scholarly journals Music listening evokes implicit affiliation

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 584-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonna K. Vuoskoski ◽  
Eric F. Clarke ◽  
Tia DeNora
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
West African ◽  
Music Listening ◽  
Collective Actions ◽  
Motor Resonance ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
African People ◽  
Trait Empathy ◽  
High Trait ◽  
Specific Culture

Recent empirical evidence suggests that – like other synchronized, collective actions – making music together with others fosters affiliation and pro-social behaviour. However, it is not yet known whether these effects are limited to active, interpersonal musical participation, or whether solitary music listening can also produce similar effects. This study examines the hypothesis that listening to music from a specific culture can evoke implicit affiliation towards members of that culture more generally. Furthermore, we hypothesized that listeners with high trait empathy would be more susceptible to the effects. Sixty-one participants listened to a track of either Indian or West African popular music, and subsequently completed an Implicit Association Test measuring implicit preference for Indian versus West African people. A significant interaction effect revealed that listeners with high trait empathy were more likely to display an implicit preference for the ethnic group to whose music they were exposed. We argue that music has particular attributes that may foster affective and motor resonance in listeners.

scholarly journals Neurophysiological Effects of Trait Empathy in Music Listening

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary Wallmark ◽  
Choi Deblieck ◽  
Marco Iacoboni
Keyword(s):  
Music Listening ◽  
Trait Empathy

scholarly journals Prevalence and factors associated with physical function limitation in older West African people living with HIV

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. e0240906
Author(s):  
Charlotte Bernard ◽  
Hélène Font ◽  
Zélica Diallo ◽  
Richard Ahonon ◽  
Judicaël Malick Tine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Function ◽  
West African ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
African People ◽  
Living With Hiv

scholarly journals The Influence of Emotion and Empathy on Decisions to Help Others

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 215824402110145
Author(s):  
Weilong Xiao ◽  
Xue Lin ◽  
Xinwei Li ◽  
Xiaofei Xu ◽  
Huanen Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Perspective Taking ◽  
Task Analysis ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Study Task ◽  
Helping Others ◽  
Trait Empathy ◽  
High Trait ◽  
Made In

Many decisions to help others are made in emotionally associated circumstances. Empathy is known to motivate prosocial behavior. However, no studies have investigated the interaction between empathy and emotion in deciding to help others. In total, 151 students scoring either high or low in empathy viewed three types of emotional clips (anger vs. sadness vs. neutrality) and completed the “Help for Another Study” task. Analysis of variance showed that participants chose to invest more time in helping others when they felt sadness than anger. Participants with high empathy chose to spend more time helping others than those with low empathy. Pearson’s correlation revealed a significant positive correlation between perspective-taking, empathic concern, and willingness to invest time in assistance under anger state; perspective-taking and fantasy were significantly correlated with willingness to invest time under sadness state. The results suggest that both emotion (i.e., sadness) and empathy (i.e., high trait empathy) are vital motivators that exert impact on prosocial helping decisions.

scholarly journals Determinants of Crossbreeding Practices by Cattle Farmers in South Benin, West Africa: Implications for the Sustainable Use of the Indigenous Lagune Cattle Population

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurice Cossi Ahozonlin ◽  
Ivan Bossima Koura ◽  
Luc Hippolyte Dossa
Keyword(s):  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Genetic Resource ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Technical Skills ◽  
West African ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Collective Actions ◽  
Regression Approach ◽  
Cattle Farms ◽  
Cattle Farmer

While it is widely acknowledged that the small-sized West African Shorthorn taurine Lagune cattle is being increasingly crossbred with and replaced by large-sized zebus, little is known about the factors that influence farmers’ crossbreeding decisions and selection practices. But this information is necessary for the development of strategies towards a rationale use and conservation of this unique African genetic resource. To fill this knowledge gap, we conducted, between September and November 2016, a questionnaire survey in the belt of this breed in South Benin. One hundred seventy-three cattle farms were surveyed. The binomial logistic regression approach was used to predict the likelihood of a Lagune cattle farmer to be willing to introduce zebus in his herd. The herds were composed of either Lagune only (82.1%), zebu only (4.0%), crossbred Lagune x zebu (1.2%), Lagune and zebu (9.2%) or Lagune and crossbred Lagune x zebu (3.5%). The low productivity of the Lagune cattle and the market demand for large-sized animals were the main farmers’ motivations for crossbreeding. Farmers raising large herds of Lagune cattle under control mating system were more likely to adopt crossbreeding. The risk of dilution of the Lagune breed could be reduced by increasing awareness among farmers, improving their technical skills in herd management and empowering them to develop legal institutions, by-laws and collective actions for sustainable breed management. Farmers who have already adopted crossbreeding should be provided with appropriate services and technical assistance, whereas breed conservation initiatives should mainly focus on small purebred herds kept under control mating.

The early/late fire dichotomy

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Laris ◽  
Moussa Koné ◽  
Sepideh Dadashi ◽  
Fadiala Dembele
Keyword(s):  
Fire Ecology ◽  
Fire Regime ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
West African ◽  
Fire Season ◽  
African People ◽  
Actual Fire ◽  
Anthropogenic Fires ◽  
Early Late

A fundamental principal of savanna fire ecology is that the fire regime determines vegetation cover, especially as it pertains to trees. A corollary is that late fires are more damaging to trees than early fires. Much evidence in support of this principle has been derived from a series of long-term burning experiments based on the pioneering work of André Aubréville. Eighty years ago, Aubréville devised an experiment to study the impacts of fire on savanna trees in Africa. The design conventions of this study remain highly influential. It is now clear, however, that the dates chosen by Aubréville and his followers do not reflect the burning practices of West African people. Dates that were chosen for “early” and “late” are not representative of actual fire timing; they represent extremes. This study has four goals: (i) to critically review the results of the burning experiments; (ii) to examine them in the context of results from recent savanna fire studies; (iii) to evaluate their limitations based on data for actual burning practices and fires from West Africa; and (iv) to critically evaluate the use of the early/late terminology in contemporary fire research. We find the majority of West African fires occur during the “middle” of the fire season. Our field studies find that fire temperature and burn completeness are highest in the middle-season. We conclude that the early/late fire dichotomy is not sufficient for understanding the impacts of anthropogenic fires in the region and we make suggestions for rethinking its use more broadly.

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