Land-sea Thermal Contrast in Relation With Summer Monsoon Onset Over the Chao Phraya River Basin

An earlier onset of the Southeast Asian summer monsoon (SAM) was observed over the Chao Phraya River basin in Thailand using Thai Meteorological Department (TMD)-derived high-resolution merged rainfall from 1981 to 2016. As the SAM is precipitous, its variability depends on many local and global factors, such as thermal conditions over the Bay of Bengal (BoB) and Tibetan Plateau (TbT). Despite tremendous studies in the past, the role of thermal heat contrast over SAM is still not fully understood. Using the observation and reanalysis datasets, it was found that the absolute value of total heat over the BoB was higher. However, the interannual variability in total heat is higher over the TbT. Significant changes in surface temperature (±1.5°C), air thickness (±20 meters) and geopotential height found over the TbT were associated with early (late) SAM onset. The results also suggested that the significant changes in air thickness were influenced by the surface temperature difference over the TbT, and the changes in the integrated apparent heat source and integrated apparent moisture sink were up to ± 100 Wm−2, which resulted in stronger (weaker) convective activities over the BoB and mainland of the Indochina Peninsula during early (late) SAM onset. At the intraseasonal timescale, the instance MJO found over the Indian Ocean and Western Hemisphere at 4 to 10 days span during early SAM onset. An opposite scenario is found for a late SAM onset years with MJO location over Western Pacific and Maritime continent.

Spectrum analysis and prediction possibilities of the onset dates of southwest monsoon over Kerala (India)

Maximum Entropy Spectral Analysis of the time series for the onset dates of the southwest monsoon over Kerala (India) revealed several periodicities significant at a 2a a priori level. some at a 3 C a priori level However these contributed only 40-50% to the total variance thus indicating 50-60% as purely random component. Also many of the significant periodicities observed were in the QBO region (T = 2-3 years) which. due to their variable periodicities and amplitudes, are almost equivalent to a random component. Hence predictions were possible only with a limit exceeding 5 days which are probably not very useful for any planning purposes agricultural or otherwise. No relationship was found between onset dates of established monsoon rainfall and the 50 hPa mean monthly equatorial zonal wind for the months of March, April, May or June. However there is a possibility that a relationship may exist between westerly (easterly) winds in May and early (late) onset of the first monsoon (or pre-monsoon ?) rainfall in Kerala. Meager or otherwise.

Petrogenesis and tectonic setting of Late Devonian high-Mg andesites in the Beishan orogen, NW China

High-Mg andesites (HMAs) are crucial for the reconstruction of plate tectonics, continental margin formation and lithospheric evolution. In this study, we present new fossil age, whole-rock geochemical and Sr–Nd isotope data on the newly discovered Dundunshan Group HMAs in the Dundunshan area of the Beishan orogen (central-southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt). The Dundunshan HMA samples are characterized by high MgO (6.47–7.02 wt%) contents and high Mg# values (67.27–68.77), with SiO2 (58.57–62.13 wt%), Al2O3 (14.49–16.07 wt%) and CaO (5.05–6.24 wt%) resembling typical HMAs. The Dundunshan HMA samples are calc-alkaline and strongly enriched in light rare earth elements (LREEs) and large-ion lithophile elements (LILEs), with slightly negative Eu anomaly and high-field-strength element (HFSE) depletions. Their (87Sr/86Sr)i ratios (0.7041–0.7057) and ϵNd(t) (3.73–5.59) indicate that the Dundunshan HMAs were mainly formed by the interactions between subducted oceanic sediment-derived melts and mantle peridotites. Fossil evidence and published radiometric age data constrain the formation of the Dundunshan HMAs to early Late Devonian time. Sedimentological features of the Middle Devonian Sangejing Formation and regional tectonic correlation suggest that the Hongliuhe–Niujuanzi–Xichangjing Ocean in the Dundunshan area was likely closed during late Middle Devonian time, and that the Dundunshan HMAs were formed in a post-collision extensional setting.

