Reduced risk for hospitalization due to hyponatraemia in lithium treated patients: A Swedish population-based case–control study

Background: Many drugs used in psychiatry have been reported to cause hyponatraemia. However, lithium may be an exception due to its potential for causing nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, but clinical data are largely absent. The objective of this investigation was to study the association between lithium therapy and hospitalization due to hyponatraemia. Methods: This study was a register-based case–control investigation of the general Swedish population. Patients hospitalized with a principal diagnosis of hyponatraemia ( n=11,213) were compared with matched controls ( n=44,801). Analyses using multivariable logistic regression adjusting for co-medication, diseases, previous hospitalizations and socioeconomic factors were deployed to calculate the association between severe hyponatraemia and the use of lithium. Additionally, newly initiated (⩽90 days) and ongoing lithium therapy was studied separately. Results: Compared with controls, the unadjusted odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval (CI)) for hospitalization due to hyponatraemia was 1.07 (0.70–1.59) for lithium. However, after adjustment for confounding factors the risk was reduced (adjusted OR: 0.53 (0.31–0.87)). Newly initiated lithium therapy was not significantly associated with hyponatraemia (adjusted OR 0.73 (0.35–5.38)). In contrast, for ongoing therapy the corresponding adjusted OR was significantly reduced (adjusted OR: 0.52 (0.30–0.87)). Conclusions: A marked inverse association was found between ongoing lithium therapy and hospitalization due to hyponatraemia.

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Correction to: Inverse association between glucose-lowering medications and severe hyponatremia: a Swedish population-based case-control study

Endocrine ◽

10.1007/s12020-020-02542-8 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Henrik Falhammar ◽

Jakob Skov ◽

Jan Calissendorff ◽

Jonatan D. Lindh ◽

Buster Mannheimer

Keyword(s):

Case Control Study ◽

Population Based ◽

Case Control ◽

Inverse Association ◽

Severe Hyponatremia ◽

Swedish Population ◽

Glucose Lowering ◽

Control Study

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Association between lipid-lowering agents and severe hyponatremia: a population-based case–control study

European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology ◽

10.1007/s00228-020-03006-8 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jakob Skov ◽

Henrik Falhammar ◽

Jan Calissendorff ◽

Jonatan D Lindh ◽

Buster Mannheimer

Keyword(s):

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Lipid Lowering ◽

Main Diagnosis ◽

Inverse Association ◽

Severe Hyponatremia ◽

Swedish Population ◽

Lipid Lowering Drugs ◽

Lipid Lowering Agents ◽

Control Study

Abstract Purpose Drug-induced hyponatremia is common, with medications from many drug-classes implicated. Lipid-lowering agents are among the most prescribed drugs. Limited evidence suggests an inverse association between statins and hyponatremia, while data on other lipid-lowering agents is absent. The objective of this investigation was to study the association between lipid-lowering drugs and hospitalization due to hyponatremia. Methods This was a register-based case–control study of the general Swedish population. Those hospitalized with a main diagnosis of hyponatremia (n = 11,213) were compared with matched controls (n = 44,801). Multivariable logistic regression adjusting for co-medication, diseases, previous hospitalizations, and socioeconomic factors was used to explore the association between severe hyponatremia and the use of lipid-lowering drugs. Results Unadjusted ORs (95% CI) for hospitalization due to hyponatremia were 1.28 (1.22–1.35) for statins, 1.09 (0.79–1.47) for ezetimibe, 1.38 (0.88–2.12) for fibrates, and 2.12 (1.31–3.35) for resins. After adjustment for confounding factors the adjusted odds ratios (95% CI) compared with controls were 0.69 (0.64–0.74) for statins, 0.60 (0.41–0.86) for ezetimibe, 0.87 (0.51–1.42) for fibrates, and 1.21 (0.69–2.06) for resins. Conclusions Use of statins and ezetimibe was inversely correlated with severe hyponatremia. Consequently, these drugs are unlikely culprits in patients with hyponatremia, and they appear safe to initiate in hyponatremic patients. A potential protective effect warrants further studies on how statins and other lipid-lowering drugs are linked to dysnatremias.

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Smoking and the Risk of LADA: Results From a Swedish Population-Based Case-Control Study

Diabetes Care ◽

10.2337/dc15-2348 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 39 (5) ◽

pp. 794-800 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Bahareh Rasouli ◽

Tomas Andersson ◽

Per-Ola Carlsson ◽

Valdemar Grill ◽

Leif Groop ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Case Control Study ◽

Population Based ◽

Case Control ◽

Swedish Population ◽

Control Study

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Injurious falls and subsequent adverse drug events among elderly - a Swedish population-based matched case-control study

BMC Geriatrics ◽

10.1186/s12877-017-0594-1 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

C. Rausch ◽

L. Laflamme ◽

S. E. de Rooij ◽

U. Bültmann ◽

J Möller

Keyword(s):

Adverse Drug Events ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Population Based ◽

Case Control ◽

Swedish Population ◽

Injurious Falls ◽

Matched Case ◽

Matched Case Control Study ◽

Control Study

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Prevalence of Periodontitis in Patients with Established Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Swedish Population Based Case-Control Study

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0155956 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. e0155956 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Kaja Eriksson ◽

Lena Nise ◽

Anna Kats ◽

Elin Luttropp ◽

Anca Irinel Catrina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Population Based ◽

Case Control ◽

Established Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Swedish Population ◽

Control Study

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Clinical and Lifestyle Factors and Risk of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Population-Based Case-Control Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17030857 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 857 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Tommaso Filippini ◽

Maria Fiore ◽

Marina Tesauro ◽

Carlotta Malagoli ◽

Michela Consonni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Southern Italy ◽

Population Based ◽

Case Control ◽

Lifestyle Factors ◽

Inverse Association ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Control Study ◽

Lateral Sclerosis

Background: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive, fatal neurodegenerative disease of the motor neurons. The etiology of ALS remains largely unknown, particularly with reference to the potential environmental determinants. Methods: We performed a population-based case-control study in four provinces from both Northern and Southern Italy in order to assess non-genetic ALS risk factors by collecting through tailored questionnaires information about clinical and lifestyle factors. We estimated ALS risk by calculating odds ratio (OR) with its 95% confidence interval (CI) using unconditional logistic regression models adjusted for sex, age and educational attainment. Results: We recruited 230 participants (95 cases and 135 controls). We found a possible positive association of ALS risk with trauma, particularly head trauma (OR = 2.61, 95% CI 1.19–5.72), electric shock (OR = 2.09, 95% CI 0.62–7.06), and some sports, although at a competitive level only. In addition, our results suggest an increased risk for subjects reporting use of private wells for drinking water (OR = 1.38, 95% CI 0.73–2.27) and for use of herbicides during gardening (OR = 1.95, 95% CI 0.88–2.27). Conversely, there was a suggestion of an inverse association with overall fish consumption (OR = 0.27, 95% CI 0.12–0.60), but with no dose-response relation. Consumption of some dietary supplements, namely those containing amino acids and, in the Southern Italy population, vitamins and minerals such as selenium, seemed associated with a statistically imprecise increased risk. Conclusions: Our results suggest a potential etiologic role a number of clinical and lifestyle factors with ALS risk. However, caution is needed due to some study limitations. These include the small sample size and the low number of exposed subjects, which affect statistical precision of risk estimates, the potential for exposure misclassification, and the uncertainties about mechanisms underpinning the possible association between these factors and disease risk.

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