scholarly journals Identification of Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate Crystals by X-ray Diffraction in Urine of Ethylene Glycol-Intoxicated Dogs

1985 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 625-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Thrall ◽  
S. M. Dial ◽  
D. R. Winder
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Dihydrate ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Oxalate Dihydrate ◽  
Ethylene Glycol Poisoning ◽  
Experimentally Induced

Urine sediments of dogs with experimentally induced ethylene glycol poisoning were examined by light microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Massive calcium oxalate crystalluria was observed in all poisoned dogs. By light microscopy, the frequency with which six-sided hippurate-like prisms and envelope forms of calcium oxalate dihydrate occurred was approximately equal. The hippurate-like crystals were shown to be calcium oxalate monohydrate by X-ray diffractometry.

Role of Magnesium in the Growth of Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate and Calcium Oxalate Dihydrate Crystals

1987 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshitsugu Oka ◽  
Toshiaki Yoshioka ◽  
Takuo Koide ◽  
Minato Takaha ◽  
Takao Sonoda
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Dihydrate ◽  
Oxalate Dihydrate

Calcium Oxalate Dihydrate-Monohydrate Association in Grape (Vitis Vinifera) Endosperm

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 154-155
Author(s):  
Mary Alice Webb ◽  
Howard J. Arnott
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate ◽  
Optical Methods ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Dihydrate ◽  
Characteristic Morphology ◽  
Oxalate Dihydrate

Calcium oxalate occurs in two forms, monohydrate (whewellite) and dihydrate (weddelite). Both forms occur intracellularly in plants, typically within vacuoles. In particular plant species a given tissue usually has crystals with specific and characteristic morphology. The occurrence of calcium oxalate monohydrate and dihydrate together in the same cell is thought to be extremely rare and has been reported only in Allium and Begonia. In vitro the dihydrate is unstable under certain conditions and may dissolve and reprecipitate as the monohydrate. In this paper we report observations of crystals isolated from grape (Vitis vinifera) endosperm. Using optical methods both calcium oxalate monohydrate and dihydrate, as well as dihydratemonohydrate associations, have been identified.

Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate Crystals: A Clue to Ethylene Glycol Poisoning

2011 ◽  
Vol 341 (4) ◽  
pp. 338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashar Luqman ◽  
John Stanifer ◽  
Omer M. Asif Siddiqui ◽  
Adnan Naseer ◽  
Barry M. Wall
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate ◽  
Ethylene Glycol Poisoning

Diversity of calcium oxalate crystals in Cactaceae

2007 ◽  
Vol 85 (5) ◽  
pp. 501-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter P. Hartl ◽  
Helmut Klapper ◽  
Bruno Barbier ◽  
Hans Jürgen Ensikat ◽  
Richard Dronskowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystals ◽  
Polarizing Microscopy ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Dihydrate ◽  
Crystal Forms ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Oxalate Crystals ◽  
Crystal Sand ◽  
Scanning Electron

The occurrence of various types of calcium oxalate crystals was studied in 251 species and subspecies of Cactaceae to determine whether they are useful characters for Cactaceae systematics. Crystal hydration states were identified by X-ray powder diffraction and polarizing microscopy as monoclinic calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) and tetragonal calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD). Ninety-eight percent of taxa studied contained either COM or COD crystals, or both. Different morphologies of crystals were further defined by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy as druses, raphides, styloids (prisms), and crystal sand. In particular, the preponderance of one of the hydration states (COM or COD) was characteristic for certain Cactus subfamilies. Data showed that in Pereskioideae, Maihuenioideae, and Opuntioideae COM is predominant, while in Cactoideae COD prevails. In the remainder of Cactoideae, the crystals were quite variable. In tribe Hylocereeae, many species form both COM and COD as well. In the genera Hylocereus , Epiphyllum , Selenicereus , and Weberocereus , COM forms were almost exclusively represented by raphides together with different crystal forms in their epidermal cells. In the remainder of the Cactoideae, crystals did not follow any observable patterns. Development of crystallographic standards for identifying crystal forms microscopically is proposed for future crystal studies.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document