Lingual means of the denotation in the Ukrainian language for age development periods of a child in the first year of the life

The names of age periods of the first year of a child’s life were considered in the paper. Traditionally the first year of a child’s life was not clearly divided into shorter stages, and in turn, there were no established names which would correlate with these age periods. In every-day life defining features for a child of the first year of life is the fact of birth itself, which fixes a noun-composite a newly-born, as well as expressive signs associated with feeding a baby and its (his/her) inability to speak, namely, such nouns as a nursling and a baby. A clearly differentiated division of a child’s age period, before reaching the age of one year, is recorded in medicine. Scientific observations of the physiological changes in the development of a child, depending on a lived calendar period, determined the classification of the life into certain stages beginning from the prenatal development; it was expressed in a special terminology, for example, a perinatal period, a zero day. In a medical sphere the division units of a life period before the age of one year are hours, days, months; thus, this temporal vocabulary belongs to the structure of terminological phrases used to denote a certain age stage, the gradation of periods can be done with help of adjectives-qualifiers early, late. In a pedagogical discourse, contrary to a medical sphere, the names of the age periods in a child’s life do not clearly correlate with physiological changes and a calendar duration, and in an every-day life discourse the correlation is seen the least. However a conversational speech is characterized with a larger number of the patterns which form the names of age periods, descriptive nominations, due to a child’s socialization. Thus, a set of nominative units is different for each discourse, but we can come across some scientific terms in mass media, and from there they can be found in a conversational speech. In a pedagogical, medical, every-day life discourse we have the cases when the same nouns are used, for instance, a newly-born, however they differ semantically.

Unusual oral presentation of acyclovir-resistant herpes simplex in an allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplant recipient

The early engraftment phase of allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation can be associated with a number of oromucosal infective complications. While the routine use of prophylactic acyclovir has reduced the incidence of herpes simplex virus (HSV) reactivation, there is an increasing prevalence of acyclovir resistance within this cohort of patients. The authors present a case of acyclovir-resistant HSV reactivation in a 26-year-old woman 7 days post T-deplete sibling allograft on a background of combined cyclophosphamide and total body irradiation myeloablative conditioning, successfully treated with foscarnet and cidofovir therapy and discuss the differential diagnoses for early/late engraftment oral disease.

Sensory Impairment is Associated With Recurrent Falls: Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation

This study evaluated the relationship between individual and combined sensory impairments (vision, hearing, peripheral nerve (PN)) with recurrent falls in the past year among 1951 women (mean age 65.6 years) from the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation. Sensory impairments were defined as self-reported vision difficulty, hearing loss, or ≥4 on the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument. Recurrent falls were defined as ≥2 self-reported falls. Hearing was the most commonly reported impairment (39.2%), followed by vision (22.1%) and PN (16.0%). Among those with any impairments, 7.0% of women reported impairments in all domains. Recurrent falls were more common among women with vision (19.4%), hearing (17.3%), or PN impairments (24.7%) as compared to women without sensory impairments (7.0%). The greatest burden of recurrent falls was among women with all three sensory impairments; one-third (34.6%) of women with vision, hearing and PN impairment were recurrent fallers. In an adjusted logistic regression model, vision, hearing, and PN impairments were associated with statistically significantly higher odds of recurrent falls in the past year (odds ratio (OR) = 1.58, 1.76, 2.11, respectively; all p<0.01), after adjustment for age, race/ethnicity, economic strain, and depressive symptoms. The presence of all three sensory impairments was associated with nearly 6-fold increased odds of recurrent falls (OR=5.65, 95% CI 3.25, 9.82) compared to women with no impairments. Sensory impairments often onset during mid-life and early late adulthood. This work demonstrates that these impairments are associated with falls and that women with impairments across multiple sensory domains are at greatest risk.

A new genus of prosopid crabs (Decapoda: Brachyura: Dromiacea) from the Upper Jurassic of southern Germany

A new monotypic genus and species of brachyurans, Petersbuchia thauckei n. gen. n. sp., is described from southern Germany. The holotype, an incompletely preserved carapace, was collected from a thick-bedded spongiolithic limestone of the Upper Jurassic Treuchtlingen Formation (early late Kimmeridgian, Acanthicum Zone). Petersbuchia adds to the diversification hotspot of early true crabs within the sponge-microbial magnafacies along the northern shelve of the Tethys Ocean in general and to the brachyuran fauna of the Treuchtlingen Formation in special.