Diagnosis and detection of VicK gene in Streptococcus mutans isolated from the saliva of patients with diabetic type 2 with tooth decay in the Iraqi population

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is gradually becoming more common in Iraq. Salivary changes and proliferation of specific bacterial communities cause oral disease that can adversely affect systemic conditions such as diabetes. Fifty saliva samples were collected from people with T2DM suffering from tooth decay and twenty-five people without T2DM suffering from tooth decay. The periodontal status, the extent of the root surface, and coronal caries were evaluated. Saliva was cultured for investigating Streptococcus mutans. The results showed that patients with type 2 diabetes had significantly more severe Periodontitis and a higher prevalence and magnitude of bacterial caries. Diabetic subjects had higher levels of Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and Random Blood Sugar (R.B.S.). The S. mutans diagnosis by PCR for Sanger Sequencing technique by using VicK gene sequences (1300bp). The PCR products of the isolate were submitted to Macrogen Company for sequencing. Selected seven isolates as new isolates registered in global gene bank as locally S. Mutans isolates in Bagdad city/Iraq and their accepted accession numbers include LOCUS MT603520, MT603521, MT603522, MT603523, MT603524, MT603525,and MT603526 of nucleotide sequence. The VicK genes isolates' phylogenetic trees revealed a genotype that was closely connected to other isolates in GenBank. Furthermore, gene sequencing demonstrated a success rate of 99 percent. resemblance to other isolates in the GenBank database The likelihood of a link between S. Mutans and dental carries was determined by these findings.

Comparative Evaluation of BGR-34 and Sitagliptin in Diabetic Subjects-Open Labelled Randomised Parallel Clinical Study

This article is mainly concerned with the simultaneous open model clinical study of the drug named sitagliptin, a potent hyperglycaemic drug against a novel entity of the natural origin BGR- 34 in diabetic subjects. This was a 3-month randomized, parallel, comparative study. One hundred subjects were planned to be included in the study. The patients were randomly divided into two groups and according to the appropriate sample size analysis, both groups consisted of 100 patients, following the inclusion and exclusion criteria. A total of 90 patients (both male and female) of the mean patient age 30-65 years with the type 2 diabetes were enrolled in the phase 4 of this study and then the data were analyzed on the basis of the different test which included HbA1c (glycated haemoglobin), RBS (random blood sugar), FBS (fasting blood sugar) and PPG (postprandial glucose) values. After completion of the data calibration, the results were analyzed and as a result 10-20% decreased values of HBA1C values accompanied with the RBS, FBS and PPG values were seen in the patients undergoing a 12-week course with BGR-34. Based on the results obtained in the present study, it can be concluded that BGR-34 is effective in reducing high blood sugar levels and this reflects that the BGR-34 therapy is more effective drug in the treatment of diabetes suggesting that it is better in efficacy, and reliability with little or no adverse effects.

Comparison of Random Blood Sugar and pH of Blood- A Clinicopathological Study

Aim: This study aims to compare the random blood sugar pH of the blood. Introduction: Hyperglycemia is a risk factor for the impairment of periodontal health while periodontal disease, in turn, is responsible for the adverse effects on glycemic control and the pathophysiology of diabetes-related complications. An increase in blood sugar levels has a direct effect on pH with respect to age. Hence this study deals with the association of random blood sugar levels and pH with age, gender, and dental complaints. Materials and Methods: 20 random blood samples were collected from the patients in Saveetha Dental College. The random blood sugar level was analyzed by the semi-quantitative method and the pH was analyzed by using a multi reagent strip. And the results were statistically analyzed using SPSS software and represented as pie charts and bar graphs. Results and Discussion: The overall mean value of RBS and blood pH was found to be 138.4 mg/dl and 7.06 respectively. The mean RBS value is higher in the 41-50 years age group of people than in other age categories and the mean pH value is same for all age categories. In the present study, samples with periodontic complaints have higher mean value of RBS values (193) than other dental complaints and the mean pH value is same for all dental complaints. Conclusion: Within the limits of the study, it can be observed that there is a significant association between the age group, gender, and dental complaints with RBS and pH of the patients. However, further studies must be conducted to have more accurate results and elicit the association between pH and RBS with age and gender.

