Training babies for “sweet anticipation”: Emphasizing expectation arousal in infant-directed mother singing

Psychology of Music ◽

10.1177/03057356211054124 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 030573562110541

Author(s):

Alma D Shimony ◽

Veronika W Cohen

Keyword(s):

Physical Aspect ◽

Emotional Experiences ◽

Delayed Gratification ◽

Dynamic Changes

This study explores how mothers construct, implement, and break musical anticipations while singing to their infants. Five mothers were videotaped multiple times while singing to their infants the songs that they routinely sang in their homes. Analysis of the videotapes focused on the following two aspects of the mothers’ performance of the songs: (1) the vocal aspect of the mother’s performance, which was examined with respect to dynamic changes, accents, and rhythmic variations and (2) the physical aspect, which included moving, touching, and smiling while singing. The results of this study were reached by integrating the above data. We show that mothers do construct, implement, and break musical anticipations in vocal and motional performances of songs they sing to their infants. They construct their infants’ musical anticipations, encouraging them to predict what is about to happen; stimulate arousal and attention of the infants using the tension mechanism of delayed gratification; they emphasize unexpected musical events, creating emotional experiences for the infants. These conclusions provide a new explanation for the great importance of infant-directed mother singing.

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Ultrastructural Cytopiasmic Changes of Adrenal Cortex During Pregnancy

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100063408 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 27 ◽

pp. 298-299

Author(s):

T. M. Murad ◽

Karen Israel ◽

Jack C. Geer

Keyword(s):

Adrenal Gland ◽

Steroid Hormones ◽

Adrenal Cortex ◽

Lipid Droplets ◽

Plasma Cholesterol ◽

Adrenal Steroids ◽

Dynamic Changes ◽

Cortical Cells ◽

Acetyl Coenzyme A ◽

Adrenal Cortical Cells

Adrenal steroids are normally synthesized from acetyl coenzyme A via cholesterol. Cholesterol is also shown to enter the adrenal gland and to be localized in the lipid droplets of the adrenal cortical cells. Both pregnenolone and progesterone act as intermediates in the conversion of cholesterol into steroid hormones. During pregnancy an increased level of plasma cholesterol is known to be associated with an increase of the adrenal corticoid and progesterone. The present study is designed to demonstrate whether the adrenal cortical cells show any dynamic changes during pregnancy.

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Dynamic changes of P300 in children and adults - The effect of the number of standard stimuli preceding the target stimulus

Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology ◽

10.1016/s0013-4694(97)88277-x ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 103 (1) ◽

pp. 73

Author(s):

R KilpelÃ¤inen

Keyword(s):

Target Stimulus ◽

Dynamic Changes

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Intraindividual Variability and Stability of Affect and Well-Being

GeroPsych ◽

10.1024/1662-9647/a000094 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 185-199 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

Christina Röcke ◽

Annette Brose

Keyword(s):

Age Differences ◽

Well Being ◽

Subjective Well Being ◽

Emotional Experiences ◽

Short Term ◽

Regulatory Processes ◽

Functional Implications ◽

Methodological Approaches ◽

Underlying Processes

Whereas subjective well-being remains relatively stable across adulthood, emotional experiences show remarkable short-term variability, with younger and older adults differing in both amount and correlates. Repeatedly assessed affect data captures both the dynamics and stability as well as stabilization that may indicate emotion-regulatory processes. The article reviews (1) research approaches to intraindividual affect variability, (2) functional implications of affect variability, and (3) age differences in affect variability. Based on this review, we discuss how the broader literature on emotional aging can be better integrated with theories and concepts of intraindividual affect variability by using appropriate methodological approaches. Finally, we show how a better understanding of affect variability and its underlying processes could contribute to the long-term stabilization of well-being in old age.

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Emotional Experiences of Students in the Classroom

European Psychologist ◽

10.1027/1016-9040/a000014 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 142-151 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Wondimu Ahmed ◽

Greetje van der Werf ◽

Alexander Minnaert

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Emotional Response ◽

Task Difficulty ◽

Physiological Reactivity ◽

Emotional Experiences ◽

Heart Rate Monitoring ◽

Coding Scheme ◽

Stimulated Recall ◽

Response Systems ◽

The Relationship

In this article, we report on a multimethod qualitative study designed to explore the emotional experiences of students in the classroom setting. The purpose of the study was threefold: (1) to explore the correspondence among nonverbal expressions, subjective feelings, and physiological reactivity (heart rate changes) of students’ emotions in the classroom; (2) to examine the relationship between students’ emotions and their competence and value appraisals; and (3) to determine whether task difficulty matters in emotional experiences. We used multiple methods (nonverbal coding scheme, video stimulated recall interview, and heart rate monitoring) to acquire data on emotional experiences of six grade 7 students. Concurrent correspondence analyses of the emotional indices revealed that coherence between emotional response systems, although apparent, is not conclusive. The relationship between appraisals and emotions was evident, but the effect of task difficulty appears to be minimal.

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