Study of influence of micro-arc oxidation process duration on the characteristics of thermal control coatings for space applications

Thermal control coatings were obtained on the AMg6 aluminum alloy with the aid of micro-arc oxidation (MAO) process. The dependences of the thickness, roughness, porosity and thermal control properties of the coating on MAO process duration were studied. The thermal control properties (solar absorbance αs and emissivity ε) were investigated by ultraviolet–visible-near infrared spectrophotometer instrument and solar absorption reflectometer. The analysis of thickness, roughness and MAO process duration influence on the thermal control properties of the coating was carried out.

Estimation of Sustainable Bioenergy Production from Olive Mill Solid Waste

The disposal of olive wastes and their wastewater is a major problem worldwide. An important recycling chain can be formed through biogas production and energy conversion from olive waste. This study developed an efficient and effective sustainable model for biogas production using anaerobic digestion conditions with the co-digestion of pretreated olive waste. The sample used was hard olive pomace, which was dried in an oven before being crushed to fine particles with a mortar and pestle. The sample was analyzed by a CE-440 Elemental Analyzer, and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR) analysis was performed using Shimadzu IRTracer-100. Through the analysis, a substantial amount of electrical energy of 769 kWh/t was found to be generated per ton of olive pomace due to the high volatile solid (VS) percentage of organic waste material incorporated during the calculation. Reduced land area for landfilling olive waste was calculated to be 108 m2 per year, whereas the potential to reduce landfill leachate production was evaluated to be 0.32 m3 per year.

Titania Nanotube Architectures Synthesized on 3D-Printed Ti-6Al-4V Implant and Assessing Vancomycin Release Protocols

The aim of this study is to synthesize Titania nanotubes (TNTs) on the 3D-printed Ti-6Al-4V surface and investigate the loading of antibacterial vancomycin drug dose of 200 ppm for local drug treatment application for 24 h. The antibacterial drug release from synthesized nanotubes evaluated via the chemical surface measurement and the linear fitting of Korsmeyer–Peppas model was also assessed. The TNTs were synthesized on the Ti-6Al-4V surface through the anodization process at different anodization time. The TNTs morphology was characterized using field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). The wettability and the chemical composition of the Ti-6Al-4V surface and the TNTs were assessed using the contact angle meter, Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR) and the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The vancomycin of 200 ppm release behavior under controlled atmosphere was measured by the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and hence, the position for retention time at 2.5 min was ascertained. The FESEM analysis confirmed the formation of nanostructured TNTs with vertically oriented, closely packed, smooth and unperforated walls. The maximum cumulative vancomycin release of 34.7% (69.5 ppm) was recorded at 24 h. The wetting angle of both Ti-6Al-4V implant and the TNTs were found below 90 degrees. This confirmed their excellent wettability.

Isolasi dan Identifikasi Saponin dari Ekstrak Leunca (Solanium ningrum L) Secara Spektrofotometri Infra Merah

