scholarly journals Profile of repeat victimisation within multi-agency referrals

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 332-343
Author(s):  
Sarah Shorrock ◽  
Michelle A McManus ◽  
Stuart Kirby
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Joint Decision ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Repeat Victimisation ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Vulnerable People ◽  
Available Resources

To help reduce victimisation, safeguarding practices in England and Wales are becoming more multi-agency, with Multi-Agency Safeguarding Hubs (MASH) being a contemporary example of such an approach. MASH aims to reduce victimisation by identifying and managing vulnerability at the earliest opportunity. This is achieved through the co-location of safeguarding agencies, joint decision making and the co-ordination of interventions. Previous research has indicated that the demand placed upon MASH often outweighs available resources, questioning the extent to which MASH effectively safeguards vulnerable people at the earliest opportunity. Whilst existing literature has focused upon the characteristics of MASH referrals, alongside referral processes, rates of repeat referrals have been overlooked. This paper aims to bridge this gap by exploring the number of repeat referrals made over a two-month period to a MASH location in the north-west of England ( n = 2,134). By investigating repeat referrals, reasons why some individuals are susceptible to being victimised on multiple occasions are identified. The paper concludes that whilst MASH has taken a step towards identifying and managing victimisation, practices and processes need to be reviewed if MASH is to proactively prevent repeat victimisation.

scholarly journals The changing epidemiology of cryptosporidiosis in North West England

2005 ◽  
Vol 133 (5) ◽  
pp. 785-793 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. SOPWITH ◽  
K. OSBORN ◽  
R. CHALMERS ◽  
M. REGAN
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Working Relationships ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Genotype 2

Between 1996 and 2000, rates of cryptosporidiosis in North West England were significantly higher than overall in England and Wales, particularly during the first half of each year. In addition, during the second quarter of each year in this period, up to 40% of all cases recorded in England and Wales were from the North West Region. In 2001, cryptosporidiosis dramatically decreased throughout the United Kingdom and the springtime excess of cases formerly seen in the North West was no longer apparent. This changed epidemiology was due to a decline in cases of Cryptosporidium parvum (formerly genotype 2), associated with zoonotic transmission. Although the initial loss of a spring peak of infection corresponded with the outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease throughout the United Kingdom, its continued absence relates to major structural changes in the North West public water supply. This study highlights the far-reaching public health benefit of local working relationships in addressing re-occurring disease issues.

III.—The Pre-Cambrian Rocks of Wales

1893 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 396-401
Author(s):  
Henry Hicks
Keyword(s):  
Recent Article ◽  
British Isles ◽  
The West ◽  
British Geological Survey ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
North West ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
Lithological Character

In a recent article on the Pre-Cambrian Rocks of the British Isles in the Journal of Geology, vol. i., No. 1, Sir Archibald Geikie makes the following statement: “There cannot, I think, be now any doubt that small tracts of gneiss, quite comparable in lithological character to portions of the Lewisian rocks of the North-West of Scotland, rise to the surface in a few places in England and Wales. In the heart of Anglesey, for example, a tract of such rocks presents some striking external or scenic resemblance to the characteristic types of ground where the oldest gneiss forms the surface in Scotland and the West of Ireland.” To those who have followed the controversy which has been going on for nearly thirty years between the chiefs of the British Geological Survey and some geologists who have been working amongst the rocks in Wales, the importance of the above admission will be readily apparent; but as it is possible that some may be unable to realize what such an admission means in showing geological progress in unravelling the history of the older rocks in Wales during the past thirty years, a brief summary of the results obtained may possibly be considered useful.

scholarly journals Liverpool English

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Watson
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Irish Potato ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Phonological System

Liverpool English (LE) is the variety of English spoken in Liverpool and much of the surrounding county of Merseyside, in the north-west of England. After London, the north-west of England is the most densely populated of all regions in England and Wales, with the population of Liverpool standing at around 450,000. LE itself is said to have developed in the middle of the 19th century, after rapid immigration from Ireland during the Irish potato famines of 1845–1847 (see Knowles 1973). Arguably as a result of this immigration, as we will see, there are some similarities between LE's phonological system and those of Irish Englishes. Of course, as we might expect, the phonological system of LE maintains its connection with other northern Englishes, too.

scholarly journals A contribution to the biology of Ianthina janthina (L.)

