scholarly journals Virus Transmission Risk in Urban Rail Systems: Microscopic Simulation-Based Analysis of Spatio-Temporal Characteristics

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110101
Author(s):  
Jiali Zhou ◽  
Haris N. Koutsopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Microscopic Simulation ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Subway System ◽  
Public Transportation Systems ◽  
The Impact

The transmission risk of airborne diseases in public transportation systems is a concern. This paper proposes a modified Wells-Riley model for risk analysis in public transportation systems to capture the passenger flow characteristics, including spatial and temporal patterns, in the number of boarding and alighting passengers, and in number of infectors. The model is used to assess overall risk as a function of origin–destination flows, actual operations, and factors such as mask-wearing and ventilation. The model is integrated with a microscopic simulation model of subway operations (SimMETRO). Using actual data from a subway system, a case study explores the impact of different factors on transmission risk, including mask-wearing, ventilation rates, infectiousness levels of disease, and carrier rates. In general, mask-wearing and ventilation are effective under various demand levels, infectiousness levels, and carrier rates. Mask-wearing is more effective in mitigating risks. Impacts from operations and service frequency are also evaluated, emphasizing the importance of maintaining reliable, frequent operations in lowering transmission risks. Risk spatial patterns are also explored, highlighting locations of higher risk.

Impact of Bus Routes on Crash Frequency in Metropolitan Areas

2020 ◽  
Vol 2674 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato Guadamuz ◽  
Vikash V. Gayah ◽  
Rajesh Paleti
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Parametric Method ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Safety Performance ◽  
Transportation Safety ◽  
Crash Frequency ◽  
Transit Systems ◽  
Input Variables ◽  
Public Transportation Systems ◽  
The Impact

Although research in transportation safety is abundant, very few studies have examined the relationship between public transportation systems and safety performance. Most studies on the subject have focused on the impact of infrastructure countermeasures related to bus rapid transit systems. However, the impact of city-street buses on safety performance remains unknown. This research explores the pseudo-causal impact of the presence of bus routes and bus traffic on observed crash frequencies by developing safety performance functions (SPFs) that include the presence of a bus route and estimated weekly bus traffic as input variables. The SPFs were developed using the propensity score–potential outcomes (PS-PO) framework to reduce unobserved biases that might exist between segments that have and do not have bus routes. The results suggest that PS-PO reduced standardized biases significantly, allowing stronger causal inferences to be obtained. The results revealed that the presence of a bus route was associated with a 27% increase in expected crash frequency after controlling for other infrastructure-related variables. Weekly bus traffic was also found to be a significant predictor of overall crash frequency, with a 1% increase in ] weekly bus traffic associated with an expected increase in crash frequency of 0.016%. A non-parametric approach is also presented for comparison with the results from the SPFs; this confirmed the findings from the parametric method used.

Evaluation of a GPS-Based System for Supporting Independent Use of Public Transportation by Adults With Intellectual Disability

Inclusion ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven E. Stock ◽  
Daniel K. Davies ◽  
Leslie A. Hoelzel ◽  
Rene J. Mullen
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Service Agency ◽  
Adult Service ◽  
Provider Organization ◽  
Public Transportation Systems ◽  
Financial Impacts ◽  
The Impact

Abstract People with intellectual disability often have support needs related to navigating their communities using public transportation. Specialized transportation resources such as paratransit programs or adult service agency transportation are costly and generally non-inclusive. This paper describes a study examining the impact of a GPS-based system called WayFinder operating on mainstream smartphone device on the independent use of public transportation systems by people with intellectual disability. Specifically, the impact of the system on number of training trials for independent navigation of a novel bus route (vs. traditional training procedures) and generalization to another novel route were examined. Additionally, the bus ridership and financial impacts were examined in a city where a provider organization and the public bus system were adopting WayFinder to support people with intellectual disability to access fixed-route bus systems. Implications and recommendations for future research and practice are described.

scholarly journals Design of a Hybrid Storage for Road Public Transportation Systems

2018 ◽  
pp. 149-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriano Alessandrini ◽  
Riccardo Barbieri ◽  
Lorenzo Berzi ◽  
Fabio Cignini ◽  
Antonino Genovese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Hybrid Storage ◽  
Public Transportation Systems

scholarly journals LISP Optimisation of Mobile Data Streaming in Connected Societies

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Balan ◽  
D. Robu ◽  
F. Sandu
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Virtual Machines ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Data Streaming ◽  
Host Mobility ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Public Transportation Systems ◽  
Load Balanced

Mobility mechanisms are key elements of “always connected” smart environments. Since the first mobile IPv4 protocols, the IP mobility solutions have evolved from host mobility to network mobility and migration to IPv6, but there are still use-cases to be covered, especially for redundant multihomed scenarios. Also mobility does not refer only to hosts or individuals, but also to code/applications and to virtual machines. LISP (Locator/Identifier Separation Protocol) can contribute to new solutions for both host mobility and virtual machine mobility (e.g., inside enterprise data centers) by the separation of the identifier and location of a network endpoint. The aim of this paper is to propose a LISP based multihome and load-balanced network architecture for urban environments. Validation is done in an emulated environment for the case of an enterprise with distributed locations, but, furthermore, we extrapolate to other mobile urban scenarios, like the case of providing reliable load-balanced and secured Internet in Public Transportation Systems, with a proposal for an open-source implementation.

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