The Mechanism of Action of a Normophasic Oral Contraceptive ‘Fysioquens'

1977 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
F Franchi ◽  
M Luisi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Oral Contraceptive ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Liver Function Tests ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Menstrual Cycles ◽  
Function Tests ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Blood Pressures

Six women with normal menstrual cycles were treated over six cycles with Fysioquens, a normophasic contraceptive consisting of 7 tablets of ethinyloestradiol (EE) 0·050 mg and 15 tablets containing 1·0 mg lynestrenol +0·050 mg EE. In the 1st, 3rd and 6th treatment cycles and in the cycles before and after treatment, hormonal assays and other tests were carried out to determine whether ovulation had occurred. No treatment cycles showed any signs of ovulation, but it did occur in the pre- and post-treatment cycles. Blood pressures and liver function tests remained normal, but two of the six volunteers showed a slight increase in body-weight.

scholarly journals Vegan Diet Advice Might Benefit Liver Enzymes in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: an Open Observational Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Chiarioni ◽  
Stefan Lucian Popa ◽  
Andrea Dalbeni ◽  
Carlo Senore ◽  
Daniel Corneliu Leucuta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Liver Function Tests ◽  
Vegan Diet ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Function Tests

Background and Aims: The Western diet is rich in saturated fats, refined sugars and meat consistent with a high-energy load and secondary risk of increased metabolic diseases including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, no data are available on potential benefit of vegan diets in NAFLD and/or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). We aimed to study prospectively the effect of a vegan diet, excluding all animal products on liver chemistry in a group of consecutive NAFLD patients. Methods: This was a prospective, pilot study run on 40 consecutive patients affected by NAFLD. Eight subjects refused to join the study for poor diet palatability, leaving 32 patients (19 males, mean age 50 years), with abnormal measures of liver function who agreed to adhere to a vegan diet for six months. The caloric intake was tailored by the dietitian to obtain a weight loss ≥5% of body weight in overweight patients [body-mass index (BMI) ≥25] and ranged from 1500 Kcal to 1800 Kcal. Patients were contacted monthly by phone to reinforce diet and lifestyle advice and were seen at the gastrointestinal clinic when doubtful about diet advice. Results: At six-month follow-up, 6 subjects did not attend the clinic leaving only 26 patients for data analysis. Initial anthropometric values were mean weight 78 kg (range 52-95), mean body mass index (BMI) 26.8 Kg/m2 (range 20.3-31.2). Liver function tests showed mean ALT value 99 U/L (SD±45), mean AST value 54 U/L (SD±44), mean GGT value 160 U/L (SD±122), pre-treatment. After six months mean body weight was 73 Kg (range 52-87), mean BMI was 25.2 Kg/m2 (range 20.3-29.7) (p<0.001 compared to baseline for both parameters). Liver enzymes improved to a mean of ALT value 36 U/L (SD±21), AST value 27 U/L (SD±10) and GGT value 55 U/L (SD±57), respectively (p<0.001 compared to baseline for all enzymes). Normalization of liver function tests as a whole was observed in 20/26 patients (76.9%). A loss of ≥ 5% of body weight was observed in 12 patients (46.1%), but it did not correlate with the normalization of liver function tests (p=0.5). Conclusions: Our data provide preliminary evidence of improved liver enzymes in NAFLD patients with a strict vegan diet and although our study sample is limited, decreased body weight did not seem critical to the outcome.

scholarly journals Effect of Ramadan Fasting on Body Composition, Biochemical Profile, and Antioxidant Status in a Sample of Healthy Individuals

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asna Urooj ◽  
Namratha Pai Kotebagilu ◽  
Lohith Mysuru Shivanna ◽  
Satish Anandan ◽  
Akshatha Nagaraja Thantry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Liver Function Tests ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Ramadan Fasting ◽  
Random Blood Sugar ◽  
Function Tests ◽  
Function Test

Background: Muslims fast during the month of Ramadan by abstinence from food and drink every day from dawn to sunset. Studies have reported contradictory results with respect to the changes in body weight and biochemical parameters. No study has been conducted on the association between fasting and body weight and biochemical parameters in the Indian setting on healthy Muslim subjects. Objectives: To assess the effect of fasting during Ramadan on biochemical parameters such as lipid profile, liver function test, renal function test, antioxidant status, random blood sugar, hemoglobin, body composition, and blood pressure in a sample of healthy individuals. Methods: In this study, 52 healthy free-living participants (25 males, 27 females, 21-64 years) who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and completed both follow-ups (before and after Ramadan) were studied. Participants were fasting 12 hours a day for at least 21 days, including menstruating women. It was a free-living study with no dietary restrictions. Anthropometry, lipid profile, liver and renal function tests were measured by standard methods. Body composition was analyzed by bioelectrical impedance. Results: Significant beneficial changes in albumin, alanine aminotransferase, creatinine, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were observed, while total cholesterol, random blood sugar, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase enzymes remained unchanged after Ramadan. Fasting did bring in some changes in body composition; among both men and women, mean weight loss ranged from 0.81 - 1.4 kg in majority of the subjects, which was due to loss in muscle mass. Moderate changes in intra- and extracellular water content was observed after fasting. Conclusions: Significant improvements were observed in HDL levels and liver function tests, which can be attributed to the loss of body weight. Improvement in liver function tests may be related to the changes in cytokines and alteration in sleep patterns. Ramadan-like fasting, along with the nutritional education prior to fasting, may be beneficial and effective in the spiritual and overall well-being.