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengisolasi dan mengidentifikasi senyawa saponin dengan maserasi menggunakan etanol 95% sampai mendapat ekstrak kering sebanyak 20 gram dengan dipanaskan menggunakan evaporator. Ekstraksi kedua dilakukan menggunakan corong pisah dengan pelarut dietil eter dan n-butanol. Identifikasi saponin dilakukan dengan tiga parameter uji diantaranya uji busa, uji warna dan gugus fungsi menggunakan Spektrofotometer Infra Merah. Hasil pengukuran Spektrofotometri Infra Merah menunjukkan Ekstrak Daun Launca mengandung beberapa gugus fungsi sebagai berikut : gugus –OH (puncak yang lebar pada bilangan gelombang 3444,87 cm-1), regang –CH alifatik simetri (bilangan gelombang 2926,01 cm-1 dan2854,65 cm-1, regang C=C tidak terkonjugasi pada bilangan gelombang 1606,7 cm-1, adanya regang C-H (bilangan gelombang 1074,35 cm-1 dan 1045,42 cm-1), dan adanya vibrasi bengkokan simetris C-O pada bilangan gelombang 1386,82 cm-1.Kata kunci: Daun leunca; spektrofotometer infra merah; saponin Isolation and Identification of Saponin from Leunca (Solanium ningrum L) Extract by Infrared SpectrophotometryABSTRACTThis research was conducted to isolate and identify saponin compounds by maceration using 95% ethanol to obtain 20 grams of dry extract by heating using an evaporator. The second extraction was carried out using a separating funnel with diethyl ether and n-butanol as solvents. Saponin identification was carried out with three test parameters including foam test, color test and functional group using Infrared Spectrophotometer. Infrared Spectrophotometry measurement results show that the Launca Leaf Extract contains the following functional groups: -OH group (wide peak at wave number 3444.87 cm-1), aliphatic symmetrical -CH stretch (wave number 2926.01 cm-1 and 2854 ,65 cm-1, unconjugated C=C stretch at wave number 1606.7 cm-1, presence of CH stretch (wave number 1074.35 cm-1 and 1045.42 cm-1), and the presence of symmetrical bending vibration of CO at wave number 1386.82 cm-1.Keywords: Infrared spectrophotometer; leunca leaf; saponin

Treatment of Oil from the Oil Industry Wastewater by the Production of a Hydrophobic Magnetic Polymer Nanocomposites

A novel, economic and environment-friendly composite material based on magnetic hollow magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticle coated with a polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) was produced to treat the oil from the oil industry wastewaters. The oils were readily removed via hydrophobic PVP -magnetite nanocomposite. In this study the physicochemical properties of the produced PVP-magnetite nanocomposite were investigated with Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) analysis. The effects of increasing PVP -magnetite nanocomposite concentrations, the effects of separation time, effect of pH on the removal of oil were investigated. The removals of individual oil types with different carbon (C) ring numbers (from C 9 up to C 25) were investigated during oil removal. The reusing capacity of PVP-magnetite nanocomposite was investigated after 40 cycling for oil removal. The removal yields for all pollutants in the oil industry was investigated. FTIR analysis results showed that in the spectrum of PVP-coated magnetite nanocomposite the peak at 2500 1/cm can be attributed to the stretching vibration of C−N and C═O. XRD spectrum of the synthesized PVP– magnetite composite nanoparticle exhibited that the dominant phase of the composite nanoparticle is magnetite with a particle size of 16.8 nm. TGA analysis showed that about 69% weight loss was observed at 500°C and this is attributed to decomposition of PVP. Nonane (9 C rings) and undecane (11 C rings) have high removal yields like 99.99% while the oils with high carbon rings such as, 80% ducosene (22 C rings) and 72% pentacosane (25 C rings) exhibited low yields. The aforementined nanoparticle can be used 29 times to remove the oil with a yield of 99.99%. The maximum CODdis, COD, TSS and oil removal efficiencies were 99%, 99.5%, 99% and 99.90% respectively, via adsorption with 3 mg/l hydrophobic PVP-Fe3O4 / Polimer nanocomposite.

Coupled effect of particle size of the source materials and calcination temperature on the direct synthesis of hydroxyapatite

We report the effect of controlled particle size (obtained by using 80, 100, 120, 140 and 200 mesh) of the source materials on the synthesis of a well-known biomaterial, hydroxyapatite (Hap). In addition to this, we have also mapped the consequence of applied temperature (700°C, 800°C and 900°C) on the crystallographic properties and phase composition of the obtained Hap. Nevertheless, although with Hap, in each case, β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) was registered as the secondary phase the ANOVA test revealed that the results of the crystallographic parameters are significantly different for the applied sintering temperature 700°C and 800°C ( p < 0.05), while the data obtained for calcination temperature 800°C are not significantly different from that acquired at 900°C ( p > 0.05). Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer data ensured that, irrespective of mesh size and calcination temperature, the synthesized Hap samples were of carbonated apatite with B-type substitution. Interestingly, for all cases, the % of carbonate content was below the maximum limit (8%) of the CO 3 2 − ion present in bone tissue hydroxyapatite.

