is gebruik om die data in te samel en die analise te doen. Die studiepopulasie het uit agt fisies gestremde deelnemers bestaan wat 'n AGW aangestel het om hulle met hul langtermyntuisversorging by te staan. Doelbewuste steekproefneming met die daaropvolgendesneeubalmetode is gebruik om verdere deelnemers vir die studie te identifiseer.Individuele onderhoude is gevoer waartydens deelnemers die volgende vrae moes beantwoord (1)‘Wat is jou gesondheidsorgbehoeftes?’ en (2) ‘Hoe behoort hieraan voldoen te word?’ Datasaturasie is verseker, waarna Tesch se data-analisemetode gevolg is. Drie kategorieë van gesondheidsorgbehoeftes is geïdentifiseer (1) fisiese gesondheidsorgbehoeftes, (2) interpersoonlike verhoudingsbehoeftes en (3)sosiale behoeftes, en 12 temas is van hierdie kategorieë afgelei. Hierdie gesondheidsorgkategorieë behoort aandag tydens die opleiding van AGWs te kry. Aan die hand van die temas is aanbevelings gemaak vir die opleiding van AGWs in tuisgebaseerde sorg van fisies gestremde pasiënte. AGWs behoort ondersteuning te bied om die omgewing by die individuele behoeftes van die pasiënt aan te pas, en moet hul kennis en kritiese denkvaardighede kan toepas om ʼn pasiëntgesentreerde omgewing te verseker.

scholarly journals Értelmi sérültek fogászati állapotának felmérése

2021 ◽  
Vol 162 (42) ◽  
pp. 1698-1702
Author(s):  
Ilona Szmirnova ◽  
György Szmirnov ◽  
Fanni Rencz ◽  
Ákos Szabó ◽  
Bálint Trimmel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Mean Deviation ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Physically Disabled ◽  
Mentally Disabled ◽  
The Disabled ◽  
Dental Rehabilitation ◽  
Disabled Patients ◽  
The Mean

Összefoglaló. Bevezetés: Magyarországon 100 000 olyan értelmi sérült él, akik speciális ellátásra szorulnak. Előzőleg beszámoltunk az akut fogászati ellátás eredményeiről és problémáiról. Ahhoz azonban, hogy a teljes fogászati rehabilitáció felé lépéseket lehessen tenni, ismerni kell az ilyen betegek fogászati állapotát. Célkitűzés: Statisztikailag releváns, nagyobb beteganyagon felmérni az értelmi sérült betegek fogászati állapotát, összehasonlítva mind az orvosi rehabilitációs kezelésben részesülő betegek (főleg testi fogyatékosok), mind az általános populáció adataival. Módszer: A fogászati állapot felmérésére két betegcsoport állt rendelkezésünkre. Összesen 325 beteg statusát rögzítettük. A vizsgáltakat 3 csoportba osztottuk: enyhe (36), közepes (247) és súlyos (42) értelmi sérültek. Az értelmi sérült betegek fogászati állapotát DMF-T-indexszel mértük, és összehasonlítottuk az orvosi rehabilitációs kezelésben részesülő betegek és az általános populáció adataival is. Eredmények: A 325 szellemi sérült össz-DMF-T-indexének átlaga ± szórás: 11,04 ± 7,35; a carieses fogak számának átlaga: D = 3,66 ± 4,61; a hiányzó fogak számának átlaga: M = 5,22 ± 5,74. A fogmegtartó kezelés minimális volt: átlag F = 2,16 ± 3,12. Azoknak az értelmi sérülteknek, akik intézetben élnek, rosszabb a fogazati állapotuk, mint azoknak, akik családban vannak. Következtetések: Az eredményekből látszik, hogy az értelmi sérültek fogai elhanyagoltabbak, mint a normálpopuláció esetében. A DMF-T-index önmagában nem tükrözi ezeket a magállapításokat, csak akkor, ha szétbontva vizsgáljuk az adatokat. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(42): 1698–1702. Summary. Introduction: There are 100,000 mentally disabled individuals in Hungary requiring special care. Previously, we reported the results and problems of acute dental care. However, in order to take the appropriate measures toward holistic dental rehabilitation, clarity regarding the condition of those mentally disabled individuals is necessary. Objective: To measure the dental health of mentally disabled individuals based on a large sample of patients, to compare the results with both differently-abled (i.e., primarily physically disabled) individuals and the general population. Methods: There were two available patient cohorts for the measurement of dental health. With the two cohorts combined, we recorded data about 325 patients. We split the patients into three groups: mild (36), medium (247), and severe (42) mental disability. We used DMF-T index to measure dental health status, and compared the results with those of physically disabled and the general population. Results: The mean ± deviation of DMF-T index of the disabled patients was 11.04 ± 7.35; the mean of decayed teeth: D = 3.66 ± 4.61; the missing teeth: M = 5.22 ± 5.74; the filled teeth: F = 2.16 ± 3.12. Mentally disabled patients living in institutions showed worse dental health than those living with families. Conclusions: The results show that the teeth of mentally disabled patients are more neglected than those of the general population. The DMF-T index does not mirror these conclusions unless we examine each data set separately. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(42): 1698–1702.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document