A Case of Mucinous Cystadenoma Carcinoma

Introduction: Mucinous Cystadenoma carcinoma is a type of tumor in the cyst adenocarcinoma grouping it can occur in the breast as well as the ovary. Tumors are normally multiocular with various smooth thin-walled cysts. Within the cyst is found an emergence or cellular debris. Patient History: The female patient 63-year-old who was admitted to AVBRH on the date 21/05/2021 in the obstetric and gynae ward with a chief complaint of generalized weakness, loss of appetite, fever for 2 days 7 days ago, 2-3 fever spikes and burning micturition. All over investigation observed like blood and urine investigation, CT scan of the abdomen, histopathology then the final diagnosis is confirmed as mucinous Cystadenoma carcinoma. Pharmacology: The patient was treated with antibacterial medicine, antibiotics, and diabetics, thyroxin stimulating drugs, etc. Management: Inj. Ceftriaxone 1gm 12 hourly, Inj.-piptaz 4.45 gm, 8 hourly, tab. Gimipride 0.5 mg with tab. Metformin 500 mg 12 hourly, tab. Thyrox 62.5 mcg, tab telmisartan 40 mg with tab. Chlorthalidone 12.512.5 mg 12 hourly, Inj.-pan 40 mg, 12 hourly, Inj.- Neomol 100 ml, and Tablet- nitrofurantoin 6 hourly. Nursing Management: Monitor the vital sign, monitor nutritional status and monitor random blood sugar. Maintained bed rest of patient, managed the pain level of the patient. The patient was assessed for risk of bleeding. Conclusion: The patient was admitted to the hospital with the chief complaint of generalized weakness, loss of appetite, fever for 2 days 7 days ago, 2-3 fever spikes and burning micturition. and the patient was admitted to AVBR Hospital in the obstetric and gynae ward, immediate treatment was started by a health team member and all possible treatments were given and now the patient's condition is satisfactory.

THE EFFECT OF NEBULIZED SALBUTAMOL ON SERUM POTASSIUM AND BLOOD SUGAR LEVEL OF ASTHMATIC PATIENTS

Background: To evaluate the effect of nebulized salbutamol used in the management of patients with asthma who have normal serum potassium and blood glucose levels. Methods: Hospital based prospective study conducted on 30 children mild exacerbation of asthma who needed two doses of 2.5 mg nebulized salbutamol, 10 minutes apart for the relief of their symptoms will be include. Results: The potassium mean was significantly decreased after 1 hour of nebulizer administration. The random blood sugar mean was significantly increased after 1 hour of nebulizer administration (p<0.001). Conclusions: The nebulizer applying salbutamol has a profound effect in lowering the Potassium level and increasing blood glucose level after 60 minutes of administration. Keywords: effect, nebulized, salbutamol, blood sugar, serum potassium

The Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome of Patients on Treatment with Haloperidol and Risperidone or Olanzapine

Background: The background of the work stems from the observation due to the prevalence of antipsychotic drugs in causing metabolic disorder. The metabolic disorder is one of the major concern of antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenic patients. The present study is mainly aimed to establish the role of haloperidol and risperidone or olanzapine in causing metabolic syndrome of schizophrenic patients. Methods: Sixty-four schizophrenic patients were divided into two groups. First and second group received haloperidol and risperidone or olanzapine respectively for three months. Body mass index, random blood sugar and lipid profile were investigated before and after the treatment. Results: Both groups of schizophrenic patients have shown a significant increase in the BMI, random blood sugar and lipid profile indicating a propensity to cause metabolic disorder. Conclusion: From the present study it is concluded that there is a high prevalence of metabolic disorder those who received antipsychotic drugs like haloperidol and risperidone or olanzapine.

KNOWLEDGE OF HEALTH FUNCTIONARIES REGARDING NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASES: FINDINGS OF A STUDY FROM NORTH INDIA

National Programme for prevention and control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular diseases and stroke (NPCDCS) envisaged prevention of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) through behavioural change. It aimed at capacity building at various level of health care for primordial prevention, early diagnosis, IEC, BCC etc. Necessary induction training was imparted to health functionaries. Regular monitoring and review of the knowledge of different health functionaries is an integral part of programme. With this background, this study was carried to assess the knowledge of health functionaries about NCDs (general and individual), their behavioral as well as intermediate risk factors and programmatic issues of NPCDCS. Knowledge of 8 Medical ofcers (Allopathic/AYUSH), 18 Auxiliary Nurse Midwives (ANMs) and 15 Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs) were assessed in these areas through predesigned and pretested proforma. There existed gap in the knowledge of medical ofcers, ANMs and ASHAs. In some areas their knowledge was satisfactory however, in majority of areas this was not up to the mark e.g., cut off for normal random blood sugar was known to All MOs, ANMs and 33.3% ASHAs [Z=5.55, p< 0.01]. There is need and scope for improving knowledge of health functionaries through focused capacity building initiative and overcoming barriers to promote health functionaries to take up NCD prevention in community