1956 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas P. Wilson ◽  
M. Alison Wilson
Keyword(s):  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
South West ◽  
Westerly Winds ◽  
High Winds

The summer of 1954 will long be remembered for lack of sunshine, excess rain and frequent high winds over England and Wales. In the south-west of the region the winds from June onwards until the end of the year were predominantly westerly, often reaching gale force, and the total run of the winds was often above average. During the last week of July there were persistent westerly winds from well out in the Atlantic, often strong and reaching gale force at times, particularly on the 27th and 28th. During the last 4 days the winds were generally from the north-west at Scilly and in southern Ireland. They were variable in strength and direction early during the first week in August, but occasionally blew freshly from the south-west. On the 7th it was often blowing strongly from the west, a gust of 50 knots being recorded at Scilly. It was during this first week in August that the first few specimens of Ianthina janthina (Linnaeus) came ashore, heralding the most extensive strandings of this species on British shores for very many years.

scholarly journals Preventable deaths from SARS-CoV-2 in England and Wales: a systematic case series of coroners’ reports during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. bmjebm-2021-111834
Author(s):  
Bethan Swift ◽  
Carl Heneghan ◽  
Jeffrey Aronson ◽  
David Howard ◽  
Georgia C Richards
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Variation ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
North West ◽  
Link Type ◽  
The North ◽  
Web Scraping ◽  
The Government ◽  
Source Of Information

ObjectivesTo examine coroners’ Prevention of Future Deaths (PFDs) reports to identify deaths involving SARS-CoV-2 that coroners deemed preventable.DesignConsecutive case series.SettingEngland and Wales.ParticipantsPatients reported in 510 PFDs dated between 01 January 2020 and 28 June 2021, collected from the UK’s Courts and Tribunals Judiciary website using web scraping to create an openly available database: https://preventabledeathstrackernet/.Main outcome measuresConcerns reported by coroners.ResultsSARS-CoV-2 was involved in 23 deaths reported by coroners in PFDs. Twelve deaths were indirectly related to the COVID-19 pandemic, defined as those that were not medically caused by SARS-CoV-2, but were associated with mitigation measures. In 11 cases, the coroner explicitly reported that COVID-19 had directly caused death. There was geographical variation in the reporting of PFDs; most (39%) were written by coroners in the North West of England. The coroners raised 56 concerns, problems in communication being the most common (30%), followed by failure to follow protocols (23%). Organisations in the National Health Service were sent the most PFDs (51%), followed by the government (26%), but responses to PFDs by these organisations were poor.ConclusionsPFDs contain a rich source of information on preventable deaths that has previously been difficult to examine systematically. Our openly available tool (https://preventabledeathstracker.net/) streamlines this process and has identified many concerns raised by coroners that should be addressed during the government’s inquiry into the handling of the COVID-19 pandemic, so that mistakes made are less likely to be repeated.Study protocol preregistrationhttps://osf.io/bfypc/.

Megalithic Art in the North-west of Britain: The Calderstones, Liverpool

1958 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 20-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Forde-Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Mural Art ◽  
Notable Addition

The recent discovery of decorated stones in the cruciform Passage Grave of Barclodiad y Gawres, in Anglesey, has made a notable addition to the volume of megalithic mural art known in Britain. The examples of such art described in the present paper increase the number still further. In his discussion of the chamber tombs of England and Wales, Daniel mentions the Calderstones as a possible former burial chamber. At that time (1950), the six Calderstones were arranged in a circle and stood in a small enclosure outside the Menlove Avenue entrance to Calderstones Park, Liverpool (fig. 1). This arrangement was, however, comparatively recent; the original monument was destroyed early in the nineteenth century. The markings were first published in 1864. In 1883, J. R. Allen made measured drawings of the stones, showing the disposition of all the markings known at the time. The same drawings were used by Stewart-Brown in 1911. Allen's drawings recorded only those portions of the stones above ground; examination of the areas then below ground level has revealed a number of new markings.

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