scholarly journals Liver Function Tests in Patients of Acute Leukemia before and after Induction Chemotherapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 08 (02) ◽  
pp. 110-121
Author(s):  
Tahmidul Islam ◽  
A. K. M. Shahidur Rahman ◽  
Md. Kamrul Hasan ◽  
Ferdous Jahan ◽  
Manik Chandra Mondal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Function ◽  
Acute Leukemia ◽  
Induction Chemotherapy ◽  
Liver Function Tests ◽  
Function Tests ◽  
Before And After

scholarly journals Physiologically based modeling of the effect of physiological and anthropometric variability on indocyanine green based liver function tests

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Köller ◽  
Jan Grzegorzewski ◽  
Matthias König
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Indocyanine Green ◽  
Hepatic Blood Flow ◽  
Liver Function Tests ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Hepatic Elimination ◽  
Function Tests ◽  
Physiologically Based

Accurate evaluation of liver function is a central task in hepatology. Dynamic liver function tests (DLFT) based on the time-dependent elimination of a test substance provide an important tool for such a functional assessment. These tests are used in the diagnosis and monitoring of liver disease as well as in the planning of hepatobiliary surgery. A key challenge in the evaluation of liver function with DLFTs is the large inter-individual variability. Indocyanine green (ICG) is a widely applied test compound used for the evaluation of liver function. After an intravenous administration, pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters are calculated from the plasma disappearance curve of ICG which provide an estimate of liver function. The hepatic elimination of ICG is affected by physiological factors such as hepatic blood flow or binding of ICG to plasma proteins, anthropometric factors such as body weight, age, and sex, or the protein amount of the organic anion-transporting polypeptide 1B3 (OATP1B3) mediating the hepatic uptake of ICG. Being able to account for and better understand these various sources of inter-individual variability would allow to improve the power of ICG based DLFTs and move towards an individualized evaluation of liver function. Within this work we systematically analyzed the effect of various factors on ICG elimination by the means of computational modeling. For the analysis, a recently developed and validated physiologically based pharmacokinetics (PBPK) model of ICG distribution and hepatic elimination was utilized. Key results are (i) a systematic analysis of the variability in ICG elimination due to hepatic blood flow, cardiac output, OATP1B3 abundance, liver volume, body weight and plasma bilirubin level; (ii) the evaluation of the inter-individual variability in ICG elimination via a large in silico cohort of n=100000 subjects based on the NHANES cohort with special focus on stratification by age, sex, and body weight; (iii) the evaluation of the effect of various degrees of cirrhosis on variability in ICG elimination. The presented results are an important step towards individualizing liver function tests by elucidating the effects of confounding physiological and anthropometric parameters in the evaluation of liver function via ICG.

scholarly journals Physiologically Based Modeling of the Effect of Physiological and Anthropometric Variability on Indocyanine Green Based Liver Function Tests

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Köller ◽  
Jan Grzegorzewski ◽  
Matthias König
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Indocyanine Green ◽  
Hepatic Blood Flow ◽  
Liver Function Tests ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Hepatic Elimination ◽  
Function Tests ◽  
Physiologically Based

Accurate evaluation of liver function is a central task in hepatology. Dynamic liver function tests (DLFT) based on the time-dependent elimination of a test substance provide an important tool for such a functional assessment. These tests are used in the diagnosis and monitoring of liver disease as well as in the planning of hepatobiliary surgery. A key challenge in the evaluation of liver function with DLFTs is the large inter-individual variability. Indocyanine green (ICG) is a widely applied test compound used for the evaluation of liver function. After an intravenous administration, pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters are calculated from the plasma disappearance curve of ICG which provide an estimate of liver function. The hepatic elimination of ICG is affected by physiological factors such as hepatic blood flow or binding of ICG to plasma proteins, anthropometric factors such as body weight, age, and sex, or the protein amount of the organic anion-transporting polypeptide 1B3 (OATP1B3) mediating the hepatic uptake of ICG. Being able to account for and better understand these various sources of inter-individual variability would allow to improve the power of ICG based DLFTs and move toward an individualized evaluation of liver function. Within this work we systematically analyzed the effect of various factors on ICG elimination by the means of computational modeling. For the analysis, a recently developed and validated physiologically based pharmacokinetics (PBPK) model of ICG distribution and hepatic elimination was utilized. Key results are (i) a systematic analysis of the variability in ICG elimination due to hepatic blood flow, cardiac output, OATP1B3 abundance, liver volume, body weight and plasma bilirubin level; (ii) the evaluation of the inter-individual variability in ICG elimination via a large in silico cohort of n = 100,000 subjects based on the NHANES cohort with special focus on stratification by age, sex, and body weight; (iii) the evaluation of the effect of various degrees of cirrhosis on variability in ICG elimination. The presented results are an important step toward individualizing liver function tests by elucidating the effects of confounding physiological and anthropometric parameters in the evaluation of liver function via ICG.

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