PROGNOSTIC ROLE OF NLR AND RBS LEVELS IN DIABETIC PATIENTS WITH SEVERE COVID-19 DISEASE

Objective-This retrospective study was done to assess the role of NLR (Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio) and RBS (RANDOM BLOOD SUGAR) levels at the time of admission as prognostic markers and correlate them with clinical outcome. Materials and methods:Atotal of 100 diabetic patients with severe COVID-19 Disease, requiring ICU admission were studied at SRN Hospital, Prayagraj. Blood samples were sent for various inammatory markers along with random blood glucose levels. Patients were divided as survivors and non- survivors. Results: The mean NLR was higher in the group of patients who did not survive (11.35±8.09) than in the patients who survived (7.79±5.27). Mean RBS (in mg/dL) in the survivor group and the non-survivor group at the time of admission was 232.19±133.75 and 333.41±130.81 respectively. The NLR, RBS, CRP cutoff were identied as >7.247, >254.6 mg/dL,>12.86 mg/Lrespectively to predict mortality using the ROC curve (p value <0.05). Conclusion:NLR and RBS at the time of admission can be easily used as surrogate markers for predictors of mortality. Screening and intensive glucose control is strictly recommended for all diabetic patients.

Dietary Habits and Physical Activity Affect Random Blood Sugar Levels In Outpatients

Background: Diabetes is caused by several etiology resulting in the body not using glucose into the cells, so glucose accumulates in the blood. The pancreas cannot produce the particular hormone in type 1 diabetes. Meanwhile, type 2 diabetes is caused by the inefficient use or deficiency of certain hormones relative to blood glucose levels. Purpose: This study analyzes the correlation between dietary regulation and physical activity and blood sugar levels in outpatients Methods: This paper was a cross-sectional analytic study. The population was all outpatients who checked their blood sugar levels at the Internal Medicine Specialist Clinic of Islamic Hospital Surabaya from January to February 2021. Meanwhile, there were 115 respondents with total random sampling. The independent variable was random blood sugar (RBS) levels, while the dependent variables were dietary habits and physical activity. Data collection used medical records at the Internal Medicine Specialist Clinic of Islamic Hospital Surabaya. Then, data analysis utilized Fisher's Exact Test with a significance of 0.05 Results: Most respondents had regular dietary habits (53%) and normal random blood sugar levels (54%). In addition, they had regular physical activity (80%), with frequency once a week (34.8%), and most types of physical activity were gymnastics (34.8%). The Fisher's Exact Test obtained p=0.000 in analyzing between dietary habits and RBG levels. In addition, p=0.000 in evaluating between physical activity and RBG levels. Conclusion: Dietary habits and physical exercise affect random blood sugar levels in outpatients. Further study should evaluate other factors associated with blood sugar levels.

The acute effect of resistance exercise on serum growth hormone and blood glucose in healthy non-obese adolescent subject

Background: The growth hormone (GH) response to resistance training is altered by many factors including sex steroid concentrations, fitness, intensity of exercise, age, gender, duration of exercise and glycemic state but the exact understanding of the interplay of different exercises to GH levels and its induced physiological adaptations is still obscure. This study aimed to see how resistance exercise affects GH levels and its correlation to plasma glucose levels in healthy non-obese adolescent subjects.Methods: 48 healthy non-obese adolescent subjects, 24 males and 24 females were included in the study. High volume exercise training regimen was used which involved major muscle group of arms, legs and trunk. Pre and post exercise levels of serum GH and random blood sugar were estimated in male and female groups.Results: The mean body mass index (BMI) of male and female groups was 23.22±3.12 kg/m2 and 20.40±4.49 kg/m2, respectively. The post-exercise serum GH levels in male and females increased significantly by 0.54±1.041 ng/ml (p<0.05) and 0.85±1.023 ng/ml (p<0.001) respectively. The random blood sugar levels in males after exercise significantly increased (p<0.05) by 7.16±12.61 mg/dl and in females by 6.20±12.09 mg/dl (p<0.05). There was significant correlation (p<0.05) between increase in serum GH levels and increase in random blood sugar levels in both male and female group.Conclusions: Exercise induced increase in GH and its interplay with serum glucose can be better gained access into via metanalytical/elaborate studies of the major hormones and fuels involved.