Comparative impact of gamma radiation on reinforced nitrile rubber with graphite and agro waste activated carbons

In this article, graphite fine powder and two types of activated carbon (AC) namely based-on waste corn and sugarcane bagasse were implemented as reinforcers for the nitrile rubber (NBR). Both types of AC were prepared through a low-temperature chemical carbonization treatment. Each type of these fillers, at 5, 10, and 15 wt%, was mixed with NBR on a rubber mill and pressed under heat to develop sheets to be gamma irradiated at 100 kGy. Filler characterization using Fourier Transform Infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were discussed. X-ray diffraction (XRD) proved that graphite has a crystalline structure but corn and bagasse ACs have amorphous nature. Furthermore, dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis was used to determine the particle size of the studied fillers. In addition, mechanical properties, XRD, thermal stability, and SEM of the prepared unirradiated or irradiated NBR‒composites were investigated. The physicomechanical features of the NBR matrix could be enhanced by the presence of reinforcing fillers, even at relatively low filler loading. The composites filled with graphite showed superior mechanical parameters and also have the highest thermal stability as indicated by their high-temperature mass loss (Tm). Generally, irradiated samples expressed grander properties than unirradiated ones as a result of the radiation-induced crosslinking structures.

Synthesis, Characterization, and Optimization of Green Silver Nanoparticles Using Neopestalotiopsis clavispora and Evaluation of Its Antibacterial, Antibiofilm, and Genotoxic Effects

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been used in a variety of biomedical applications in the last two decades, including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer treatments. The present study highlights the extracellular synthesis of silver nanoparticles AgNPs using Neopestalotiopsis clavispora MH244410.1 and its antibacterial, antibiofilm, and genotoxic properties. Locally isolated N. clavispora MH244410.1 was identified by Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA. Optimization of synthesized AgNPs was performed by using various parameters (pH (2, 4, 7, 9 and 12), temperature (25, 35 and 45 °C), and substrate concentration (0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2 and 0.25 mM)). After 72 hours of incubation in dark conditions, the best condition for the biosynthesis of AgNPs was determined as 0.25 mM metal concentration at pH 12 and 35 °C. Fungal synthesized AgNPs were characterized via spectroscopic and microscopic techniques such as Fouirer Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR), UV-Visible Spectroscopy, and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The average size of the AgNPs was determined less than 60 nm using the TEM and Zetasizer measurement system (measured in purity water suspension). The characteristic peak of AgNPs was observed at ~414 nm from UV-Vis results. Antibacterial and genotoxic activity of synthesized AgNPs (0.1, 1, and 10 ppm) were also determined by using the agar well diffusion method and in vivo Somatic Mutation and Recombination Test (SMART) in Drosophila melanogaster. AgNPs exhibited potential antimicrobial activity against all the tested bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) except Escherichia coli in a dose-dependent manner. AgNPs did not induce genotoxicity in the Drosophila SMART assay. 79.33, 65.47, and 41.95% inhibition of biofilms formed by P. aeruginosa were observed at 10, 1, and 0.1 ppm of AgNPs, respectively. The overall results indicate that N. clavispora MH244410.1 is a good candidate for novel applications in biomedical research.

Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer with attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) for analysis of uroliths in caprine species

Pathophysiology of obstructive urolithiasis in goats are multifactorial involving management, nutritional and hormonal factors. Analysis of the composition of a particular urolith would aid in understanding the aetiopathogenesis of the calculi which can facilitate establishment of appropriate treatment and prevention protocols. Four cases of chronic obstructive urolithiasis in male goats presented to University Veterinary Hospital were surgically managed by tube cystotomy. The calculi extracted from the bladder were subjected to Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer with attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) to identify the composition of the calculi. The infrared wavelength bandwidths of H-O-H stretching vibrations, H-O-H bending modes of vibrations of water molecules, N-H symmetric stretching vibrations, N-H bending vibration and N-H asymmetric bending vibration in NH4+ unit’s ionic phosphate were compared with the available reference spectrum of wavelength and were found to be identical and comparable with the standard infrared wavelength of struvite calculi.